育て親家族におけるテリングの効果についての探索的検討

血縁のない幼い子どもを迎え育てている家族において、育て親が子どもに、産みの親の存在や子どもの出自に関わることがらを伝え続けて子どもの理解を形成する試みを「テリング」とよぷ。本研究では、育て親(母親)へのインタビュー調査を通して、子どもがテリングによって「産みの親が育て親とは別に存在する」ことを理解していくプロセスを探索した。その結果、(1)テリングが、子どもの発達に伴って、育て親からの一方向的なものから育て親－子ども間の双方向的なものへと変化すること、(2)弟妹を迎えたり産みの親に会うといった経験が理解深化の機会になること、(3)テリングを嫌がる時期が存在すること、(4)周囲との違いに気づき始めることによって子どもの態度が複雑化すること、などが示された。"Telling" is the continuous effort by adoptive parents to make their adopted children aware of the presence of their biological parents and their roots. I conducted home visit interviews with the adoptive mother and explored variations in telling practices by adoptive parents and considered, from a developmental perspective, their child\u27s understanding of the existence of biological parents different from the adoptive parents. The main findings were as follows: (1) "telling" practices by adoptive parents change from one-way to reciprocal communication as the child\u27s abilities grow; (2) the adopted child\u27s experiences of having younger siblings or meeting with the birth mother motivate the child\u27s own understanding of the content of telling; (3) there is a certain period in which the adopted child dislikes telling, and (4) the more the adopted child becomes sensitive to the "acknowledgment" of his/her being different from others, the more social attitudes become complicated

Literature review of research trends on unnatural deaths in older adult in Japan from 2000 to 2020: A text mining analysis

The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of research on unnatural deaths　in older adults in Japan. We searched original articles published in Japan from 2000 to 2020 by using the key terms“ older adult” and“ unnatural death” and identified 32 articles. We analyzed the articles by quantitative text mining with KH Coder （ver.3.0） software. The most frequently extracted words were“ death,”“ many,”“ discovery,”“ suicide,”“ cause of death,” and“ autopsy.” In the co-occurrence network analysis of words,“ death,”“ many,”“ suicide,” and“ man” had high mediation centrality. We used subgraph detection to classify the top 50 words into 5 groups: “Time delay before discovery of single older adult men after death,”“ Trend for unnatural deaths of missing older adults,”“ Relationship between mental illness and solitary death,”“ Investigation of cause of death by forensic autopsy,” and “Measures for preventing solitary death of older adults isolated from society.” Currently, studies are limited regarding possible measures to prevent solitary deaths among older adults isolated from society. In Japan, there is an urgent need to support older adults at risk of social isolation, such as single men and people with mental illnesses, to help maintain or improve their social integration

Relationship between nerve fiber layer defect and the presence of epiretinal membrane in a Japanese population: The JPHC-NEXT Eye Study

The study subjects were residents of Chikusei city, Japan, aged 40 years or older who attended annual health check-up programs and participated in the JPHC-NEXT Eye Study which performed non-mydriatic fundus photography of both eyes. The relationship of glaucomatous fundus changes such as optic disc cupping (cup to disc ratio ≥ 0.7) and retinal nerve fiber layer defect (NFLD) with the presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) were examined cross-sectionally. A total of 1990 persons gave consent to participate in this study in 2013. The overall prevalence of ERM was 12.9%. Of these, 1755 had fundus photographs of sufficient quality and no history of intraocular surgery (mean age: 62.3 ± 10.0 years). After adjusting for age, sex and refractive error, NFLD was positively associated with the presence of ERM (odds ratio [OR]: 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24, 4.96; P = 0.010), but optic disc cupping was not (OR: 1.33; CI: 0.71, 2.48; P = 0.37). The results did not necessarily suggest an association between glaucoma and ERM, but indicated an association between NFLD and ERM

Reappraisal of the Cerebral Blood Flow Measured Using 123I-I-iodoamphetamine Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography in Normal Subjects and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Purpose: Our aim was to re-evaluate the usefulness of perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the diagnosis of AD and DLB.Methods: A total of 1,232 patients, including 180 cognitively normal subjects (NSs), 148 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 802 patients with AD and 102 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were enrolled. A voxelbasedstereotactic extraction estimation analysis was used to assess hypoperfusion areas using the cut-off value of 20% for the “extent %” and >2 hypoperfused lesions.Results: The top 10 areas with hypoperfusion in AD were the angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, precuneus, superior occipital gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus. and posterior cingulate, while DLB had 6 areas in common with AD. The respective sensitivity and specificity for differentiating AD from NSs were 84.2% and 78.9% for 50-59 years old, and 91.8% and 70.0% for 60-69 years old, butthose values decreased from 70 years old. The respective sensitivity and specificity in DLB patients were 100% and 75.6% for 50-69 years old, 84.6% and 70.1% for 70-79 years old and 81.4% and 77.1% for 80-89 years old. In aMCI patients, the 1-year change in the MMSE scores was -2.38±2.02 (n=16) in patients with abnormal SPECT images and -0.67±1.81 (n=18) in those with normal SPECT images (P<0.02).Conclusions: Our study confirms that perfusion SPECT is still a valid alternative for the diagnosis of AD and DLB when fluorodeoxyglucose-PET is unavailable

Findings in young adults at colonoscopy from a hospital service database audit

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed at <50 years is predominantly located in the distal colon and rectum. Little is known about which lesion subtypes may serve as CRC precursors in young adults. The aim of this work was to document the prevalence and histological subtype of lesions seen in patients aged <50 years, and any associated clinical features. Methods An audit of the colonoscopy database at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Adelaide, South Australia over a 12-month period was undertaken. Findings were recorded from both colonoscopy reports and corresponding histological examination of excised lesions. Results Data were extracted from colonoscopies in 2064 patients. Those aged <50 comprised 485 (24%) of the total. CRC precursor lesions (including sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P), traditional serrated adenomas, tubular adenomas ≥10 mm or with high-grade dysplasia, and conventional adenomas with villous histology) were seen in 4.3% of patients aged <50 and 12.9% of patients aged ≥50 (P <0.001). Among colonoscopies yielding CRC precursor lesions in patients under 50 years, SSA/P occurred in 52% of procedures (11/21), compared with 27% (55/204) of procedures in patients aged 50 and older (P = 0.02). SSA/P were proximally located in (10/11) 90% of patients aged under 50, and 80% (43/54) of those aged 50 and older (P = 0.46). Conclusions SSA/P were the most frequently observed CRC precursor lesions in patients aged <50. Most CRCs in this age group are known to arise in the distal colon and rectum suggesting that lesions other than SSA/P may serve as the precursor for the majority of early-onset CRC

A diagnostic marker for superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma : lack of nuclear ATBF1 (ZFHX3) by immunohistochemistry suggests malignant progression

Background: Pathological stage and grade have limited ability to predict the outcomes of superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma at initial transurethral resection (TUR). AT-motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) is a tumor suppressive transcription factor that is normally localized to the nucleus but has been detected in the cytoplasm in several cancers. Here, we examined the diagnostic value of the intracellular localization of ATBF1 as a marker for the identification of high risk urothelial bladder carcinoma. Methods: Seven anti-ATBF1 antibodies were generated to cover the entire ATBF1 sequence. Four human influenza hemagglutinin-derived amino acid sequence-tagged expression vectors with truncated ATBF1 cDNA were constructed to map the functional domains of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) with the consensus sequence KR[X10-12]K. A total of 117 samples from initial TUR of human bladder carcinomas were analyzed. None of the patients had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before pathological evaluation. Results: ATBF1 nuclear localization was regulated synergistically by three NLSs on ATBF1. The cytoplasmic fragments of ATBF1 lacked NLSs. Patients were divided into two groups according to positive nuclear staining of ATBF1, and significant differences in overall survival (P = 0.021) and intravesical recurrence-free survival (P = 0.013) were detected between ATBF1+ (n= 110) and ATBF1− (n=7) cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that ATBF1 staining was an independent prognostic factor for intravesical recurrence-free survival after adjusting for cellular grading and pathological staging (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Cleavage of ATBF1 leads to the cytoplasmic localization of ATBF1 fragments and downregulates nuclear ATBF1. Alterations in the subcellular localization of ATBF1 due to fragmentation of the protein are related to the malignant character of urothelial carcinoma. Pathological evaluation using anti-ATBF1 antibodies enabled the identification of highly malignant cases that had been overlooked at initial TUR. Nuclear localization of ATBF1 indicates better prognosis of urothelial carcinoma