Modélisation et simulation d'un système de jumelage éolien-diesel alimentant une charge locale

Le présent mémoire porte sur la modélisation d'un système de jumelage éolien-diesel (SJED) alimentant une charge locale. Le système proposé met en œuvre une turbine éolienne, connectée à un générateur diesel qui alimente une charge locale. Un tel système est généralement utilisé en régions éloignées et difficiles d'accès et permet, de réduire de manière significative la production diesel. On obtient ainsi une réduction de la pollution et des coûts de production de l'énergie électrique. Dans un premier temps, le présent rapport expose le contexte et les motivations socioéconomiques du sujet. Par la suite sont inventoriés les principaux problèmes techniques liés aux systèmes de jumelage éolien-diésel. Afin de mieux répondre aux objectifs définis pour ce travail de maîtrise, l'étude et la modélisation du système sont organisés en quatre points clés: (1) une définition abondante de la revue la littérature, des concepts généraux liés au jumelage éolien-diésel et des outils mathématiques et numériques d'analyse de base, (2) l'analyse et la modélisation du générateur diesel, (3) celle de la turbine éolienne, ( 4) et enfin, l'interconnexion des générateurs éolien et diésel. Chaque point décrit les équations dynamiques du sous-système considéré et l'organise sous forme de modèle d'état ou de fonction de transfert. Les modèles dynamiques développés ont été simulés à l'aide du logiciel Matlab/Simulink. Des valeurs typiques, couramment employés dans la littérature, ont été utilisés. Faute de relevés et de données techniques concrètes sur des systèmes de jumelage éolien-diesel existants, les modèles développés ont été validés de manière croisée, en comparant les résultats obtenus à ceux tirés de la littérature scientifique. This thesis focuses on the modeling of a wind-diesel cogeneration system feeding a local load. The proposed system implements a wind turbine, connected to a diesel generator that supplies an electrical load. Such a system is commonly used in remote areas and allows the reduction of the diesel energy production. This yields a reduction of pollution and production costs of the electrical energy. At first, this report describes the socio-economic context and motivations of the subject. Thereafter, are inventoried the main technical issues related to wind-diesel co generation plants. To better me et the objectives of this work, study and mode ling of the system are organized into four key points: (1) a literature review based on general concepts related to wind-diesel systems and mathematical/numerical analysis tools; (2) the analysis and modeling of diesel generator, (3) of the wind turbine; (4) and finally, the interconnection of wind and diesel generators. Each point describes the dynamic equations, organized in the form of state model or transfer function, of the considered subsystem. Developed dynamic models were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Typical values, commonly used in the literature, were used. Due to the lack of records and technical data on existing specifie wind-diesel system, developed models were cross-validated, comparing the simulation results with those from the literature

Contribution à la mise en oeuvre et à la commande d'un microréseau de cogénération modulaire (injection de puissance et stabilisation de fréquence)

Les dernières décennies ont été marquées par une prise de conscience mondiale sur les envolées du cours des énergies primaires et la multiplication des dérèglements climatiques. L'une des pistes de solution les plus prometteuses consiste à développer et à adopter de nouveaux modes de production et d'exploitation de l'énergie électrique. L'orientation du développement des réseaux actuels vers les réseaux plus intelligents ("Smartgrid") constitue une piste de solution âprement explorée par la communauté scientifique à travers la planète. Dans la même veine, la présente thèse est une contribution au développement et au déploiement des microréseaux électriques (MRE) qui sont l'implémentation à une échelle réduite des concepts liés aux réseaux intelligents. Basé sur une littérature scientifique très fournie sur le sujet, ce travail représente un défi multidisciplinaire proposant un ensemble de solutions éprouvées en laboratoire. La première contribution de cette thèse est la conception et la construction d'un prototype pour l'étude en laboratoire des microréseaux électriques. Un tel équipement est un atout majeur dans l'étude de l'interaction entre les différentes composantes d'un réseau intelligent. Ce dernier a permis la mise en oeuvre d'une procédure d'identification des paramètres du générateur diesel qui est la pierre angulaire de l'alimentation en énergie des régions isolées, notamment au Nord du Québec (Îles-de-la-Madeleine). En outre, cette thèse présente une étude détaillée du système de stockage inertiel comme solution de stabilisation à court terme de la fréquence du MRE opérant en mode autonome. À partir des résultats pratiques obtenus sur le prototype construit, elle propose des solutions améliorant la dynamique d'injection de puissances (actives et réactives) à l'aide des onduleurs de support synchronisés au MRE. The last decades have been marked by a global awareness of the surge in primary energy prices and the proliferation of climate disruption. One of the most promising solutions is to develop and adopt new paradigms of production and exploitation of the electrical energy. The development of current electrical grids towards smarter networks, the smartgrid paradigm, is a solution track that has been fiercely explored by the scientific community around the world. In the same vein, this thesis is a contribution to the development and deployment of micro-grids, which are the implementation on a small scale of concepts related to smart grids. Based on a rich scientific literature on the subject, this work represents a multidisciplinary challenge proposing a set of proven solutions in the laboratory. Gearing up in this direction, the present thesis is a contribution to the development and deployment of Microgrids, which are the implementation on a small scale of concepts related to the smartgrids paradigm. Based on a rich scientific literature, this work represents a multidisciplinary challenge proposing a set of proven solutions in the laboratory. The first contribution of this thesis is the design and construction of a microgrid's prototype for laboratory studies and suitable for the training. Such equipment is an essential asset in the study of interactions between components of the microgrid that has allowed the implementation of a procedure for identifying the parameters of a diesel genset, which is the cornerstone of the power supply in remote areas, particularly in the Magdalen Islands, in northern Quebec. This thesis also presents a detailed study of a flywheel energy storage system, as a short-term stabilization solution, and proposes improvements of the grid-support-inverter, tied to the microgrid for the active and reactive powers injection

Online Grid Support Inverter Parameters Identification Using Extended Kalman Filters

Given the increasing integration of renewable energy sources into existing grids, power injection using Grid Supporting Inverters (GSIs) is gaining in popularity. This paper addresses the issue of dynamically identifying key parameters of a GSI used for power injection into a microgrid. It is shown that the dynamics of the system is based on two essential parts that can be assimilated to simple first-order filters: The DC-bus and AC-line filtering. A simple implementation of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) used for estimating in real-time both filter's output and key parameters in this noisy environment is proposed. The design was tested using a DSP-accurate implementation using the Matlab/Simulink environment and presented results show that predefined AC-line filter's parameters were successfully retrieved as the state of the system. The proposed design is suitable for progressive failure indication

Development of equivalent electric circuit model for darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine rotor using mechanic - Electric analogy approach

Models are crucial in the engineering design process because they can be used for both the optimisation of design parameters and the prediction of performance. Thus, models can significantly reduce design, development and optimisation costs. This paper presents the construction process of a novel equivalent electrical model for Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbines (DTVAWTs). Physical concepts and theoretical formulations underpinning the development of the model are addressed. The proposed model was built from the mechanical description given by the Paraschivoiu double-multiple streamtube model and is based on the analogy between mechanical and electrical circuits. After highlighting the working principle of the DTVAWT, the step-by-step development of the model is presented. For assessment purposes, simulations of aerodynamic characteristics and those of corresponding electrical components are performed and compared

Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: State-of-the-Art Review, New Trends, and Future Challenges

As the demand for wind energy continues to grow at exponential rates, reducing operation and maintenance (OM) costs and improving reliability have become top priorities in wind turbine (WT) maintenance strategies. In addition to the development of more highly evolved WT designs intended to improve availability, the application of reliable and cost-effective condition-monitoring (CM) techniques offers an efficient approach to achieve this goal. This paper provides a general review and classification of wind turbine condition monitoring (WTCM) methods and techniques with a focus on trends and future challenges. After highlighting the relevant CM, diagnosis, and maintenance analysis, this work outlines the relationship between these concepts and related theories, and examines new trends and future challenges in the WTCM industry. Interesting insights from this research are used to point out strengths and weaknesses in today’s WTCM industry and define research priorities needed for the industry to meet the challenges in wind industry technological evolution and market growth

Basis of theoretical formulations for new approach for modelling darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine rotors using electrical equivalent circuit analogy

Models are crucial in the engineering design process because they can be used for both the optimisation of design parameters and the prediction of performance. Thus, models can significantly reduce design, development and optimisation costs. This paper establishes bases that can underlie the development of a novel equivalent electrical model for Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbines (DTVAWTs). A brief review of existing models underscores the necessity of a new approach in modelling of DTVAWT. This work also addresses the physical concepts and theoretical formulations that can underpin the development of the model. After highlighting the working principle of the DTVAWT, the mechanic-electric analogy approach for the new model is presented. The paper ends with presentation of key lines of the theoretical formulation for the development of the new model