Integrated nutrition management in pigeon pea intercropping systems for enhancing production and productivity in sustainable manner– A review

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world accounting for about 29 per cent of the world area and 19 per cent of the world’s production. In order to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses, the projected requirement by the year 2025 is estimated at 27.5 MT. To meet this requirement, the productivity needs to be enhanced to 1000 kg/ha, and an additional area of about 3-4 Mha has to be brought under pulses besides reducing post-harvest losses. This uphill task has to be accomplished under more severe production constraints, especially abiotic stresses, abrupt climatic changes, emergence of new species/ strains of insect-pests and diseases, and in-creasing deficiency of secondary and micronutrients in the soil. This requires a two-pronged proactive strategy, i.e. improving per unit productivity and reducing cost of production. The yield levels of pulses have remained low and stagnant, also area and total production. Among the pulses pigeon pea is second most important grain-legumes and major constraints in pigeon pea production is mostly grown in grown on marginal lands under rainfed agriculture and without nutrient management, hence are prone to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is essential for higher production and productivity of pigeon pea, use of high yielding varieties which suitable for intercrop as well as sole cropping system with best nutrient management practices

Integrated nutrition management in pigeon pea intercropping systems for enhancing production and productivity in sustainable manner– A review

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world accounting for about 29 per cent of the world area and 19 per cent of the world’s production. In order to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses, the projected requirement by the year 2025 is estimated at 27.5 MT. To meet this requirement, the productivity needs to be enhanced to 1000 kg/ha, and an additional area of about 3-4 Mha has to be brought under pulses besides reducing post-harvest losses. This uphill task has to be accomplished under more severe production constraints, especially abiotic stresses, abrupt climatic changes, emergence of new species/ strains of insect-pests and diseases, and in-creasing deficiency of secondary and micronutrients in the soil. This requires a two-pronged proactive strategy, i.e. improving per unit productivity and reducing cost of production. The yield levels of pulses have remained low and stagnant, also area and total production. Among the pulses pigeon pea is second most important grain-legumes and major constraints in pigeon pea production is mostly grown in grown on marginal lands under rainfed agriculture and without nutrient management, hence are prone to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is essential for higher production and productivity of pigeon pea, use of high yielding varieties which suitable for intercrop as well as sole cropping system with best nutrient management practices

COSINE-100 and DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 in WIMP effective models

Assuming a standard Maxwellian for the WIMP velocity distribution, we obtain the bounds from null WIMP search results of 59.5 days of COSINE-100 data on the DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 modulation effect within the context of the non-relativistic effective theory of WIMP-nucleus scattering. Here, we systematically assume that one of the effective operators allowed by Galilean invariance dominates in the effective Hamiltonian of a spin-1/2 dark matter (DM) particle. We find that, although DAMA/LIBRA and COSINE-100 use the same sodium-iodide target, the comparison of the two results still depends on the particle-physics model. This is mainly due to two reasons: i) the WIMP signal spectral shape; ii) the expected modulation fractions, when the upper bound on the time-averaged rate in COSINE-100 is converted into a constraint on the annual modulation component in DAMA/LIBRA. We find that the latter effect is the dominant one. For several effective operators the expected modulation fractions are larger than in the standard spin-independent or spin-dependent interaction cases. As a consequence, compatibility between the modulation effect observed in DAMA/LIBRA and the null result from COSINE-100 is still possible for several non-relativistic operators. At low WIMP masses such relatively high values of the modulation fractions arise because COSINE-100 is mainly sensitive to WIMP-sodium scattering events, due to the higher threshold compared to DAMA/LIBRA. A next COSINE analysis is expected to have a full sensitivity for the 5 a region of DAMA/LIBRA.Peer reviewe