Risk Assessment Model for Planning and Design Processes of Wastewater Treatment Plants

Before joining the European Union, Serbia faces a big task related to the treatment and purification of wastewater. The capital of Serbia, Belgrade, and some larger cities do not have wastewater treatment plants. Although there are no plants in larger cities in Serbia, they still exist on the territory of the state itself. However, either they are not in good condition, or they do not work with the projected capacity or they do not work at all. This paper presents the model for risks quantification for the planning and design processes of wastewater treatment plants in which the risks are divided into 6 categories: legal, financial and economic, logistics, environmental protection, management and design risks. 37 risks have been defined, analyzed and evaluated by the experts participating in the Delphi method. Experts in various fields dealing with the planning, design or construction of wastewater treatment plants were selected to assess the risks through 2 rounds of Delphi methods and reach the consensus on major risks. By using statistical methods, it is determined that the experts reached the consensus after which each risk received its own relative weighting coefficient. Risk model has been initially verified by experts from Delphi team on two projects during construction phase. This model is important in the initial phases of the project, when the investor starts the project, as well as in the design phases

Model management of bioregradable waste from commercial facilities

У оквиру дисертације, развијен је модел управљања биоразградивим отпадом из комерцијалних објеката за Град Нови Сад а који се може применити и на друге градове у Србији и земљама у окружењу. Модел је развијен на бази поређења три модела која су сагледавана у различитим деловима Европе и Америци и идентификације свих комерцијалних објеката на територији Града Новог Сада, по врсти услуге коју пружају, величини, броју запослених, мерењем састава и количине отпада на репрезентативном броју комерцијалних објеката за храну и пиће и хотели. Мерења су вршена током седам дана узастопно, три пута у току различитих годишњих доба, мерењем целе количине генерисаног отпада и утврђивањем његовог састава. Предвиђена су четири могућа сценарија која је могуће применити на систем управљања отпадом.U okviru disertacije, razvijen je model upravljanja biorazgradivim otpadom iz komercijalnih objekata za Grad Novi Sad a koji se može primeniti i na druge gradove u Srbiji i zemljama u okruženju. Model je razvijen na bazi poređenja tri modela koja su sagledavana u različitim delovima Evrope i Americi i identifikacije svih komercijalnih objekata na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada, po vrsti usluge koju pružaju, veličini, broju zaposlenih, merenjem sastava i količine otpada na reprezentativnom broju komercijalnih objekata za hranu i piće i hoteli. Merenja su vršena tokom sedam dana uzastopno, tri puta u toku različitih godišnjih doba, merenjem cele količine generisanog otpada i utvrđivanjem njegovog sastava. Predviđena su četiri moguća scenarija koja je moguće primeniti na sistem upravljanja otpadom.Within the framework of the dissertation, a model of biodegradable waste management from commercial facilities for the City of Novi Sad has been developed, which can be applied to other cities in Serbia and surrounding countries. The model was developed on the basis of comparing three models that were examined in different parts of Europe and America and the identification of all commercial facilities in the territory of the City of Novi Sad, by type of service they provide, the size, the number of employees, the measurement of the composition and quantity of waste on a representative number of commercial facilities for food and drink and hotels. Measurements were carried out over seven consecutive days, three times during different seasons, measuring the entire amount of generated waste and determining its composition. There are four possible scenarios that can be applied to the waste management system

Smoking Cessation after a Cancer Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Setting of a Developing Country

Since smoking accounts for around 30% of all cancer deaths, public health campaigns often focus on smoking cessation as a means of primary prevention. However, smoking after cancer diagnosis is also associated with a higher symptom burden and lower survival rate. As data regarding smoking cessation vary dramatically between different populations, we aimed to analyze smoking prevalence in cancer patients, smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis, and the factors associated with smoking cessation in the setting of a developing country. We performed a cross-sectional survey on 695 patients in two clinical hospital centers. After cancer diagnosis, 15.6% of cancer patients stopped smoking. Male gender, younger age, and smoking-related cancer were the main factors associated with greater smoking cessation (p < 0.05). A total of 96% of breast cancer patients continued to smoke after cancer diagnosis and, compared to lung and colorectal cancer patients, exhibited a lower reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked (p = 0.023). An alarming rate of smoking prevalence was recorded in younger patients (45.6% at the time of cancer diagnosis) suggesting a future rise in smoking-related cancers and complications. These results should guide anti-smoking public health campaigns in transitional countries with a critical focus on younger and breast cancer patients

Clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with invasive breast cancer – Croatian Oncology Society (BC-3 COS)

Rak dojke je najčešći zloćudni tumor u žena koji se može probirom, redovitim kontrolama i zdravstvenim odgojem otkriti u ranim stadijima bolesti i uspješno liječiti. Metode liječenja uključuju kirurgiju, kemoterapiju, radioterapiju, endokrinu terapiju, imunoterapiju, ciljanu terapiju te simptomatsko-suportivnu terapiju, koja se primjenjuje ovisno o stadiju bolesti, biološkim obilježjima tumora i općem stanju, dobi i komorbidetima bolesnica. Plan liječenja definira multidisciplinarni tim. S obzirom na pojavnost ove bolesti, mogućnost ranog otkrivanja i mogućeg značajnog učinka terapijskih postupaka na tijek bolesti, potrebno je definirati i pravilno standardizirati pristup u dijagnostici, liječenju i praćenju ovih bolesnica. U tekstu su iznesene smjernice s ciljem primjene standardiziranih postupaka u svakodnevnom radu s bolesnicama s rakom dojke u Republici Hrvatskoj.Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, which can be diagnosed early through screening, early detection and through education. When diagnosed early, it can be successfully treated. Treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and supportive therapy applied depending on the stage of the disease, tumor and patient´s characteristics. Treatment should be defined by a multidisciplinary team. Due to the incidence of this disease, opportunity of early detection and possible significant influence of various treatment modalities on the course of the disease, it is important to define and implement a standardized approach for diagnosis , treatment and monitoring algorithm. The following text presents the clinical guidelines in order to standardize the procedures and criteria for diagnosis,treatment and monitoring of breast cancer patients in the Republic of Croatia