ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОНЛАЙН-КУРСУ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТУ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ФОРМИ НАВЧАННЯ У НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС КАФЕДРИ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЇ, ВІРУСОЛОГІЇ ТА ІМУНОЛОГІЇ

The aim of the work – to reveal the features of implementing online course as an element of distance learning in the educational process at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University.The main body. The article discusses the need to use distance learning as a new innovative technology for organizing the educational process in teaching discipline at the Department of Microbiology and Virology. The main goal is to introduce intensification of training, that is, the transfer of a large volume of educational information with a reduced number of hours. However, the introduction of a distance form of instruction in the educational process of the department is a complex of multifaceted question, which presupposes the existence of appropriate educational, methodical, didactic and logistical support.Conclusions. The transition to modern distance learning technologies, the creation of conditions for their implementation, the sensible combination of new information technologies of education with traditional ones, the formation of information competence of students is a complex pedagogical task that requires the solution of a whole complex of psychological, pedagogical, teaching, methodological and organizational tasks. The main tasks are the development of scientific and methodological support of the educational process, the information literacy of teachers and students, the dissemination of the use of modern information technologies for teaching in the subject of teaching in a medical university.Мета роботи – розкрити особливості впровадження онлайн-курсу як елементу дистанційної форми навчання у навчальний процес кафедри мікробіології, вірусології та імунології Запорізького державного медичного університету.Основна частина. У статті висвітлено питання необхідності використання дистанційного навчання як нової інноваційної технології організації освітнього процесу у викладанні дисципліни на кафедрі мікробіології, вірусології та імунології з метою інтенсифікації навчання, тобто передачі великого обсягу навчальної інформації при зниженій кількості аудиторних годин. Проте впровадження дистанційної форми навчання у навчальний процес кафедри є складним багатоаспектним питанням, яке передбачає наявність відповідного навчально-методичного, дидактичного та матеріально-технічного забезпечення. Висновок. Перехід до сучасних дистанційних технологій навчання, створення умов для їх впровадження, розумне поєднання нових інформаційних технологій навчання з традиційними, формування інформаційної компетентності студентів – складне педагогічне завдання, що потребує розв’язання цілого комплексу психолого-педагогічних, навчально-методичних та організаційних завдань, основними з яких є розробка науково-методичного забезпечення навчально-виховного процесу, інформаційна грамотність викладачів і студентів (уміння орієнтуватись в інформаційному просторі для отримання й оперування інформацією), поширення використання сучасних інформаційних технологій навчання під час викладання предмета у медичному виші

ACTIVATION MECHANISMS OF GUT-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE UNDER CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS CONDITIONS

Stress-induced immune disregulation is a risk factor of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but, so far, the mechanisms for this effect are not fully known. Expression levels of specific mRNAs were assessed in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) from Wistar rats subjected to chronic social stress (CSS). Gene expression was evaluated for NR3C1, Adrβ2, as well as IL-1β, IL-17α pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Nlrp, an inflammasome gene. Under the CSS conditions, we have shown altered distribution of RORγt +, FoxP3+, LMP2+, XBP1+ lymphocytes in GALT.The experiments were carried out with female Wistar rats aged 5–6 months. Specific mRNA expression for the target genes was determined by means of real-time PCR performed in a CFX96™ thermocycler («BioRadLaboratories, Inc»,USA). Relative levels of a target gene expression were quantified by the ΔΔCt method, being compared with rat GAPDH reference gene expression. Statistical analysis was performed with available «BioRad СFX Manager 3.1» software. Specific monoclonal rat antibodes were used for detection of immunopositive lymphocytes by means of indirect immunofluorescence technique.CSS development leads to decreased levels of mRNA expression for Nr3c1 and Adrβ2-genes in the GALT cells, being accompanied with unidirectional changes, i.e., increased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs (IL-1β, IL-17α) and Nlrp3-inflammasome genes. These changes are accompanied by decreased FoxP3+/RORγt + cell ratio and predominant Th17 differentiation accompanied by suppressor failure. In addition, CSS development was characterized by unidirectional tendency for increasing total number of LMP2+ lymphocytes and reduced ХВР1+ cell population density in lymphoid structures of rat ileum.The events observed in GALT cell populations under CSS conditions are opposing classical paradigm of the stress response. The CSS-associated effects do not promote immunosuppression, however, are able to cause activation of immune system and inflammatory process

Shear wave propagation in layered composites with degraded matrices at locations of imperfect bonding

Biodegradable polymers find an increasing number of applications in different fields of engineering and medicine due to their environmental-friendly degradation. The process of degradation of biodegradable polymer constituents and the bonding quality between the constituents in composites can be identified by the analysis of the phononic band structure. The present article considers a layered composite, in which the matrix degradation is modeled by a multitude of layers with decreasing values of their mechanical properties. Bonding between the inclusion and the degrading matrix is taken into account by a linear elastic bonding model in the first case and by a viscoelastic model in the second case

Peculiarities of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulator XBP1 Expression in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of Wistar Rats under Chronic Stress

The aim of the present work was to study the expression level of XBP1 mRNA, proin flammatory cytokines IL,1β, IL,17α in intestinal associated lymphoid tissue in Wistar rats in experimental models of CS

Quality of reporting internal and external validity data from randomized controlled trials evaluating stents for percutaneous coronary intervention

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Stents are commonly used to treat patients with coronary artery disease. However, the quality of reporting internal and external validity data in published reports of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of stents has never been assessed.</p> <p>The objective of our study was to evaluate the quality of reporting internal and external validity data in published reports of RCTs assessing the stents for percutaneous coronary interventions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature review was conducted. Reports of RCTs assessing stents for percutaneous coronary interventions indexed in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and published between January 2003 and September 2008 were selected. A standardized abstraction form was used to extract data. All analyses were adjusted for the effect of clustering articles by journal.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>132 articles were analyzed. The generation of the allocation sequence was adequate in 58.3% of the reports; treatment allocation was concealed in 34.8%. Adequate blinding was reported in one-fifth of the reports. An intention-to-treat analysis was described in 79.5%. The main outcome was a surrogate angiographic endpoint in 47.0%. The volume of interventions per center was described in two reports. Operator expertise was described in five (3.8%) reports. The quality of reporting was better in journals with high impact factors and in journals endorsing the CONSORT statement.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The current reporting of results of RCTs testing stents needs to be improved to allow readers to appraise the risk of bias and the applicability of the results.</p

SMARTphone-based, early cardiac REHABilitation in patients with acute coronary syndromes [SMART-REHAB Trial]: A randomized controlled trial protocol

© 2016 The Author(s). Background: There are well-documented treatment gaps in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and no clear guidelines to assist early physical activity after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Smartphone technology may provide an innovative platform to close these gaps. This paper describes the study design of a randomized controlled trial assessing whether a smartphone-based secondary prevention program can facilitate early physical activity and improve cardiovascular health in patients with ACS. Methods: We have developed a multi-faceted, patient-centred smartphone-based secondary prevention program emphasizing early physical activity with a graduated walking program initiated on discharge from ACS admission. The program incorporates; physical activity tracking through the smartphone's accelerometer with interactive feedback and goal setting; a dynamic dashboard to review and optimize cardiovascular risk factors; educational messages delivered twice weekly; a photographic food diary; pharmacotherapy review; and support through a short message service. The primary endpoint of the trial is change in exercise capacity, as measured by the change in six-minute walk test distance at 8-weeks when compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints include improvements in cardiovascular risk factor status, psychological well-being and quality of life, medication adherence, uptake of cardiac rehabilitation and re-hospitalizations. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will use a smartphone-phone based secondary prevention program to emphasize early physical activity post-ACS. It will provide evidence regarding the feasibility and utility of this innovative platform in closing the treatment gaps in secondary prevention. Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on April 4, 2016. The registration number is ACTRN12616000426482

SOX2 expression correlates with lymph-node metastases and distant spread in right-sided colon cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The transcription factor SOX2, which is involved in the induction of pluripotent stem cells and contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis, is associated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer (CC). Furthermore, SOX2 is a repressor of the transcriptional activity of β-catenin in vitro. Since the majority of CC develop via an activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, indicated by nuclear expression of β-catenin, we wanted to investigate the expression patterns of SOX2 and β-catenin and correlate them with the occurrence of lymph node and distant metastases as indicators of malignant progression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression of SOX2 and β-catenin was investigated in a case control study utilizing a matched pair collection (N = 114) of right-sided CCs with either corresponding distant metastases (N = 57) or without distant spread (N = 57) by applying immunohistochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Elevated protein expression of SOX2 significantly correlated with the presence of lymph node- (<it>p </it>= 0.006) and distant metastases (<it>p </it>= 0.022). Nuclear β-catenin expression correlated significantly only with distant metastases (<it>p </it>= 0.001). Less than 10% of cases showed a coexpression of high levels of β-catenin and SOX2. The positivity for both markers was also associated with a very high risk for lymph-node metastases (<it>p </it>= 0.007) and distant spread (<it>p </it>= 0.028).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We demonstrated that increased expression of either SOX2 or nuclear β-catenin are associated with distant metastases in right-sided CC. Additionally, SOX2 is also associated with lymph-node metastases. These data underline the importance of stemness-associated markers for the identification of CC with high risk for distant spread.</p