Information structure as information-based partition

While the Information Structure (IS) is most naturally interpreted as "structure of information", some may argue that it is structure of something else, and others may object to the use of the word "structure". This paper focuses on the question of whether the informational component can have structural properties such that it can be called "structure". The preliminary conclusion is that, althoughthere are some vague indications of structurehood in it, it is perhaps better understood to be a representation that encodes a finite set of information-based partitions, rather than structure

A scope theory of contrastive topics

Contrastive Topics (CTs) in Japanese mimic foci more than topics in many ways. Their prosodic properties are essentially the same as the pattern found with foci, and information structurally, they can correspond to new information. In my previous work (Tomioka 2010), I argued that CTs always involve contrasted speech acts, and this paper presents further evidence for this hypothesis by closely examining how CTs and foci interact. The proposed analysis leads to a new set of questions, one of which is how a focus and a CT are distinguished when they appear simultaneously in one sentence. I argue that a focus is subjected both to the exhaustifying operation at the level of proposition and to the set-generating operation at the level of speech act whereas a CT must be spared from the exhaustification below speech act. The differentiation is achieved via the ‘selective binding’ approach to association with focus proposed by Wold (1996).Los tópicos contrastivos (TTCC) en japonés presentan más similitudes con los focos que con los tópicos, en diferentes aspectos. Sus propiedades prosódicas reflejan esencialmente el mismo patrón que el encontrado para los focos. Y en términos de estructura informativa pueden corresponder a información nueva. En trabajos previos (Tomioka 2010) argumentaba que los TTCC siempre dan lugar a actos de habla contrastados, y este artículo presenta evidencia adicional en favor de esta hipótesis, haciendo un examen minucioso en relación a cómo interactúan los TTCC y los focos. El análisis que aquí se propone da lugar a un nuevo grupo de cuestiones, una de las cuáles está relacionada con la distinción entre foco y TC cuando ambos aparecen de manera simultánea en una misma oración. Aquí se argumenta que un foco está sujeto a una operación de saturación a nivel proposicional y a una operación de generación de conjuntos a nivel de acto de habla, mientras que un CT no debe estar sujeto al proceso de saturación a un nivel inferior al de acto de habla. Esta diferenciación se consigue mediante el enfoque del ‘ligamiento selectivo’ a la asociación con el foco propuesto por Wold (1996).Os Tópicos Contrastivos (TCs) em Japonês imitam os focos mais do que os Tópicos em diversas formas. As suas propriedades prosódicas são essencialmente as mesmas que o padrão encontrado ao nível da estrutura informacional em focos, eles podem corresponder a nova informação. No meu trabalho anterior (Tomioka 2010), defendi que os TCs envolvem sempre actos de fala contrastados, e este artigo apresenta novas evidências para esta hipótese ao examinar de perto como TCs e focos interagem. A análise proposta levanta uma nova série de questões, uma das quais é como distinguir um foco e um TC quando estes surgem simultaneamente numa frase. Defendo que um foco é submetido tanto à operação de exaustividade ao nível da proposição como à operação de gerador ao nível do acto de fala enquanto um TC deve ser preservado do processo de exaustividade sob um acto de fala. A diferenciação é alcançada através da abordagem de ligação selectiva à associação com foco proposta por Wold (1996)

[FOCUS] Restricts Scope: Quantifier in VP Ellipsis

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A new cyano-substituted fluorescamine superior to its original form as a fluorescent probe for amino acid detection

Available online 7 February 2018.Synthesis and spectral study of two new cyano-substituted fluorescamine as the fluorescent probes for amino acid detection have been carried out comparing with the original fluorescamine. Of the three compounds, the derivative with a cyano group at the meta-position on the 4-phenyl group was found to be superior to the original one in the reactivity toward some amino acids as well as the fluorescence intensity of the adducts. The fluorescent amino acid adducts were also applied to the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system as the fluorophores, in which the derivative described above was found to be more effective also in chemiluminescence than the original one. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ArticleTETRAHEDRON LETTERS. 59(12):1104-1107 (2018)journal articl

Desingularization of matrix equations employing hypersingular integrals in boundary element methods using double nodes

In boundary element methods, the method of using double nodes at corners is a useful approach to uniquely define the normal direction of boundary elements. However, matrix equations constructed by conventional boundary integral equations (CBIE) become singular under certain combinations of double node boundary conditions. In this paper, we analyze the singular conditions of the CBIE formulation for cases where the boundary conditions at the double node are imposed by combinations of Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, and interface conditions. To address this singularity we propose the use of hypersingular integral equations (HBIE) for wave propagation problems that obey Helmholtz equation. To demonstrate the applicability of HBIE, we compare three types of simultaneous equations: (i) CBIE, (ii) partial-HBIE in which HBIE is only applied to the double nodes at corners while CBIE is applied to the other nodes, and (iii) full-HBIE in which HBIE is applied to all nodes. Based on our numerical results, we observe the following results. The singularity of the matrix equations for problems with any combination of boundary conditions can be resolved by both full-HBIE and partial-HBIE, and partial-HBIE exhibits better accuracy than full-HBIE. Furthermore, the computational cost of partial-HBIE is smaller than that of full-HBIE.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted manuscript submitted to Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elemen

Wavefront restoration from lateral shearing data using spectral interpolation

Although a lateral-shear interferometer is robust against optical component vibrations, its interferogram provides information about differential wavefronts rather than the wavefronts themselves, resulting in the loss of specific frequency components. Previous studies have addressed this limitation by measuring four interferograms with different shear amounts to accurately restore the two-dimensional wavefront. This study proposes a technique that employs spectral interpolation to reduce the number of required interferograms. The proposed approach introduces an origin-shift technique for accurate spectral interpolation, which in turn is implemented by combining two methods: natural extension and least-squares determination of ambiguities in uniform biases. Numerical simulations confirmed that the proposed method accurately restored a two-dimensional wavefront from just two interferograms, thereby indicating its potential to address the limitations of the lateral-shear interferometer.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure