326 research outputs found
Judge Theodore McMillian: Beacon of Hope and Champion for Justice
âJudge Theodore McMillian: Beacon of Hope and Champion for Justiceâ illuminates the heroic groundbreaking accomplishments of Judge McMillian, who was a trailblazer in Missouri courts. Judge McMillian was Missouriâs first Black judge to sit on the state circuit court, state appellate court, and federal appellate court. Professor Tokarz traces Judge McMillianâs early life and career to demonstrate his life-long dedication to challenging disparities in the community and in the legal system. She discusses the Judgeâs role on the St. Louis City Circuit Court, especially the Juvenile Court where he pushed for the expansion of constitutional rights for juveniles; his groundbreaking criminal justice and civil rights decisions on the Missouri Court of Appeals; and his contributions to antidiscrimination jurisprudence during his tenure on the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. She also notes his role as community leader, as a founder of the Herbert Hoover Boys Club, first board chair of the Human Development Corporation, president of the Urban League, and board member of the Office of Economic Opportunity Legal Services Program. Professor Tokarz draws from her own experience with Judge McMillian to illustrate his extraordinary integrity, unbounded compassion, and abundant inspiration to law students, lawyers, judges, and all who care about equal justice for all
A study of Ni-based refractory alloys via anomalous scattering techniques
Anomalous x-ray scattering methods provided means to probe the local interactions of specific chemical pairs in a NiâNbâSn sequence. Data near and far from the absorption edges of individual constituent atoms were obtained to calculate differential distribution functions, revealing the atomic arrangements. The compositional fluctuations throughout a typical Ni60Nb40âxSnyNi60Nb40âxSny sample is described as alternating Ni-rich and Nb-rich clusters of ⌠25âĂ
âŒ25Ă
dimensions. This nonrandom distribution of atomic species may partially explain the failure of previous modeling efforts of bulk metallic glasses to explain their mechanical behavior and thermal stability.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87755/2/074906_1.pd
Conversations on âCommunity Lawyeringâ: The Newest (Oldest) Wave in Clinical Legal Education
In this Essay, we will explore the pedagogical and professional challenges and rewards of community lawyering and clinical legal education. The authors are clinical law faculty who self-identify as community lawyers and teachers of community lawyering clinics. We have gathered in recent years with a larger group of similarly engaged colleagues to discuss what we mean by community lawyering, how we teach it, and how we practice it. This Essay seeks to capture some of those conversations, crystallize some of the ideas that have arisen out of the discussions, and examine the implications of these ruminations for future directions in clinical legal education
Introduction: Celebrating the Mound City Bar Association Centennial: Looking Back, Leading Forward
In 2022, the Mound City Bar Association in St. Louis, one of the first Black bar associations in the country, celebrates its 100th anniversary. In this volume of the Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, distinguished authors look back at a century of contributions of Mound City Bar Association lawyers, judges, and allies, documenting their efforts to eliminate racial discrimination and break down barriers to equal justice. The volume is a testament to the work of countless individuals in the fight for civil rights since the beginning of the association in 1922. The authors also anticipate and examine the challenges ahead and the work yet to be done to achieve equal justice for all in our city, the region, and the country in the years to come
Field Estimates of Parentage Reveal Sexually Antagonistic Selection on Body Size in a Population of Anolis Lizards
Sexual dimorphism evolves when selection favors different phenotypic optima between the sexes. Such sexually antagonistic selection creates intralocus sexual conflict when traits are genetically correlated between the sexes and have sexâspecific optima. Brown anoles are highly sexually dimorphic: Males are on average 30% longer than females and 150% heavier in our study population. Viability selection on body size is known to be sexually antagonistic, and directional selection favors large male size whereas stabilizing selection constrains females to remain small. We build on previous studies of viability selection by measuring sexually antagonistic selection using reproductive components of fitness over three generations in a natural population of brown anoles. We estimated the number of offspring produced by an individual that survived to sexual maturity (termed RSV), a measure of individual fitness that includes aspects of both individual reproductive success and offspring survival. We found directional selection on male body size, consistent with previous studies of viability selection. However, selection on female body size varied among years, and included periods of positive directional selection, quadratic stabilizing selection, and no selection. Selection acts differently in the sexes based on both survival and reproduction and sexual conflict appears to be a persistent force in this species
Antibodies to Enteroviruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Flaccid Myelitis.
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) has caused motor paralysis in >560 children in the United States since 2014. The temporal association of enterovirus (EV) outbreaks with increases in AFM cases and reports of fever, respiratory, or gastrointestinal illness prior to AFM in >90% of cases suggest a role for infectious agents. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 14 AFM and 5 non-AFM patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases in 2018 were investigated by viral-capture high-throughput sequencing (VirCapSeq-VERT system). These CSF and serum samples, as well as multiple controls, were tested for antibodies to human EVs using peptide microarrays. EV RNA was confirmed in CSF from only 1 adult AFM case and 1 non-AFM case. In contrast, antibodies to EV peptides were present in CSF of 11 of 14 AFM patients (79%), significantly higher than controls, including non-AFM patients (1/5 [20%]), children with Kawasaki disease (0/10), and adults with non-AFM CNS diseases (2/11 [18%]) (P = 0.023, 0.0001, and 0.0028, respectively). Six of 14 CSF samples (43%) and 8 of 11 sera (73%) from AFM patients were immunoreactive to an EV-D68-specific peptide, whereas the three control groups were not immunoreactive in either CSF (0/5, 0/10, and 0/11; P = 0.008, 0.0003, and 0.035, respectively) or sera (0/2, 0/8, and 0/5; P = 0.139, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively).IMPORTANCE The presence in cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies to EV peptides at higher levels than non-AFM controls supports the plausibility of a link between EV infection and AFM that warrants further investigation and has the potential to lead to strategies for diagnosis and prevention of disease
A Unique Concept for Liquid Level and Void Fraction Detection in Severe Fuel Damage Tests
This report describes a direct-contacting liquid level and void fraction detection system that is being developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The measurement technique could be used in the severe fuel damage tests that will be conducted at the Power Burst Facility, Idaho Falls, Idaho, and at the ESSOR reactor, Ispra, Italy. The detection system could also be retrofitted for commercial operating reactors to provide definitive thermal-hydraulic information. The technique can provide unambiguous, real-time data on liquid level and void fraction during normal reactor operation as well as during shutdown and accident conditions
DASCH Discovery of A Possible Nova-like Outburst in A Peculiar Symbiotic Binary
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of a peculiar variable
(designated DASCH J075731.1+201735 or J0757) discovered from our DASCH project
using the digitized Harvard College Observatory archival photographic plates.
It brightened by about 1.5 magnitudes in B within a year starting in 1942, and
then slowly faded back to its pre-outburst brightness from 1943 to the 1950s.
The mean brightness level was stable before and after the outburst, and
ellipsoidal variations with a period of days are seen,
suggesting that the star is tidally distorted. Radial-velocity measurements
indicate that the orbit is nearly circular () with a
spectroscopic period that is the same as the photometric period. The binary
consists of a M0III star, and a
companion, very likely a white dwarf (WD). Unlike other symbiotic binaries,
there is no sign of emission lines or a stellar wind in the spectra. With an
outburst timescale of ~10 years and estimated B band peak luminosity M_B~0.7,
J0757 is different from any other known classic or symbiotic novae. The most
probable explanation of the outburst is Hydrogen shell-burning on the WD,
although an accretion-powered flare cannot be ruled out.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
A Machine Learning Method to Infer Fundamental Stellar Parameters from Photometric Light Curves
A fundamental challenge for wide-field imaging surveys is obtaining follow-up
spectroscopic observations: there are > photometrically cataloged
sources, yet modern spectroscopic surveys are limited to ~few x targets.
As we approach the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) era, new algorithmic
solutions are required to cope with the data deluge. Here we report the
development of a machine-learning framework capable of inferring fundamental
stellar parameters (Teff, log g, and [Fe/H]) using photometric-brightness
variations and color alone. A training set is constructed from a systematic
spectroscopic survey of variables with Hectospec/MMT. In sum, the training set
includes ~9000 spectra, for which stellar parameters are measured using the
SEGUE Stellar Parameters Pipeline (SSPP). We employed the random forest
algorithm to perform a non-parametric regression that predicts Teff, log g, and
[Fe/H] from photometric time-domain observations. Our final, optimized model
produces a cross-validated root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 165 K, 0.39 dex,
and 0.33 dex for Teff, log g, and [Fe/H], respectively. Examining the subset of
sources for which the SSPP measurements are most reliable, the RMSE reduces to
125 K, 0.37 dex, and 0.27 dex, respectively, comparable to what is achievable
via low-resolution spectroscopy. For variable stars this represents a ~12-20%
improvement in RMSE relative to models trained with single-epoch photometric
colors. As an application of our method, we estimate stellar parameters for
~54,000 known variables. We argue that this method may convert photometric
time-domain surveys into pseudo-spectrographic engines, enabling the
construction of extremely detailed maps of the Milky Way, its structure, and
history
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