MANUTENÇÃO DO PODER GERMINATIVO E DA VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA DE SEMENTES DE TRIGO DE CULTIVAR FRONTANA

The study aimed to evaluate the germination throughout the storage time, and estimate the maintenance of genetic variability after cycles of regenerations / multiplications access wheat. The study was conducted at EmbrapaTrigo, Passo Fundo, RS. The progress of the study occurred from seeds of wheat cultivar Frontana obtained six regenerations / multiplications performed and stored over the past 29 years in BAG-Wheat. Testing of seed germination and the analysis was carried out by molecular markers. Germination of seeds has remained at satisfactory levels for over 20 years. The process of regeneration / multiplication see keeping the genetic characteristics of access.O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o poder germinativo ao longo do tempo de armazenamento, e estimar a manutenção da variabilidade genética após ciclos de regenerações e multiplicações de um acesso de trigo. Otrabalho foi realizado na Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS. O andamento do estudo se deu a partir de sementes de trigo de cultivar Frontana, obtidas de seis regenerações e multiplicações realizadas e armazenadas ao longo dos ultimos 29 anos no BAG-Trigo. Foi realizado o teste de germinação das sementes e a análise dos marcadores moleculares. O poder germinativo das sementes tem se mantido a níveis satisfatórios por mais de 20 anos. O processo de regeneração e multiplicação veem mantendo as características genéticas do acesso

Enraizamento de miniestacas e qualidade de mudas de Cordia trichotoma

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentration, substrate composition and volume, and propagule type on the adventitious rooting and quality of Cordia trichotoma plantlets produced by mini-cuttings. Mini-cuttings were evaluated for rooting percentage and root number and length at 30 and 60 days of cultivation. Plantlets were evaluated for shoot height and stem diameter at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of cultivation. The Dickson quality index, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots were also determined at 120 days of cultivation. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with six replicates, in a greenhouse, evaluating different concentrations of IBA, substrate composition and volume, and propagule type for adventitious rooting. Plantlets of C. trichotoma can be produced with quality and proper rooting from mini-cuttings with one or two buds or multiple buds (apical) when treated with 3,000 mg L-1 IBA and planted in 110 cm3 tubes containing equal proportions of substrate and vermiculite.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB), a composição e o volume do substrato, e o tipo de propágulo no enraizamento adventício e na qualidade de mudas de Cordia trichotoma produzidas por miniestaquia. As miniestacas foram avaliadas quanto à percentagem de enraizamento e número e comprimento de raízes aos 30 e 60 dias de cultivo. Já as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do colo aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de cultivo. O índice de qualidade de Dickson, o número de folhas, e a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes também foram determinados aos 120 dias de cultivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, em casa de vegetação, tendo-se avaliado diferentes concentrações de AIB, composição e volume do substrato, e tipo de propágulo no enraizamento adventício. As mudas de C. trichotoma podem ser produzidas com qualidade e enraizamento adequado a partir de miniestacas de uma ou duas gemas ou de múltiplas gemas (apicais) quando tratadas com 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB e plantadas em tubetes de 110 cm3 contendo igual proporção de substrato comercial e vermiculita

DINÂMICA DA CHUVA DE SEMENTES EM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SUBTROPICAL

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the seed rain in two Floristic groups formed in a remnant of Subtropical Seasonal Forest. The clusters were characterized by successional stage of the forest, namely group I (Secondary Forest in Intermediate Stage-FSEM), with a predominance of early secondary species, and group II (Secondary Forest in Advanced Stage-FSEA), with a predominance of late secondary species. Seed rain was evaluated in 70 collectors of 1 m², randomly distributed in the two groups, whereas in group I were installed 15 collectors and in group II, due to its greater area, 55 collectors. The deposited material was collected monthly from October 2008 to October 2010. The dynamics of seed rain was assessed by the density of seeds of each species of dispersal and seasonal production. We used the nonparametric Test of Wilcoxon Sum of Orders (W) to determine statistical differences in the mean density of seeds in each year of assessment for each patch of forest. Seed rain in the remaining studied during three years of study, was represented by 114 species and higher seed production occurred in 2008 (1632-seeds.m-2 in group I and 1270-seeds.m-2 in group II), mainly due to the occurrence of high production Chusquea ramosissima Lindm., Dasyphyllum spinescens (Less.) Cabrera, Vernonanthura discolor (Spreng.) H.Rob. Only in the second year (2009) observed statistical differences in mean density between the two groups (FSEM=565.6 seeds.m-2 and FSEA=274 seeds.m-2; Z=1.96 and tabulated; W FSEM x FSEA =2.248). Zoochorous species predominated in the study area, and periods of increased seed production were the winter and spring. The seed rain proved important mechanism for natural regeneration of remnant forest and is affected by climate conditions and successional stage of the forest.O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a dinâmica da chuva de sementes em dois agrupamentos florísticos formados em um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Subtropical. Os agrupamentos foram caracterizados pelo estágio sucessional da floresta, denominados de grupo I (Floresta Secundária em Estágio Médio - FSEM), com predomínio de espécies secundárias iniciais; e o grupo II (Floresta Secundária em Estágio Avançado - FSEA), com predomínio de espécies secundárias tardias. A chuva de sementes (CS) foi avaliada em 70 coletores de 1 m², distribuídos de forma aleatória nos dois agrupamentos, sendo que no grupo I foram instalados 15 coletores e no grupo II, por apresentar maior área, 55 coletores. O material depositado foi coletado mensalmente, no período de outubro de 2008 a outubro de 2010. A dinâmica da CS foi avaliada pela densidade de sementes de cada espécie, síndrome de dispersão e sazonalidade da produção. Utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico da Soma das Ordens de Wilcoxon (W) para verificar diferenças estatísticas nas médias de densidade de sementes em cada ano de avaliação para cada trecho de floresta. A chuva de sementes do remanescente estudado, durante os três anos de estudo, foi representada por 114 espécies e a maior produção de sementes ocorreu em 2008 (1632 sem.m-² no grupo I e 1270 sem.m-² no grupo II), principalmente devido à ocorrência da alta produção de Chusquea ramosissima Lindm., Dasyphyllum spinescens (Less.) Cabrera, Vernonanthura discolor (Spreng.) H.Rob. Somente no segundo ano (2009) observaram-se diferenças estatísticas nas médias de densidade entre os dois grupos analisados (FSEM=565,6 sem.m-2 e FSEA=274 sem.m-2; Z tabelado =1,96 e W FSEM x FSEA = 2,248). As espécies zoocóricas predominaram na área de estudo, e os períodos de maior produção de sementes foram o inverno e a primavera. A CS mostrou-se importante mecanismo de regeneração natural para o remanescente de floresta, sendo afetado pelas condições climáticas e estágio sucessional da floresta

Effects of Brown and Green Propolis on Bond Strength of Fiberglass Posts to Root Canal Dentin

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of brown and green propolis on bond strength of the fiberglass posts to root canal dentin, and to compare it with conventional endodontic irrigants. Methods and Materials: Sixty bovine teeth were selected, decoronated and randomly distributed into six groups (n=10), according to the irrigation solution: 0.9% saline solution (Control); 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); 5% malic acid (MA); 0.5% ethanolic extract of brown propolis (BP); 0.25% ethanolic extract of green propolis (GP); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). After root canal treatment, fiber posts were cemented into prepared root canals with a self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were cross-sectioned to obtain two discs from each third and submitted to the micro push-out test. Failure patterns were evaluated under optical microscopy. The influence of irrigants agents was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell’s test (α=0.05). Failure modes were analyzed using Fischer’s exact test (α=0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P<0.05). The control, NaOCl and BP groups showed the highest bond strength with no statistically significant difference between them (P>0.05). Adhesive failure type was the predominant in all groups. Conclusion: Based on this in vitro study, the use of 0.5% brown propolis did not influence the bond strength of fiberglass posts to root canal dentin, while the use of 0.25% green propolis did affect it negatively

Perfil dos usuários do Restaurante Popular da região centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of consumers of the popular restaurant Dom Ivo Lorscheiter (RPDIL) located in Santa Maria - RS. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire applied to 165 consumers in the restaurant during the period of 17 to 20 June 2013. The results show that most consumers are male, unmarried and aged between 16-25 years and above 56 years. Have a monthly average income between 1 and 1,5 minimum wages and are willing to pay R$5,00 per meal at another restaurant. We conclude that the popular restaurant meets its social role as anyone in the population may have access to subsidized meals. Moreover, the monetary benefit generated daily by the restaurant to the consumers totalized R$ 1,593.75, which may be appropriated by the consumers in the form of welfare and health. O objetivo desse trabalho consiste em analisar o perfil de usuários do restaurante popular Dom Ivo Lorscheiter (RPDIL) localizado no município de Santa Maria - RS. Os dados primários foram obtidos mediante aplicação de questionário estruturado para 165 consumidores do restaurante durante o período de 17 a 20 de junho de 2013. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos usuários é do sexo masculino, solteiros e com idade entre 16-25 anos e acima de 56 anos. Possuem em média uma renda mensal entre 1 e 1,5 salários mínimos e estão dispostos a pagar R$5,00 por uma refeição em outro restaurante. Conclui-se que o restaurante popular cumpre com o seu papel social à medida que qualquer pessoa da população pode ter acesso às refeições subsidiadas. Além disso, o benefício monetário gerado diariamente aos usuários pelo restaurante soma R$1.593,75, o qual pode ser apropriado pelos consumidores sob a forma de bem-estar e saúde

In vitro sensitivity of potato plants to cadmium exposure

ABSTRACT: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is extremely dangerous to human health and can be found naturally in soils, deposited through industrial waste or phosphate fertilization. In this study, we evaluated the morphological responses of in vitro grown plants of potato in the presence of Cd, and define a procedure for assessing Cd sensitivity of different clones. The potato clone SMIJ461-1 was cultured in the presence of Cd at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 110, 120, 140, and 160 µM. Survival, rooting, number and height of shoots, leaf and root counts were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of cultivation. Adverse effects of Cd on the growth of the potato plants, exerted in a concentration-dependent manner, were observed for shoot height, leaf and root counts. Results of this study indicated that Cd concentrations of 0, 45, 90, and 135 µM can be used for future in vitro evaluation of potato clone sensitivity to Cd exposure

ANÁLISE DE AGRUPAMENTOS EM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL

This study intended to analyze the presence of clusters in the vegetation of Seasonal Deciduous Forest remnants, characterized as a concave enclave, on steep sandy soil, among the region’s characteristic fields. Shrub and tree specimens with CBH (circumference at breast height) ≥ 15 cm were sampled in two size classes. In class I (CBH ≥ 30 cm) specimen sampling, we used fourteen 20 x 100 m plots, divided into sub-plots (10 x 10 m). Class II (15 ≤ CBH < 30 cm) specimens were observed in 70 sub-portions. We used the TWINSPAN program to analyze the clusters, which indicated two well-defined clusters in class I (G1 and G2) and one relatively homogenous cluster in class II (understorey). There were Trichilia claussenii, Cupania vernalis and Crysophyllum marginatum indicator species in the G1 cluster; and Luehea divaricata and Sebastiania commersoniana in the G2 cluster. Regarding to horizontal structure, these species were among the three most important ones in both clusters. In the understorey, the most important species were Actinostemon concolor, Trichilia claussenii, Trichilia elegans, Eugenia rostrifolia and Sorocea bonplandii. Since these species prevail in the tree vegetation, they are fundamental to stabilize hillsides, considering that they are adapted to steep and shallow soil areas, pointing out the Cupania vernalis and Trichilia claussenii in less modified environments and the Luehea divaricata and Sebastiania commersoniana in environments more susceptible to interference.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819682O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a presença de agrupamentos na vegetação de um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Decidual, caracterizado como um enclave côncavo, em terreno com declividade acentuada e solo arenoso, entre campos característicos da região. As espécies arbóreas e arbustivas com CAP (circunferência a altura de 1,3 m do solo) ≥ 15 cm foram amostradas em duas classes de tamanho. Na amostragem dos indivíduos da Classe I (CAP ≥ 30 cm) foram utilizadas 14 parcelas de 20 x 100 m, divididas em subparcelas (10 x 10 m). Os indivíduos da Classe II (15 ≤ CAP < 30 cm) foram observados em 70 subparcelas. Para análise de agrupamentos foi utilizado o programa TWINSPAN, que indicou dois grupos (G1 e G2) bem definidos na Classe I e um grupo relativamente homogêneo na Classe II (sub-bosque). No grupo G1 ocorreram as espécies indicadoras Trichilia claussenii, Cupania vernalis e Crysophyllum marginatum; e no grupo G2 Luehea divaricata e Sebastiania commersoniana. Em relação à estrutura horizontal, essas espécies estiveram entre as três mais importantes nos respectivos grupos. No sub-bosque, as espécies com maior valor de importância foram Actinostemon concolor, Trichilia claussenii, Trichilia elegans, Eugenia rostrifolia e Sorocea bonplandii. Essas espécies, por predominarem na vegetação arbórea, apresentam papel fundamental na estabilização de encostas, considerando que estão adaptadas às áreas com declividade acentuada e solos rasos, destacando-se Cupania vernalis e Trichilia claussenii em ambientes menos alterados e Luehea divaricata e Sebastiania commersoniana em ambientes mais susceptíveis às interferências

Storage and germination of seeds of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart.) Mattos

The aim of this study was to determine the substrate and the most suitable sowing method for germination, as well as the environment for storage of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds (ip&#234;-roxo), and infer the health quality provided by different packaging. Experiment 1 has assessed the treatments (substrates - blotting paper, filter paper, vermiculite, sand, besides paper roll; and sowing methods - among and on the substrates). Experiment 2 has assessed storage in three environments (air conditioned room - 18 &#176;C and 49% of relative humidity (RH); cold and wet chamber - 8 &#176;C and 80% RH; and dry and cold chamber - 7.5 &#186;C and 55% RH) , for 300 days. Handroanthus heptaphyllus seed germination test can be performed using seeding among blotting paper, vermiculite, on sand, between sand, on vermiculite and between filter paper. The storage of the seeds in plastic bags kept in an air conditioned room and/or in a dry and cold chamber is suitable for the preservation of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds for a period of 300 days. The packaging in a dry and cold chamber environment has provided a lower incidence of fungi associated with the Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds

Storage and germination of seeds of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart.) Mattos

The aim of this study was to determine the substrate and the most suitable sowing method for germination, as well as the environment for storage of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds (ipê-roxo), and infer the health quality provided by different packaging. Experiment 1 has assessed the treatments (substrates - blotting paper, filter paper, vermiculite, sand, besides paper roll; and sowing methods - among and on the substrates). Experiment 2 has assessed storage in three environments (air conditioned room - 18 °C and 49% of relative humidity (RH); cold and wet chamber - 8 °C and 80% RH; and dry and cold chamber - 7.5 ºC and 55% RH) , for 300 days. Handroanthus heptaphyllus seed germination test can be performed using seeding among blotting paper, vermiculite, on sand, between sand, on vermiculite and between filter paper. The storage of the seeds in plastic bags kept in an air conditioned room and/or in a dry and cold chamber is suitable for the preservation of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds for a period of 300 days. The packaging in a dry and cold chamber environment has provided a lower incidence of fungi associated with the Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds