International Mission Centre (IMC) Universitas Kritsten Inonesia Paulus (UKIP) Makassar

This writing depicts the future vision of religion in Indonesia. The methodology of the writing is using futurology analyzes to predict the condition of Indonesian religion in the future.  Religion is one of the crucial problems in society and state, because it has role at living humanity. When religion to be harmony, the state and society harmony too. Meanwhile, the state is not harmony when religion or its followers are not harmony. The social involvement have to be undertaken the cooperation of religious as institution to promote justice, equal right, and prosperity. Therefore, the most important aspect that has to be promoted in Indonesia is not religious flash, but solidarity in promoting justice and prosperity

SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE:Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction

For correct chromosome segregation in mitosis, eukaryotic cells must establish chromosome biorientation where sister kinetochores attach to microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles. To establish biorientation, any aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved in the process called error correction. For resolution of the aberrant interactions in error correction, kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be exchanged until biorientation is formed (the SWAP process). At initiation of biorientation, the state of weak kinetochore–microtubule interactions should be converted to the state of stable interactions (the SWITCH process)—the conundrum of this conversion is called the initiation problem of biorientation. Once biorientation is established, tension is applied on kinetochore–microtubule interactions, which stabilizes the interactions (the STABILIZE process). Aurora B kinase plays central roles in promoting error correction, and Mps1 kinase and Stu2 microtubule polymerase also play important roles. In this article, we review mechanisms of error correction by considering the SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE processes. We mainly focus on mechanisms found in budding yeast, where only one microtubule attaches to a single kinetochore at biorientation, making the error correction mechanisms relatively simpler

Essays on Government Debt and Sovereign Default

The first chapter presents a sovereign default model to study how a monetary backstop affects the sustainable level of government debt and household welfare. The model features a government that adjusts fiscal policy infrequently. The monetary backstop can lift the government's debt limit, giving the government more room to roll over its debt until it can adjust fiscal policy. The model can explain the long-run cycles of government debt-to-GDP ratios for a group of advanced economies. The quantitative analysis shows that the benefit of using a monetary backstop to avoid default outweighs the cost of inflation. A monetary backstop improves household welfare. The second chapter studies how the government’s sovereign borrowing and default decisions and the financial sector's health are affected by inequality among households. We extend a model of endogenous sovereign default and financial sector crises to include agents’ heterogeneity. Our results show that income inequality increases both the likelihood of sovereign default and financial crisis and reduces the level of policy response to financial instability risks. Tax progressivity is useful in restoring the efficiency of government guarantees. The third chapter studies how the economic fundamentals of local government and regulatory policies affect the risk of local government finance vehicle (LGFV) debt. I find that LGFVs become riskier as the local government accumulates more debt, regardless of whether the local government borrows directly from investors or indirectly through LGFVs. In addition, I examine how regulatory policy announcements impact the riskiness of LGFV debt. I find that regulatory policies significantly increase the yield spread of LGFV debt. Counterintuitively, the effect of regulatory policy is stronger for local governments with a lower debt-to-GDP ratio. I propose a model to show that the results can be explained by the seniority of official government debt over LGFV debt

Dynamical Scenarios for Chromosome Bi-orientation

AbstractChromosome bi-orientation at the metaphase spindle is essential for precise segregation of the genetic material. The process is error-prone, and error-correction mechanisms exist to switch misaligned chromosomes to the correct, bi-oriented configuration. Here, we analyze several possible dynamical scenarios to explore how cells might achieve correct bi-orientation in an efficient and robust manner. We first illustrate that tension-mediated feedback between the sister kinetochores can give rise to a bistable switch, which allows robust distinction between a loose attachment with low tension and a strong attachment with high tension. However, this mechanism has difficulties in explaining how bi-orientation is initiated starting from unattached kinetochores. We propose four possible mechanisms to overcome this problem (exploiting molecular noise; allowing an efficient attachment of kinetochores already in the absence of tension; a trial-and-error oscillation; and a stochastic bistable switch), and assess their impact on the bi-orientation process. Based on our results and supported by experimental data, we put forward a trial-and-error oscillation and a stochastic bistable switch as two elegant mechanisms with the potential to promote bi-orientation both efficiently and robustly

Selection for Improved Growth and Wood Density in Lodgepole Pine: Effects on Radial Patterns of Wood Variation

Changes in growth and wood density traits were investigated across annual rings of 12-year-old trees from four selected subpopulations in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud var. latifolia Engelm) based on X-ray densitometry profile data. Four subpopulations were constructed based on height growth and wood density as follows: 1) fast growth and high wood density (FH); 2) slow growth and high density (SH); 3) fast growth and low density (FL); and 4) slow growth and low density (SL). Annual ring density was initially high, declined with age until age 10, and then plateaued. Significant differences among subpopulations were found for ring density, earlywood and latewood densities, ring width, earlywood width, latewood proportion, and earlywood width after age 6. Wood density decreased less from the pith to the bark in both overall and earlywood densities in the FH subpopulation, resulting in denser, more homogeneous wood than in other subpopulations. This suggests that it may be possible to increase wood density and homogeneity in juvenile wood of this species by selecting FH families. Overall ring density may be better improved by selecting for earlywood and latewood components separately. The earliest age of which families combining fast growth and high wood density can be accurately identified is about 7 years

PENGARUH BELANJA MODAL DAN PENYERTAAN MODAL DAERAH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN TAHUN 2016-2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor, yaitu belanja modal dan penyertaan modal daerah terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah dengan subjek penelitian yang berbeda dengan peneliti terdahulu. Dalam penelitian ini, subjek yang digunakan adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2016-2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris kuantitatif menggunakan uji hipotesis statistik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 120 sampel yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan mengakses data arsip dari website Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan Kementerian Keuangan (djpk.kemenkeu.go.id). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja modal berpengaruh positif terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah, sedangkan penyertaan modal daerah tidak berpengaruh terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daera

High-stability tin/carbon battery electrodes produced using reduction expansion synthesis

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.This study shows high stability Sn (10 wt %)/carbon Li-ion battery anodes can be made via the Reduction Expansion Synthesis (RES) process. Hybrid Sn/C anodes had an initial capacity of 425 mAh g-1 which stabilized to ~340 mAh g-1 after less than 10 cycles. Unlike earlier Sn/C anodes, capacity remained virtually constant for more than 180 additional cycles. Neat carbon independently tested for Li capacity had a steady specific capacity of 280 mAh g-1. The difference detected between the pure carbon and Sn/C cases are consistent with Sn having the theoretical capacity of ~1000 mAh g-1. The high stability of the RES derived anodes, relative to earlier Sn based electrodes, is postulated to exist because RES synthesis enables the formation of direct, strong bond between Sn and carbon substrate atoms, hence reducing the rate of Sn electrode disintegration and capacity fade due to expansion upon lithiation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are consistent with this postulate as both show an initial Sn particles size of only a few nanometers and minimal growth after cycling. Reduced interface resistance is also indicative of unique Sn-carbon bond.Office of Naval Research for supporting this project under Naval Enterprise Partnership Teaming with Universities for National Excellence at Purdue Center for Power and Energy ResearchGrant number N00014-15-1-283

Two heads are better than one: current landscape of integrating QSP and machine learning

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling is applied to address essential questions in drug development, such as the mechanism of action of a therapeutic agent and the progression of disease. Meanwhile, machine learning (ML) approaches also contribute to answering these questions via the analysis of multi-layer ‘omics’ data such as gene expression, proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput imaging. Furthermore, ML approaches can also be applied to aspects of QSP modeling. Both approaches are powerful tools and there is considerable interest in integrating QSP modeling and ML. So far, a few successful implementations have been carried out from which we have learned about how each approach can overcome unique limitations of the other. The QSP ? ML working group of the International Society of Pharmacometrics QSP Special Interest Group was convened in September, 2019 to identify and begin realizing new opportunities in QSP and ML integration. The working group, which comprises 21 members representing 18 academic and industry organizations, has identified four categories of current research activity which will be described herein together with case studies of applications to drug development decision making. The working group also concluded that the integration of QSP and ML is still in its early stages of moving from evaluating available technical tools to building case studies. This paper reports on this fast-moving field and serves as a foundation for future codification of best practices