Canlandırma, Yerinden edilme, Yerine konma: Politik Mülksüzleştirmenin müşterek mekanları olarak Dede Bahçesi ve Kültürpark

Kentsel yeşil alanın erken Cumhuriyet dönemiyle birlikle modernizasyon projelerinden biri olan ve farklı kentlerde örneklerine rastladığımız kültürparklar 21. yüzyılın pratikleriyle birlikte pek çok değişime uğramıştır. Serbest zaman aktivitelerinin ve yeni mekansal arayışların sosyal ve kültürel pratiklerler içselleştirildiği örneklerinden biri de Konya Kültürpark projesidir. Temelleri Dede Bahçesi tarım alanı meyve ve nebatat bahçelerine dayanan alan 1960 ‘lı yıllarda yeniden çehrelendirilerek Konya Kültürpark ve Fuarı’na ve daha sonra 2008 yılında yıkılarak yeni Kültürpark’a dönüştürülür. Bu çalışma öncelikle 17. yüzyıldan itibaren Mevlevi dervişlerinin toplandığı ve cumhuriyetin kuruluşuna kadar sema gösterilerini gerçekleştirdiği Dede Bahçesi Köşkü ve mesire alanının kamusal modernite mekânına dönüşmesini mekansal pratikler üzerinden inceler. Dede Bahçesi’nin özel mülkten kamu mülkiyetine belediye denetimi ile birlikte geçmesi sonucu alanın algılanma biçimi ve çağrışımları da değişmiştir. Bu da dini ideolojilerin hâkim olduğu özerk bir bahçenin seküler bir kent parkı olarak imara açılma durumunu ve ihtiyacını sorgulatır. Bununla beraber çalışma bu el değiştirmeyi problematikleştirerek modernleşme politikaları çerçevesinde politik ideolojilerin değişmesiyle Dede Bahçesi’nin daha büyük ölçekte 1960’lardan itibaren eğlece pratiklerinin yeni formlarına dönüşerek canlanmasına sebep olan Kültürpark’ın mekansal oluşumunu inceler. Çalışmada daha sonra 1960 ve 70’li yılların modern dilinin yansıması olarak oluşturulan Konya Kültürpark’ın yerinden edilerek aynı alanda 2008 yılında yerine tekrar inşa edilen yeni bir kültürpark’ın farklılıkların ortaya koyar. Bu sayede tarihi gelişimi süresince birbirlerinin üzerine konumlandırılan,kendi içinde birbirini mülksüzleştiren ve günümüzde anımsanmayan mekanlar (Köşk, Tenis Kortları, Pergolalar, Gazino, Sergi ve Teşhir Salonları, Fuar Kompleksi vb.) vurgulanarak hatırlatılır. Farklı dönemlerde parkın tarihi ve mekansal gelişiminin yeniden yapılandırılmasını kronolojik sırayla ve sosyo- mekansal teorilerle birlikte mülksüzleştieme çerçevesi bağlamında ele alan bu çalışma benzerlikler ve farklılıklarla beraber kültürpark alanında yerinden edilenlerin veri haritalamasını ve görsellerini bir araya getirir. Bununla birlikte parktaki ideolojik mülksüzleşmenin anahatları toplumsal pratikler mekansal itibar ve uğraklıkla birlikte de irdelenmektedir

Comparison of the SCS-CN and Hydrograph Separation Method for Runoff Estimation in an Ungauged Basin: The Izmit Basin, Turke

The separation of surface runoff and base flow is a very specific problem in water balance calculations,particularly if there is not enough measured flow data. In this study, the SCS-CN method is used to estimate the surfacerunoff in the ungauged Izmit Basin. The CNs are estimated using the Hydrologic Soil Groups map, based on soil data ofthe General Directorate of Rural Services of Turkey and land use obtained from the CORINE-2006 database for differentAMCs. The surface runoff was computed using the SCS-CN method for the ungauged Izmit Basin that corresponds to17% and 21% of the rainfall, i.e. 134 mm (for Kocaeli Meteorological Station; rainfall=804 mm) and 171 mm (forSakarya Meteorological Station; rainfall=820 mm). According to SCS-CN method estimates, approximately 41-42% ofthe annual rainfall in the Izmit Basin directly contributes to the total streamflow, and 21-25% of it contributes to baseflow and unmeasured infiltration. To compare the results of the SCS-CN method along with hydrograph separationmethod, the gauged Yuvacık Dam Sub-Basin, which is hydro-meteorologically similar to the Izmit Basin, was selected.The results showed that 16% of the rainfall in the Yuvacık Dam Sub-Basin became surface runoff. Also, it was foundthat about 42% of the annual rainfall in the Yuvacık Dam Sub-Basin directly contributes to the total streamflow and 23%of it contributes to the base flow and unmeasured infiltration. These results confirm that the ratio of surface runoffobtained by the hydrograph separation method in the Yuvacık Dam Sub-Basin matches with the ratio of surface runoffcalculated using the SCS-CN method for the entire Izmit Basin

Effects of edentulism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edentulism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients.Materials and Methods: The study patients’ were selected from the Gaziantep University Sleep Clinic and Orthodontic Department archives between the years of 2009 and 2011. Study groups were determined according to age and edentulism, and the overall study population consisted of 42 (21 male, 21 female) OSAS patients. Data from 14 edentulous (Group I), 14 older dentate (Group II), and 14 middle‑aged dentate OSAS patients (Group III) were compared in this study. Polysomnographic parameters, which were measured and analyzed included: Sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep stage 1, sleep stage 2, sleep stage 3, percentage of rapid eye movement sleep, apnea‑hypopnea index, oxygen saturation and arousal index. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U statistical tests were used for comparing the differences between the three groups and subgroups.Results: Sleep time parameters showed significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05). Differences occurred between Group I and Group III in the sleep time parameter (P < 0.05), while the edentulous subjects showed lower mean sleep time values when compared to the older and middle‑aged dentate groups.Conclusion: According to our results, edentulism may not impact polysomnography parameters, with the exception of the sleep time parameter. Important attention should be given to edentulous individuals during sleep with their dentures to prevent OSAS complications. The use of dentures may prevent or protect patients from the predisposing factors of OSAS.Keywords: Dentures, edentulous, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, polysomnograph

Türkiye’de Bölgesel İnovasyon Etkinliği: Bootstrap VZA Analizi / Regional Innovation Efficiency in Turkey: Analysis of Bootstrap DEA

Sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümenin en önemli unsurlarından birinin inovasyon olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda ülkeler mevcut rekabet şartlarında güçlerini artırabilmek için Ar-Ge yatırımlarına ayrılan kaynağı yükseltmeye başlamışlardır. Bölgesel gelişmişlik düzeyinde farklılıkların giderilmesi açısından bakıldığında da yine inovasyonun en önemli girdisi olan Ar-Ge yatırımları, hedefleri doğru belirlemek için dikkat edilmesi gereken bir noktadır. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde teknolojik gelişim ve ticarileşme süreçlerinin başarıyla sonuçlanabilmesinde inovasyon performans ölçümleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2013-2020 dönemi için İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflaması (İBBS) Düzey 1’de yer alan 12 bölge kapsamında inovasyon etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla temel inovasyon girdi ve çıktıları kullanılarak Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Orijinal ve Bootstrap etkinlik analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, kullanılan girdi değişkenlerinin etkinlik üzerine etki dereceleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen inovasyon performas sonuçları bölgesel durumun ve farklılıkların ortaya konulması yönünde değerlendirilmiştir

Scaling up proven public health interventions through a locally owned and sustained leadership development programme in rural Upper Egypt

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>In 2002, the Egypt Ministry of Health and Population faced the challenge of improving access to and quality of services in rural Upper Egypt in the face of low morale among health workers and managers.</p> <p>From 1992 to 2000, the Ministry, with donor support, had succeeded in reducing the nationwide maternal mortality rate by 52%. Nevertheless, a gap remained between urban and rural areas.</p> <p>Case description</p> <p>In 2002, the Ministry, with funding from the United States Agency for International Development and assistance from Management Sciences for Health, introduced a Leadership Development Programme (LDP) in Aswan Governorate. The programme aimed to improve health services in three districts by increasing managers' ability to create high performing teams and lead them to achieve results.</p> <p>The programme introduced leadership and management practices and a methodology for identifying and addressing service delivery challenges. Ten teams of health workers participated.</p> <p>Discussion and evaluation</p> <p>In 2003, after participation in the LDP, the districts of Aswan, Daraw and Kom Ombo increased the number of new family planning visits by 36%, 68% and 20%, respectively. The number of prenatal and postpartum visits also rose.</p> <p>After the United States funding ended, local doctors and nurses scaled up the programme to 184 health care facilities (training more than 1000 health workers). From 2005 to 2007, the Leadership Development Programme participants in Aswan Governorate focused on reducing the maternal mortality rate as their annual goal. They reduced it from 85.0 per 100,000 live births to 35.5 per 100,000. The reduction in maternal mortality rate was much greater than in similar governorates in Egypt. Managers and teams across Aswan demonstrated their ability to scale up effective public health interventions though their increased commitment and ownership of service challenges.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>When teams learn and apply empowering leadership and management practices, they can transform the way they work together and develop their own solutions to complex public health challenges. Committed health teams can use local resources to scale up effective public health interventions.</p

Effects of Mandibular Third Molar Angulation and Position on Crowding

Objective:To test the hypothesis that there are no statistically significant differences between mandibular dental crowding and angulation and impaction depth of mandibular third molars.Materials and Method:In this study, the lateral cephalograms, panoramic radiographs, and dental casts of 48 patients (11 boys, 37 girls, mean age 17.10 ± 3.20 years) were evaluated. All patients had class 1 molar relationship, mild and moderate dental crowding, and no tooth loss or size anomaly. Three groups were established according to the mandibular third molar impaction depth on a panoramic radiograph. Group 1 (8 patients, mean age 22.3 ± 2.13 years), the occlusal surface of the impacted tooth is level or nearly level with the second molar; group 2 (16 patients, mean age 17 ± 2.33 years), the occlusal surface is between the occlusal plane and the cervical line of the second molar; and group 3 (24 patients, mean age 15.4 ± 1.76 years), the occlusal surface is below the cervical line of the second molar. Third molar angulation was measured with reference to the anterior angle between the occlusal plane of the first and second premolars and a line drawn through the occlusal surface of the third molar. Angulation and impaction depth of all right and left molars were compared with the mandibular dental crowding. Pearson correlation and 1-way ANOVA statistical analyses were used.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between impaction depth and total mandibular dental crowding (p> 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between both left and right third molar angulation and left or right dental crowding in all groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion:The present study indicated that mandibular third molar angulation and impaction depth have no effect on mandibular dental crowding

Heavy metal pollution in surface sediment and mussel samples in the Gulf of Gemlik

Sediment quality data provide essential information for evaluating ambient environmental quality conditions. An evaluation is presented of heavy metal pollution, on the basis of statistical analysis of metal concentrations from the sediments of the Gulf of Gemlik, southeastern Marmara Sea, Turkey, which has been subject to high levels of pollution. The ranges for heavy metal concentrations (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) at the 63 μm fractions. Not only large industrialized seaports but also resort areas throughout the Gulf are flagged as hotspots for elevated concentrations, generally higher compared to those from the other Turkish marine environment. The highest concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Ni were measured in the outer part of the Gulf, while the highest concentrations of Cu were documented offshore the main rivers. While the concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni in some stations approach the severe effect level given in various sediment quality guidelines, the concentrations of the most human-related metals (Cd and Zn) in the mussels collected from the Port Mudanya were higher than the acceptable values for human consumption set by various health organizations.The research fund of the Istanbul University; project UDP-200

Fast kilovoltage-switching dual-energy CT offering lower x-ray dose than single-energy CT for the chest: a quantitative and qualitative comparison study of the two methods of acquisition

PURPOSEWe aimed to compare the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE), computed tomography (CT) dose indices and image quality parameters of the chest CTs obtained with fast kilovoltage-switching (FKS) dual-energy (DE) CT versus those with single-energy (SE) CT.METHODSPatients who had chest SECT within the last 6 months were prospectively scanned with chest FKS-DECT. Quantitative comparison was made by calculating the mean SSDE, CTDIvol, contrast, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both acquisitions. Two radiologists evaluated the chest SECT and DECT images qualitatively blinded to the technique used. The paired Student’s t test was utilized for comparing the quantitative and qualitative data. Inter- and intraobserver agreement were also assessed.RESULTSA total of 42 patients were included. The mean SSDE, CTDIvol, contrast, noise, CNR, and SNR for SECT versus DECT were 12.7±2.2 mGy vs. 9.3±1.2 mGy (P = 0.001), 10.9±2.4 mGy vs. 8±1.2 mGy (P < 0.001), 211.9±44.7 vs. 216.3±59 (P = 0.350), 12.9±2.4 vs. 13.9±3.7 (P = 0.086), 13.5±5.2 vs. 13.3±8.4 (P = 0.548) and 12±3.5 vs. 11.5±3.4 (P = 0.774), respectively. Interobserver reproducibility was high for contrast, noise, CNR, and SNR (ICC = 0.89, 0.85, 0.93, and 0.82, respectively; all P < 0.05). Intraobserver reproducibility was high for contrast, noise, CNR, and SNR (ICC = 0.80, 0.77, 0.85, and 0.88, respectively; all P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe mean SSDE of the chest CTs obtained with FKS-DECT were 26.8% lower than those with SECT with significant difference for the objective assessment and there was no significant difference for the subjective assessment of the image qualities, in this series