48 research outputs found
Child welfare policy and practice on children's exposure to domestic violence
There are emerging movements in several countries to improve policy and practice to protect children from exposure to domestic violence. These movements have resulted in the collection of new data on EDV and the design and implementation of new child welfare policies and practices. To assist with the development of child welfare practice, this article summarizes current knowledge on the prevalence of EDV, and on child welfare services policies and practices that may hold promise for reducing the frequency and impact of EDV on children. We focus on Australia, Canada, and the United States, as these countries share a similar socio-legal context, a long history of enacting and expanding legislation about reporting of maltreatment, debates regarding the application of reporting laws to EDV, and new child welfare practices that show promise for responding more effectively to EDV
Suicide in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: a time trend analysis from 1981 to 2018
Background: The suicide rate in Canada decreased by 24% during the past four decades. However, rates vary
between provinces and territories, and not all jurisdictions experienced the same changes. This study examined
suicide rates over time in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Methods: We used cross-sectional surveillance data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database to examine
suicide rates in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1981 to 2018. We calculated annual age-standardized suicide
mortality rates and used joinpoint regression to estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in suicide
rates overall and by sex, age group, and means of suicide.
Results: From 1981 to 2018, 1759 deaths by suicide were recorded among people in Newfoundland and Labrador.
The age-standardized suicide mortality rate increased more than threefold over the study period, from 4.6 to 15.4
deaths per 100,000. The suicide rate was higher among males than females, and accounted for 83.1% of suicide
deaths (n = 1462); the male-to-female ratio of suicide deaths was 4.9 to 1. The average annual percent change in
suicide rates was higher among females than males (6.3% versus 2.0%). Age-specific suicide rates increased
significantly for all age groups, except seniors (aged 65 or older); the largest increase was among youth aged 10 to
24 years old (AAPC 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6 to 5.5). The predominant means of suicide was hanging/strangulation/
suffocation, which accounted for 43.8% of all deaths by suicide.
Conclusions: The suicide rate in Newfoundland and Labrador increased steadily between 1981 and 2018, which
was in contrast to the national rate decline. The disparity between the provincial and national suicide rates and the
variations by sex and age underscore the need for a public health approach to prevention that accounts for
geographic and demographic differences in the epidemiology of suicide
Child maltreatment data:A summary of progress, prospects and challenges
Background: In 1996, the ISPCAN Working Group on Child Maltreatment Data (ISPCAN-WGCMD)
was established to provide an international forum in which individuals, who deal with child
maltreatment data in their respective professional roles, can share concerns and solutions.
Objective: This commentary describes some of the key features and the status of child maltreatment
related data collection addressed by the ISPCAN-WGCMD.
Methods: Different types of data collection methods including self-report, sentinel, and administrative
data designs are described as well as how they address different needs for information to
help understand child maltreatment and systems of prevention and intervention.
Results: While still lacking in many parts of the world, access to child maltreatment data has
become much more widespread, and in many places a very sophisticated undertaking.
Conclusion: The ISPCAN-WGCMD has been an important forum for supporting the continued
development and improvement in the global effort to understand and combat child maltreatment
thus contributing to the long term goals of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Nevertheless, based on what has been learned, even greater efforts are required to improve data
in order to effectively combat child maltreatment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Global research priorities for interpersonal violence prevention: A modified Delphi study
© 2017, World Health Organization. All rights reserved. Objective To establish global research priorities for interpersonal violence prevention using a systematic approach. Methods Research priorities were identified in a three-round process involving two surveys. In round 1, 95 global experts in violence prevention proposed research questions to be ranked in round 2. Questions were collated and organized according to the four-step public health approach to violence prevention. In round 2, 280 international experts ranked the importance of research in the four steps, and the various substeps, of the public health approach. In round 3, 131 international experts ranked the importance of detailed research questions on the public health step awarded the highest priority in round 2. Findings In round 2, âdeveloping, implementing and evaluating interventionsâ was the step of the public health approach awarded the highest priority for four of the six types of violence considered (i.e. child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, armed violence and sexual violence) but not for youth violence or elder abuse. In contrast, âscaling up interventions and evaluating their cost-effectivenessâ was ranked lowest for all types of violence. In round 3, research into âdeveloping, implementing and evaluating interventionsâ that addressed parenting or laws to regulate the use of firearms was awarded the highest priority. The key limitations of the study were response and attrition rates among survey respondents. However, these rates were in line with similar priority-setting exercises. Conclusion These findings suggest it is premature to scale up violence prevention interventions. Developing and evaluating smaller-scale interventions should be the funding priority
Ăditorial - L'Ătude canadienne sur l'incidence des signalements de cas de violence et de nĂ©gligence envers les enfants : un partenariat
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Editorial - The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect: a partnership
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Ăditorial - Partenariat entre les infirmiĂšres et les familles : une santĂ© publique fondĂ©e sur les donnĂ©es probantes pour lutter contre la violence envers les enfants
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Editorial - The Nurse-Family Partnership: evidence-based public health in response to child maltreatment
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Commentary: Exploring the complex links between violence, mental health, and substance abuse - from correlates, through risk factors, towards causal pathways
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