Comparison of the development of mouse embryos manipulatedwith different biopsy techniques

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is the detection of inherited diseases and the sex of embryos before implantation in the practice of human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine. The introduction of experimental animal embryo biopsy techniques has been a milestone in the developmental process of preimplantation genetic diagnosis techniques. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of embryos after biopsy in an experimental mouse model and to perform comparisons across different biopsy techniques (blastomere biopsy and trophectoderm biopsy). At the end of the study, no significant difference was observed between the blastomere biopsy group and the control group in terms of in vitro development, embryo quality, and fetal development, whereas embryo quality and in vivo development were negatively affected in the trophectoderm biopsy group (P< 0.05)

Comparison of the development of mouse embryos manipulated with different biopsy techniques

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is the detection of inherited diseases and the sex of embryos before implantation in the practice of human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine. The introduction of experimental animal embryo biopsy techniques has been a milestone in the developmental process of preimplantation genetic diagnosis techniques. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of embryos after biopsy in an experimental mouse model and to perform comparisons across different biopsy techniques (blastomere biopsy and trophectoderm biopsy). At the end of the study, no significant difference was observed between the blastomere biopsy group and the control group in terms of in vitro development, embryo quality, and fetal development, whereas embryo quality and in vivo development were negatively affected in the trophectoderm biopsy group (P < 0.05)

Energy-efficient RL-based aerial network deployment testbed for disaster areas

Rapid deployment of wireless devices with 5G and beyond enabled a connected world. However, an immediate demand increase right after a disaster paralyzes network infrastructure temporarily. The continuous flow of information is crucial during disaster times to coordinate rescue operations and identify the survivors. Communication infrastructures built for users of disaster areas should satisfy rapid deployment, increased coverage, and availability. Unmanned air vehicles (UAV) provide a potential solution for rapid deployment as they are not affected by traffic jams and physical road damage during a disaster. In addition, ad-hoc WiFi communication allows the generation of broadcast domains within a clear channel which eases one-to-many communications. Moreover, using reinforcement learning (RL) helps reduce the computational cost and increases the accuracy of the NP-hard problem of aerial network deployment. To this end, a novel flying WiFi ad-hoc network management model is proposed in this paper. The model utilizes deep-Q-learning to maintain quality-of-service (QoS), increase user equipment (UE) coverage, and optimize power efficiency. Furthermore, a testbed is deployed on Istanbul Technical University (ITU) campus to train the developed model. Training results of the model using testbed accumulates over 90% packet delivery ratio as QoS, over 97% coverage for the users in flow tables, and 0.28 KJ/Bit average power consumption

In vıtro sığır blastosist üretimi üzerine tanımlanmış medyumların etkisi ve blastosistlerin farklı kriyoprezervasyon teknikleri ile dondurulması

Blastosist safhasındaki sığır embriyolarının eldesi ve soğuğun zararlı etkilerinden korunması, hayvansal üretimde, klonlamada, transgenik teknolojide, tıbbi biyoteknolojide ve gen bankacılığında oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı in vitro döllenme (IVF) yöntemlerinin ve solüsyonlarının in vitro sığır blastosist üretimi üzerine etkilerini ve blastosistlerin katı yüzey camsı yapı dondurma ve klasik camsı yapı dondurma yöntemleri kullanılarak dondurulup çözündürülmesi ve çözündürme sonrası canlılık oranları ve toplam çekirdek sayılarının yani blastosistlerin iç hücre sayılarının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada, yumurtaların in vitro olgunlaştırma ve döllenme sürelerinin, farklı (QACM, QABM, KSOM ve SOF) kültür solüsyonlarının, solüsyona katılan betamerkaptoethanolün blastosist oluşumu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmaları takiben elde edilen blastosistlerin katı yüzey camsı yapı dondurma ve klasik camsı yapı dondurma yöntemlerinin blastosist canlılık ve hücre sayılarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda QACM, QABM, KSOM ve SOF kültür solüsyonlarının blastosist gelişimi üzerine etkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmada, QACM (Quinn’in Avantaj Yarıklanma Solüsyonu) ve QABM’de (Quinn’in Avantaj Blastosist Solüsyonu) 72 saat ara ile yapılan kültür sonucunda %15.9 oranında blastosist eldesi gerçekleşirken, KSOM (Potasyumu optimize edilmiş Solsyonu)-SOF (Koyun Oviduk Solüsyonu) solüsyonlarında 48 saat ara ile yapılan kültür sonucunda %1.7 oranında blastosist elde edilmiştir (P<0.05). Katı yüzey camsı yapı dondurma ve klasik camsı yapı dondurma yöntemleri ile dondurulan blastosistlerin çözüldükten sonraki canlılık oranları sırasıyla %82.6 ve %34.8 olmakla birlikte dondurulup çözündürülme işlemi uygulanmayan blastosistlerin bulunduğu kontrol grubunda %100 olmaktadır. Katı yüzey camsı yapı dondurma yönteminin uygulandığı blastosistlerin ortalama çekirdek sayısı (124) klasik camsı yapı dondurma yönteminin uygulandığı blastosistlerden (104) yüksek bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubu yani herhangi bir dondurma ve çözündürme işlemine tabi tutulmamış blastosistlerin toplam iç hücre (çekirdek) sayıları ise 213 olarak tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, IVF yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen embriyoların QACM ve QABM solüsyonlarında 72 saat ara ile yapılan kültür sonucunda elde edilen blastosist oranın, KSOMSOF solüsyonlarında 48 saat ara ile yapılan kültür sonucuna göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca canlılığını sürdüren yani düzgün zona pelisudaya sahip, parlak görünümlü blastosist oranı ve ortalama iç hücre sayısı, katı yüzey camsı yapı dondurma yönteminin kullanıldığı grupta, klasik camsı yapı dondurma yönteminden yüksek olmuştur. İki dondurma grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları elde edilen IVF ve embriyo dondurma protokollerinin hayvan üreme biyoteknolojisinde ve transgenik hayvan üretimin de efektif olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.In vitro production and cryopreservation of bovine blastocysts are important for animal breeding, cloning, transgenic technology, medical technology and gene banking. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods and solutions on producing bovine blastocysts, and vitrification and warming of blastocysts both solid surface vitrification (SSV) and classic vitrification techniques. And finally to research the viability rate and total nuclei number of warmed blastocysts. In this study, the effect of maturation period and betamercaptoethanol on oocyte maturation and blastocysts development, the effect of QACM, QABM, KSOM and SOF embryo culture mediums and fertilization period and finally the effect of different culture mediums on blastocysts development were investigated. As a continuation of this study blastocysts were vitrifed with SSV and classic vitrificaiton techniques. The effect of these vitrification techniques on survivability and total nuclei number of blastocysts investigated. In comparison of different culture mediums on blastocysts development, in in vitro culture with QACM (Quinn’s Advantage Cleavage Medium) and QABM (Quinn’s Advantage Blastocyst Medium) at 72 hour produced higher blastocysts stage embryo rate (15.9 %), while KSOM-SOF solution showed 1.7% of blastosist stage after 48 hours (p<0.05). The viability rate of blastocysts that vitrified with SSV and Classic vitrification techniques were 82.6% and 34.8% respectively. Viability rate of Non-vitrified blastocyst as a control group were found 100%. Total nuclei number of vitrified-warmed, non vitrified group and control were 124,104 and 213 respectively (p<0.05). As a result, the blastocysts rate of in vitro produced IVF embryos by culture with QACM and QABM for 72 hours found to be higher than cultured embryos with KSOM (Potassium Simolex Optimised Medim) and SOF (Sheep Oviduct Fluid) for 48 hours. However, in SSV group, both blastocysts viability rate and total nuclei or inner cell mass number was higher than Classic vitrification group blastocysts. In conclusion, used protocols showed both IVF and vitrification techniques can be used in animal reproduction biotechnology and transgenic animal production effectively

Tissue cryobanking for conservation programs: effect of tissue type and storage time after death

In this study, we investigated the temporal post-mortem limits, within which there will be guarantees of obtaining living cells from several tissues of sheep and cattle and the effect of vitrification on the ability of cells from tissue stored at different times. Muscle tissue and auricular cartilage were stored at 4 degrees C for 5, 48, 72, 96 and 216 h post-mortem (hpm). Tissue samples were sorted into two groups: one group was in vitro cultured immediately after storage and the other was vitrified after storage and then in vitro cultured. In cattle and sheep, no differences in subconfluence rates were observed between the two experimental groups. At the same time, no significant differences were observed in the number of days required in culture to reach confluence between non-vitrified and vitrified groups when tissues were stored at 4 degrees C for different times. In sheep, while the population doubling times (PDT) were similar in cartilage cells from vitrified and non-vitrified tissues and stored at 4 degrees C for 5 and 216 hpm, PDT of muscle cells were longer in 216 hpmstored groups than in 5 hpm stored groups. In bovine, although the PDT of muscle cells were similar for 5 and 216 hpm and both vitrified and non-vitrified tissues and the PDT were longer in cartilage cells from vitrified than from non-vitrified tissues. In conclusion, although storage times and vitrification have different effects on tissues from cattle and sheep, this study showed that living cells could be obtained from all groups. Therefore, cartilage andmuscle tissues can be stored at 4 degrees C for 216 hpm and used for cyrobanking.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [KAMAG-106G005]We would like to thank Dr. Digdem Aktoprakligil Aksu for manuscript review; Fatih Karakaya, Erman Ates and Ozlem Celasin for technical assistance. The manuscript has been edited by native speaker Dr. Anita L. Akkas, who has PhD degree in English Literature and MA degree in Linguistics Engineering and Science. This research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project no. KAMAG-106G005)