Effect of shot peening on the residual stress and mechanical behaviour of low-temperature and high-temperature annealed martensitic gear steel 18CrNiMo7-6

A martensitic gear steel (18CrNiMo7-6) was annealed at 180 \ub0C for 2h and at ∼ 750 \ub0C for 1h to design two different starting microstructures for shot peening. One maintains the original as-transformed martensite while the other contains irregular-shaped sorbite together with ferrite. These two materials were shot peened using two different peening conditions. The softer sorbite + ferrite microstructure was shot peened using 0.6 mm conditioned cut steel shots at an average speed of 25 m/s in a conventional shot peening machine, while the harder tempered martensite steel was shot peened using 1.5 mm steel shots at a speed of 50 m/s in an in-house developed shot peening machine. The shot speeds in the conventional shot peening machine were measured using an in-house lidar set-up. The microstructure of each sample was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties examined by microhardness and tensile testing. The residual stresses were measured using an Xstress 3000 G2R diffractometer equipped with a Cr Kα x-ray source. The correspondence between the residual stress profile and the gradient structure produced by shot peening, and the relationship between the microstructure and strength, are analyzed and discussed

Users, Economics, Technology: Unavoidable Interdynamics

This paper briefly presents some conclusions of a brainstorming session on the way technology is evolving in ICT. Technology advances have overcome society ability to answer, both in economic and in human aspects. The current design paradigms, of agnostic technology development, need to be reconsidered, and the user needs to be repositioned at the center of future developments

Sexual harassment and abuse in sport: The research context

This special issue of the Journal of Sexual Aggression draws on the contributions to a Symposium on ‘Sexual Harassment in Sport – Challenges for Sport Psychology in the New Millennium’, held at the Xth Congress of the International Society for Sport Psychology, Skiathos, Greece from May 28th to June 2nd 2001. The symposium, which was organised by the authors of this editorial, was intended to move forward the international research agenda on sexual harassment and abuse in sport and to examine professional practice issues for sport psychologists. It was clear from the attendance of over 60 delegates at that symposium that international interest in this subject is growing. Further evidence of this came from the attendance of 26 members states – from Azerbaijan to Sweden - at a Council of Europe seminar on The Protection of Children, Young People and Women in Sport, held in Helsinki in September 2001

Analytical expressions for stopping-power ratios relevant for accurate dosimetry in particle therapy

In particle therapy, knowledge of the stopping-power ratios (STPRs) of the ion beam for air and water is necessary for accurate ionization chamber dosimetry. Earlier work has investigated the STPRs for pristine carbon ion beams, but here we expand the calculations to a range of ions (1 <= z <= 18) as well as spread out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) and provide a theoretical in-depth study with a special focus on the parameter regime relevant for particle therapy. The Monte Carlo transport code SHIELD-HIT is used to calculate complete particle-fluence spectra which are required for determining STPRs according to the recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). We confirm that the STPR depends primarily on the current energy of the ions rather than on their charge z or absolute position in the medium. However, STPRs for different sets of stopping-power data for water and air recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units & Measurements (ICRU) are compared, including also the recently revised data for water, yielding deviations up to 2% in the plateau region. In comparison, the influence of the secondary particle spectra on the STPR is about two orders of magnitude smaller in the whole region up till the practical range. The gained insights enable us to propose an analytic approximation for the STPR for both pristine and SOBPs as a function of penetration depth, which parametrically depend only on the initial energy and the residual range of the ion, respectively.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, fixed bug with figures in v

Lack of cardioprotection from subcutaneously and preischemic administered Liraglutide in a closed chest porcine ischemia reperfusion model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogues are promising new treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes, but may have both potentially beneficial and harmful cardiovascular effects. This may also be the case for the analogues of GLP1 for clinical use. The present study examined the effect of treatment with Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP1 analogue, on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in a porcine model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Danish Landrace Pigs (70–80 kg) were randomly assigned to Liraglutide (10 μg/kg) or control treatment given daily for three days before ischemia-reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 40 minutes followed by 2.5 hours of reperfusion. The primary outcome parameter was infarct size in relation to the ischemic region at risk. Secondary endpoints were the hemodynamic parameters mean pulmonary pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as measured by a Swan-Ganz catheter as well as arterial pressure and heart rate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The infarct size in relation to ischemic risk region in the control versus the Liraglutide group did not differ significantly: 0.46 ± 0.14 and 0.54 ± 0.12) (mean and standard deviation (SD), p = 0.21). Heart rate was significantly higher in the Liraglutide group during the experiment, while the other hemodynamic parameters did not differ significantly.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Liraglutide has a neutral effect on myocardial infarct size in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.</p

Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the “massivEVs” ISEV workshop

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, “The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry” (evFOUNDRY) and “Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials” (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled “massivEVs” to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during “massivEVs”, the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field