Double piling structure of matrix monotone functions and of matrix convex functions II

We continue the analysis in [H. Osaka and J. Tomiyama, Double piling structure of matrix monotone functions and of matrix convex functions, Linear and its Applications 431(2009), 1825 - 1832] in which the followings three assertions at each label $n$ are discussed: (1)$f(0) \leq 0$ and $f$ is $n$-convex in $[0, \alpha)$. (2)For each matrix $a$ with its spectrum in $[0, \alpha)$ and a contraction $c$ in the matrix algebra $M_n$, $f(c^*ac) \leq c^*f(a)c$. (3)The function $f(t)/t$ $(= g(t))$ is $n$-monotone in $(0, \alpha)$. We know that two conditions $(2)$ and $(3)$ are equivalent and if $f$ with $f(0) \leq 0$ is $n$-convex, then $g$ is $(n -1)$-monotone. In this note we consider several extra conditions on $g$ to conclude that the implication from $(3)$ to $(1)$ is true. In particular, we study a class $Q_n([0, \alpha))$ of functions with conditional positive Lowner matrix which contains the class of matrix $n$-monotone functions and show that if $f \in Q_{n+1}([0, \alpha))$ with $f(0) = 0$ and $g$ is $n$-monotone, then $f$ is $n$-convex. We also discuss about the local property of $n$-convexity.Comment: 13page

Diel feeding rhythms, daily ration, and seasonal changes thereof in marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae

This paper aims to assess the diel feeding pattern and seasonal variation in the daily ration of immature and mature marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae ). A day‐night collection by bottom trawls was conducted in Sendai Bay in July 2014. Marbled flounder (131–493 mm total length; Number of collected individuals = 1830, Number of analyzed individuals = 497) fed mainly on polychaetes during the day. At night, stomach content weight decreased with time, but the weight and proportion of bivalve siphons were consistently higher at night than during the day, suggesting nocturnal feeding by the flounder on bivalve siphons. Daily ration was greater in females (<300 mm: 2.6%–3.2% body weight; ≥300 mm: 1.5%–2.5%) than in males (<300 mm: 1.7%–2.6%; ≥300 mm: 1.3%–1.9%). Seasonal surveys were also carried out, and the greater ration in females than males were consistent throughout the year, suggesting that greater growth in females than males attributes to the greater food intake of females. The ration was highest in June, especially for large individuals, although water temperature in June was lower than that in September. These results indicate that the amount of food intake is related to the annual life cycle of the marbled flounder.This work was partly supported by the Stock Assessment Program of Fisheries Agency and Fisheries Research and Education Agency of Japan and the program “Project on Clarifying the Impact of Nuclear Substances” of the Fisheries Agency of Japan

Behavioral Partitioning with Exploiting Function-Level Parallelism

Abstract-This paper proposes a method to efficiently generate hardware from a large behavioral description by behavioral synthesis. For a program with functions which are executable in parallel, this proposed method determines an optimal behavioral partitioning which fully exploits the function-level parallelism with simultaneously minimizing the area in the datapath and control path. This partitioning problem is formulated as an integer programming problem. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method

Application of deep learning (3-dimensional convolutional neural network) for the prediction of pathological invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma

To compare results for radiological prediction of pathological invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma between radiologists and a deep learning (DL) system.Ninety patients (50 men, 40 women; mean age, 66 years; range, 40-88 years) who underwent pre-operative chest computed tomography (CT) with 0.625-mm slice thickness were included in this retrospective study. Twenty-four cases of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 20 cases of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 46 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma (IVA) were pathologically diagnosed. Three radiologists of different levels of experience diagnosed each nodule by using previously documented CT findings to predict pathological invasiveness. DL was structured using a 3-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) constructed with 2 successive pairs of convolution and max-pooling layers, and 2 fully connected layers. The output layer comprises 3 nodes to recognize the 3 conditions of adenocarcinoma (AIS, MIA, and IVA) or 2 nodes for 2 conditions (AIS and MIA/IVA). Results from DL and the 3 radiologists were statistically compared.No significant differences in pathological diagnostic accuracy rates were seen between DL and the 3 radiologists (P>. 11). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that area under the curve for DL (0.712) was almost the same as that for the radiologist with extensive experience (0.714; P=. 98). Compared with the consensus results from radiologists, DL offered significantly inferior sensitivity (P=. 0005), but significantly superior specificity (P=. 02).Despite the small training data set, diagnostic performance of DL was almost the same as the radiologist with extensive experience. In particular, DL provided higher specificity than radiologists

Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lung: Image Quality of a Prototype Scanner

Purpose: The image noise and image quality of a prototype ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) scanner was evaluated and compared with those of conventional high-resolution CT (C-HRCT) scanners. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board. A U-HRCT scanner prototype with 0.25 mm × 4 rows and operating at 120 mAs was used. The C-HRCT images were obtained using a 0.5 mm × 16 or 0.5 mm × 64 detector-row CT scanner operating at 150 mAs. Images from both scanners were reconstructed at 0.1-mm intervals; the slice thickness was 0.25 mm for the U-HRCT scanner and 0.5 mm for the C-HRCT scanners. For both scanners, the display field of view was 80 mm. The image noise of each scanner was evaluated using a phantom. U-HRCT and C-HRCT images of 53 images selected from 37 lung nodules were then observed and graded using a 5-point score by 10 board-certified thoracic radiologists. The images were presented to the observers randomly and in a blinded manner. Results: The image noise for U-HRCT (100.87 ± 0.51 Hounsfield units [HU]) was greater than that for C-HRCT (40.41 ± 0.52 HU; P <.0001). The image quality of U-HRCT was graded as superior to that of C-HRCT (P <.0001) for all of the following parameters that were examined: margins of subsolid and solid nodules, edges of solid components and pulmonary ves sels in subsolid nodules, air bronchograms, pleural indentations, margins of pulmonary vessels, edges of bronchi, and interlobar fissures. Conclusion: Despite a larger image noise, the prototype U-HRCT scanner had a significantly better image quality than the C-HRCT scanners

A Code Placement Method for Cache Miss Rate Reduction

Most of modern microprocessors have an on-chip cache because of the large gap of speed between microprocessors and DRAM&apos;s. Since the miss rate of the cache have a significant effect on the performance of the computer system, several techniques for miss rate reduction have been proposed. Miss rate reduction techniques by hardware include larger caches, higher associativity, hardware prefetching of code and data, and so on. Of course, these techniques involve additional hardware cost. Software oriented techniques are also proposed as compiler optimizations, for example, compiler-controlled prefetching of code and data, loop transformations for data caches. In this thesis, we discuss other miss rate reduction techniques by software, code placement for caches. The goal of code placement is to place programs in the main memory to minimize cache miss rates. Major techniques previously proposed are ffl to place basic blocks in each function to increase the locality of reference[8], and ffl ..