Senyawa Penciri Ekstrak Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) sebagai Anti-Kolesterol

Jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves is traditionally used as slimming and cholesterol reducing agent. This research aims to determine the active component on jati belanda leaves as marker compound for cholesterol reducing agent. The quality of leaves was checked prior to use for next step of analysis. Jati belanda leaves with good quality was extracted by ethanol 30% and the extract was separated by chromatography technique such as open column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the quality of samples is meet to the requirement of Indonesian Food and Drug Agency (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM)) based on moisture content, ash content, and heavy metal content. Based on the separation results showed that the cholesterol reducing compound from jati belanda is querceti

Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Ralstonia solanacearum Penyebab Penyakit Layu

R. mucronata telah banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman obat-obatan tradisional karena mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, alkaloid, terpenoid, sapponin dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bagian tanaman daun dan kulit batang sebagai penghambat bakteri R. solanacearum, dengan konsentrasi 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm dan 20000 ppm, kontrol positif (Chlorampenicol), kontrol negatif (Etanol). Metode yang digunakan untuk uji daya hambat menggunakan metode difusi agar sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor kelembaban daun R. mucronata (0.33g) kulit batang (0.58g). Hasil rendemen ekstrak daun (17.61%) kulit batang (7.85%). Persentase penghambatan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun R. mucronata memiliki daya hambat terhadap R. solanacearum pada konsentrasi 20000 ppm dan 10000 ppm masing-masing 31% dan 29%, namun disisi lain pada daun R. mucronata konsentrasi 5000 ppm tidak ada aktivitas daya hambat. Pada sampel yang berbeda Kulit batang R. mucronata menunjukkan adanya aktivitas daya hambat pada konsentrasi 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm dan 20000 ppm dengan nilai persentase secara berturut-turut 34%, 39%, dan 44%.

Chemical Constituent of Acacia auriculiformis Wood Extractives and Their Antioxidant Activity

Acacia auriculiformis showed good potential to be developed as a raw material for bioactive compounds. The heartwood of A. auriculiformis is still rarely explored. The purpose of this study was to identify the bioactive components of the heartwood. Six compounds were identified from the heartwood through nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy, namely the C-3,4',7,8 hydroxyl substituted flavonoids and chalcone. Two methylated teracacidins and chalcone-like teracacidin were identified for the first time in the A. auriculiformis heartwood, along with three known compounds. These compounds showed good radical scavenging and reduction activity, compared to crude extract and ascorbic acid, using three different antioxidant assays. The molecular structure-dependent activity was observed to affect the trend of the different antioxidant activities. This finding shows good potential for further development of plant parts of A. auriculiformis from Indonesia as new raw materials for medicines. Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis, antioxidant, chalcone, flavonoid, heartwoo

Phytochemical and comparative study of anti microbial activity of Lepisanthes amoena leaves extract

The genus Lepisanthes belongs to one of the groups of plant family Sapindaceae. A number of species from this genus are widely used in traditional and folk medicine systems in different parts of the world. Lepisanthes amoena extract was obtained from the leaves by extracting from methanol and 95% ethanol solvent. The highest yield of Lepisanthes amoena extract was found in methanol extract (8.75%). This study was designed to test the antimicrobial potential of Lepisanthes amoena (Sapindaceae) leaves against selected oral and skin pathogen, such as Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Propionium acnes. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponin and carbohydrate. The antimicrobial activity were tested by agar well diffusion method. Almost all extracts exhibited good inhibitory effect against tested pathogens. The expression level of inhibitory effect on the growth of tested organism was reduced by increasing the concentration of extract. The ethanol extract of Lepisanthes amoena leaves exerted greater antimicrobial activity than corresponding methanol extract at the same concentrations The zones of inhibition produced by ethanol extracts against test organisms were in the order:  Propionium acnes > Streptococcus mutans > Candida albicans, while methanol extracts were Streptococcus mutans > Candida albicans > Propionium acnes. Lepisanthes amoena have been found to be effective against pathogenic microorganisms involved in oral and skin infections. The result of the study justified the use of the plant in the treatment of diseases of microbial origin in herbal medicine. Keywords: Lepisanthes amoena, phytochemical, antimicrobia

Chamigrane Sesquiterpenes from a Basidiomycetous Endophytic Fungus XG8D Associated with Thai Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum

Six new chamigrane sesquiterpenes, merulinols A‒F (1‒6), and four known metabolites (7‒10) were isolated from the culture of the basidiomycetous fungus XG8D, a mangrove-derived endophyte. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 1D and 2D NMR, while the structures of 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, MCF-7, Hep-G2, and KATO-3. Compounds 3 and 4 selectively displayed cytotoxicity against KATO-3 cells with IC50 values of 35.0 and 25.3 μM, respectively

Anti-acne and Tyrosinase Inhibition Properties of Taxifolin and Some Flavanonol Rhamnosides From Kempas (Koompassia Malaccensis)

Taxifolin (1) and some flavanonol rhamnosides (neoastilbin (2), astilbin (3), and isoastilbin (4)) have been isolated from kempas (Koompassia malaccensis). Our previous research about antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus sobrinus and glucosyltransferase inhibitory activity of these compounds have been reported. Now, we carried out the anti-acne and tyrosinase inhibition properties of all four compounds. Antimicrobial against Propionibacterium acnes, P. acnes lipase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity were established for anti-acne activity. Tyrosinase inhibition property was measured using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as substrate. The results for anti-acne showed that no antimicrobial activity against P. acnes for all compounds, the best lipase inhibition properties showed on compound 4 with IC50 about 1.36 mg/ml, and % inhibition for antioxidant at concentration 10 mg/ml are 31.16, 25.64, 28.47, and 31.01% respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition of compound 1 at concentration 1 mg/ml is 24.12% for monophenolase and 5.18% for diphenolase. Compound 2 has tyrosinase inhibition about 25.95% (monophenolase) and 14.18% (diphenolase) at concentration 1 mg/ml. Compound 3 has tyrosinase inhibition about 27.17% (monophenolase) and 6.23% (diphenolase) at same concentration, while compound 4 has tyrosinase inhibition about 11.17% (monophenolase) and 9.75% (diphenolase)