Кримінологічна характеристика воєнних злочинів, вчинених російською армією проти цивільного населення у Чернігівській області з 24 лютого по 02 квітня 2022 р.

У статті висвітлений регіональний аспект воєнних злочинів вчинених російською армією проти цивільного населення у Чернігівській області Зазначено, що Чернігів перебував в облозі з 24 лютого по 02 квітня 2022 р., а багато сіл та громад Чернігівської області були окуповані. Авторка акцентує увагу на аналізі воєнних злочинів російських військовослужбовців проти цивільного населення. Актуальним міжнародним актом стосовно розуміння воєнних злочинів є Римський статут Міжнародного кримінального суду, підписаний у 1998 р. РФ у ході ведення війни порушила правові норми ст. 8 Римського статуту Міжнародного кримінального суду та ст. 438 Кримінального Кодексу України. Аналіз воєнних злочинів російських військовослужбовців здійснено на підставі даних Чернігівської обласної прокуратури та звіту комісії ООН про воєнні злочини росіян на Чернігівщині. На Чернігівщині були зафіксовані такі злочини: розстріл мирного населення, катування, умисне спрямування нападів на будівлі, призначені для релігійних, освітніх, мистецьких, наукових чи благодійних цілей; тримання людей у підвалі (по типу концтабору); використання касетної зброї, яка є забороненою у 90 країнах світу. У с. Ягідне, що на Чернігівщині окупанти зігнали все населення села у шкільний підвал, де протримали майже місяць. Наразі працівники Чернігівської обласної прокуратури оголосили про підозру 15 російським військовослужбовцям, які вчиняли злочини проти мирного населення. Складено кримінологічний портрет російських військовослужбовців, які вчиняли образливе і принизливе поводження з цивільним населенням, вбивства, катування. Більшість із них – представники національних меншин, які наділені менталітетом жорстокості до людей, для яких війна - спосіб наживи. Як висновок, всі зафіксовані воєнні злочини є незаперечними доказами звірства рф проти України, яка порушила вимоги міжнародного гуманітарного права щодо ведення війни і повинна нести кримінальну відповідальність перед Міжнародним кримінальним судом

Strategic Planning as a Basis of Increase Efficiency of Enterprise Functioning

In the article the tasks which solution will contribute to the qualitative strategic planning of the activity of the enterprise are considered. The problems that hamper the qualitative development and implementation of strategic plans of the enterprise are outlined, the ways of their solution are proposed to improve the efficiency of its functioning and ensure its competitiveness

Strategic Planning as a Basis of Increase Efficiency of Enterprise Functioning

In the article the tasks which solution will contribute to the qualitative strategic planning of the activity of the enterprise are considered. The problems that hamper the qualitative development and implementation of strategic plans of the enterprise are outlined, the ways of their solution are proposed to improve the efficiency of its functioning and ensure its competitiveness

The influence of reamberin on oxygen balance, oxidative stress and lung dysfunction in patients with abdominal sepsis

The investigation was dedicated to the exploration of reamberin influence on oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances in 64 patients with abdominal sepsis. The authors used reamberin for correction of oxidative processes and metabolic disturbances for treatment of the patients with abdominal sepsis. The authors registered that reamberin improved the oxygen-transport function of the blood and metabolic processes during the abdominal sepsis via the hybernation condition — a form of adaptive reaction of organs and systems during the endotoxemia for creation of more effective environment for functioning of main organs and the whole organism. The authors show that the main pathogenetic mechanisms for multiorgan dysfunction are metabolic disturbances and energy deficiency in organs and systems with subsequent tissue hypoxia

Development of comprehensive models for opacities and radiation transport for IFE systems.

An ignition in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactor results in X-ray spectra and ion fluxes moving toward the chamber wall with different velocities. During flight, parts of the energy will be deposited either in the residual and/or protective chamber gas or in the initial vapor cloud developed near the wall surface from vaporization. The deposited energy will be re-radiated to the chamber wall long after the ignition process. The exact amount of energy deposited/radiated and time of deposition are key issues in evaluating the chamber response and the economical feasibility of an ICF reactor. The radiation processes in the protective gas layer or in the vapor cloud developed above the first wall play an important role in the overall dynamics of the ICF chamber. A self-consistent field method has been developed to calculate ionization potentials, atom and ion energy levels, transition probabilities, and other atomic properties used to calculate thermodynamic and optical characteristics of the plasma by means of collisional-radiation equilibrium (CRE). The methodology of solving radiation transport equations in spherical geometry and the dependence of results on the chosen theoretical model are demonstrated using the method of inward/outward directions

Влияние реамберина на кислородный баланс, окислительный стресс и легочную дисфункцию у пациентов c абдоминальным сепсисом

The investigation was dedicated to the exploration of reamberin influence on oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances in 64 patients with abdominal sepsis. The authors used reamberin for correction of oxidative processes and metabolic disturbances for treatment of the patients with abdominal sepsis. The authors registered that reamberin improved the oxygen-transport function of the blood and metabolic processes during the abdominal sepsis via the hybernation condition — a form of adaptive reaction of organs and systems during the endotoxemia for creation of more effective environment for functioning of main organs and the whole organism. The authors show that the main pathogenetic mechanisms for multiorgan dysfunction are metabolic disturbances and energy deficiency in organs and systems with subsequent tissue hypoxia.Цель исследования — изучить влияние реамберина на кислородный баланс, окислительный стресс и легочную дисфункцию при абдоминальном сепсисе. Авторами изучено действие реамберина на окислительный стресс и метаболические нарушения у 64 пациентов с абдоминальным сепсисом. Для коррекции окислительных процессов и метаболических нарушений в лечении пациентов использовали антигипоксант реамберин. Установлено, что реамберин оказывает положительное влияние на кислородтранспортную функцию крови и метаболические процессы при абдоминальном сепсисе через состояние гибернации — адаптивного ответа органов и систем на эндотоксемию, для создания экономично выгодных условий функционирования жизненно важных органов и организма в целом. Авторы полагают, что в основе патогенеза полиорганной недостаточности у пациентов с абдоминальным сепсисом лежат первично возникающие нарушения метаболизма и энергетический дефицит в органах и системах, а вторично — тканевая гипоксия

Acceptance, Prevalence and Indications for Robot-Assisted Laparoscopy - Results of a Survey Among Urologists in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) is being widely accepted in the field of urology as a replacement for conventional laparoscopy (CL). Nevertheless, the process of its integration in clinical routines has been rather spontaneous. Objective: To determine the prevalence of robotic systems (RS) in urological clinics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the acceptance of RAL among urologists as a replacement for CL and its current use for 25 different urological indications. Materials and Methods: To elucidate the practice patterns of RAL, a survey at hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland was conducted. All surgically active urology departments in Germany (303), Austria (37) and Switzerland (84) received a questionnaire with questions related to the one-year period prior to the survey. Results: The response rate was 63%. Among the participants, 43% were universities, 45% were tertiary care centres, and 8% were secondary care hospitals. A total of 60 RS (Germany 35, Austria 8, Switzerland 17) were available, and the majority (68%) were operated under public ownership. The perception of RAL and the anticipated superiority of RAL significantly differed between robotic and non-robotic surgeons. For only two urologic indications were more than 50% of the procedures performed using RAL: pyeloplasty (58%) and transperitoneal radical prostatectomy (75%). On average, 35% of robotic surgeons and only 14% of non-robotic surgeons anticipated RAL superiority in some of the 25 indications. Conclusions: This survey provides a detailed insight into RAL implementation in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. RAL is currently limited to a few urological indications with a small number of high-volume robotic centres. These results might suggest that a saturation of clinics using RS has been achieved but that the existing robotic capacities are being utilized ineffectively. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed, and certain strategies to solve these problems are offered

The experimental model of laboratory animals’ intoxication by polyacrylonitrile pyrolysis products

Purpose of research – To develop an experimental model of intoxication of laboratory animals by polyacrylonitrile pyrolysis products. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the rats. Pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile fibers was carried out at temperature of 270–350 °C. The laboratory animals were exposed to static inhalation intoxication by pyrolysis products for 15 min. Vital signs were determined in animals before and 5 minutes after intoxication. Arterial blood oxygenation index and acid-base state parameters were evaluated at 10 min after exposure. Qualitative detection of cyanides in brain and myocardial samples obtained 15 minutes after intoxication was carried out by gas chromatography. Results and discussion. It was found that the weight of the material (containing 85 % polyacrylonitrile), which pyrolysis products lead to the death of 50 % of laboratory animals within 24 hours after exposure, was 0.81 ± 0.15 g. The animals showed signs of poisoning by substances interrupting the processes of cell bioenergy when exposed to pyrolysis products obtained under specified conditions. The evident bradycardia and bradypnea (p < 0,05), and significant decrease in rectal temperature was marked. The exposed animals did not differ (p > 0,05) from the rats of the control group by the parameters of oxygenation. The signs of decompensated metabolic acidosis were detected in blood. The cyanide peak was detected by gas chromatography with a retention time of 3.78 min in brain and heart muscle biopsies. The experimental model, in which inhalation exposure of pyrolysis products of polyacrylonitrile fibers led to severe intoxication of laboratory animals, was developed. The model can be used to search for means of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy of poisoning by combustion products of nitrogen-containing polymeric materials

NEW DYES BASED ON THIENO[3,2-b]INDOLE WITH AN EXTENDED Π-CONJUGATION SYSTEM FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project # 22-73-00291