Sensory Analysis of Sweet Musts in Pedro Ximenez cv. Grapes Dried using Different Methods

The sensory properties of musts from Pedro Ximenez grapes chamber-dried at 40 or 50°C, with or withouta dipping treatment, are compared to musts from grapes subjected to the traditional sun-drying methodused in the production of sweet wines. The chamber-dried procedure, specifically at 50°C, decreased thedrying time, improved the health status of the grapes relative to the growth of fungi that produce toxins andyielded must with a very similar color to that of sun-dried grapes. Sensory evaluation has shown that mustfrom grapes dried at 50°C, after treatment with an alkaline emulsion of ethyl oleate, is unacceptable dueto the light color. The musts receiving the highest scores for color, aroma and flavor were from untreatedgrapes dried at 50ºC or potassium carbonate-treated grapes dried at the same temperature. However, thetreatment did not significantly accelerate drying

Pretransitional phenomena in dilute crystals with first-order phase transition

Pretransitional phenomena at first-order phase transition in crystals diluted by 'neutral' impurities (analogue of nonmagnetic atoms in dilute magnets) are considered. It is shown that field dependence of order parameter becomes nonanalytical in the stability region of the ordered phase, while smeared jumps of thermodynamic parameters and anomalous (non-exponential) relaxation appear near transition temperature of pure crystal.Comment: 4 page

Morphological changes of glia in prion and a prion-like disorder

Several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s are considered to be prion-like disorders in that they are all proteinopathies where in aberrant proteins spread throughout the brain during disease progression, and thus they may share molecular basis and mechanisms of propagation. Therefore, studies elucidating mechanisms of prion propagation may be relevant to other neurodegenerative diseases. While substantial progress has been made, the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases is still largely unknown, and as consequence, to date no truly effective treatments that prevent onset or delay progression of these diseases have been identified. In addition to propagation of misfolded proteins, these diseases all induce a host response that includes activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. However, in our opinion, the glial response in each of these diseases has not been well-defined. Since a role for glial response in prion disease has been clearly demonstrated in a previous study concerning Scrapie in sheep, a similar approach to analysis of astrocytic gliosis has been taken here for Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) and Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD). Here, morphological analysis of glial cells in cerebella from CJD and AD patients (as the most common prion and prion-like disorders, respectively) was performed. The results presented in this study support the involvement of glial cells not only in the pathogenesis of CJD, but also of AD. A relationship between intensity and morphology is observed in astroglia from the molecular layer in both pathologies. By contrast, the involvement of microgliosis in AD-affected samples showed a lower relevance from that observed in CJD, since reactive microglia were much more abundant in prion disease. Further analysis of the role of gliosis in CJD and AD, as well as other neurodegenerative diseases, may well advance knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these diseases and may also provide new targets for therapeutic intervention

Morphological changes of glia in prion and a prion-like disorder.

Several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s are considered to be prion-like disorders in that they are all proteinopathies where in aberrant proteins spread throughout the brain during disease progression, and thus they may share molecular basis and mechanisms of propagation. Therefore, studies elucidating mechanisms of prion propagation may be relevant to other neurodegenerative diseases. While substantial progress has been made, the pathogen- esis of these neurodegenerative diseases is still largely unknown, and as consequence, to date no truly effective treatments that prevent onset or delay progression of these diseases have been identified. In addition to propagation of misfolded proteins, these diseases all induce a host response that includes activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. However, in our opinion, the glial response in each of these diseases has not been well-defined. Since a role for glial response in prion disease has been clearly demonstrated in a previous study concerning Scrapie in sheep, a similar approach to analysis of astrocytic gliosis has been taken here for Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) and Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD). Here, morphological analysis of glial cells in cerebella from CJD and AD patients (as the most common prion and prion-like disorders, respectively) was performed. The results presented in this study support the involvement of glial cells not only in the pathogenesis of CJD, but also of AD. A relationship between intensity and morphology is observed in astroglia from the molecular layer in both pathologies. By contrast, the involvement of microgliosis in AD-affected samples showed a lower relevance from that observed in CJD, since reactive microglia were much more abundant in prion disease. Further analysis of the role of gliosis in CJD and AD, as well as other neurodegenerative diseases, may well advance knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these diseases and may also provide new targets for therapeutic intervention

Tipología de productores de durazno en Zacatecas, México por atributos de calidad del fruto

Zacatecas se posiciona entre los cinco principales Estados productores de durazno en México. El durazno es criollo, amarillo, hueso pegado, pulpa firme, propagado sexualmente y cultivado en temporal en ˜ 81% de la superficie cultivada; lo que, destaca la baja competitividad de este cultivo. No obstante, por el número de productores dedicados a este cultivo, realza su importancia socioeconómica con relación a otros frutales. Si se pretende entender las características y problemáticas de las unidades de producción (UP) que sirvan como un instrumento para optimizar la asignación de recursos públicos, y proponer estrategias que mejoren el desarrollo de la agricultura, es necesario entender la heterogeneidad de los productores considerando sus características socioeconómicas dentro de las UP. Por ello, en esta investigación se buscó analizar y segmentar técnica y tipológicamente a los productores de durazno del estado de Zacatecas. Los datos se recopilaron a través de una encuesta a 204 productores de durazno en Zacatecas, México. Los resultados sugieren cuatro tipos de productores: 1) aquellos que plantan durazno sin objetivo; 2) los que plantan durazno a nivel de traspatio; 3) productores donde el durazno forma parte de un sistema de producción agropecuario; y 4) productores empresarios de durazno. En esta última categoría, se encontró ˜31% de los productores, lo cual podría explicar, en parte, la baja competitividad del cultivo ante otros sistemas productoPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Landau Theory of Domain Wall Magnetoelectricity

We calculate the exact analytical solution to the domain wall properties in a multiferroic system with two order parameters that are coupled bi-quadratically. This is then adapted to the case of a magnetoelectric multiferroic material such as BiFeO3, with a view to examine critically whether the domain walls can account for the enhancement of magnetization reported for thin films fo this material, in view of the correlation between increasing magnetization and increasing volume fraction of domain walls as films become thinner. The present analysis can be generalized to describe a class of magnetoelectric devices based upon domain walls rather than bulk properties.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Gobernanza y lucha contra la pobreza

[spa] El presente trabajo trata de analizar las políticas contra la pobreza aplicadas por España en el marco de la estrategia Europa 2020. Estas políticas se han llevado a cabo mediante mecanismos de gobernanza -en concreto, el denominado experimentalismo democrático-, cuya efectividad y legitimidad están en entredicho. Para ello se analizará, de un lado, el Semestre Europeo, que coordina estas políticas a nivel de la UE. Del otro, distintos documentos españoles que se enmarcan en este proceso y que permiten evaluar los niveles de legitimidad democrática de este mecanismo. This paper attempts to analyze policies against poverty undertaken by Spain within the framework of the Europe 2020 strategy. These policies have been applied through mechanisms of governance mechanisms -specifically, the so-called democratic experimentalism- whose effectiveness and legitimacy is at least questionable. To this end, this paper tries to analyze, on one side, the European Semester, which coordinates these policies at an EU level. On the other, various Spanish documents that are part of this process and therefore allow us assess the levels of democratic effectiveness of this mechanism.[eng] This paper attempts to analyze policies against poverty undertaken by Spain within the framework of the Europe 2020 strategy. These policies have been applied through mechanisms of governance mechanisms -specifically, the so-called democratic experimentalism- whose effectiveness and legitimacy is at least questionable. To this end, this paper tries to analyze, on one side, the European Semester, which coordinates these policies at an EU level. On the other, various Spanish documents that are part of this process and therefore allow us assess the levels of democratic effectiveness of this mechanism

On cyclic algebraic-geometry codes

In this paper we initiate the study of cyclic algebraic geometry codes. We give conditions to construct cyclic algebraic geometry codes in the context of algebraic function fields over a finite field by using their group of automorphisms. We prove that cyclic algebraic geometry codes constructed in this way are closely related to cyclic extensions. We also give a detailed study of the monomial equivalence of cyclic algebraic geometry codes constructed with our method in the case of a rational function field.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur