Las bases de datos BACH y RSE de la Central de Balances del Banco de España. Una comparación con otras bases de datos privadas

Dada la presente heterogeneidad de enfoques, criterios e indicadores en el área del análisis económico-financiero de una empresa, surge la necesidad de crear una recopilación de algunas de las bases de datos más destacadas y establecer una vinculación entre ellas, con el fin de facilitar cualquier estudio financiero que las pueda utilizar como herramienta. “Las bases de datos BACH y RSE de la Central de Balances del Banco de España. Una comparación con otras bases de datos privadas” tiene como objetivo servir de ayuda ante este tipo de análisis, proporcionando una explicación detallada de lo que son las bases de datos BACH y RSE, ambas pertenecientes a la Central de Balances del Banco de España. Asimismo, recoge la metodología empleada por cada una de ellas, variables con las que se trabaja, un análisis comparativo con otras dos bases de datos privadas, Orbis y SABI donde se pueden ver las equivalencias entre los indicadores de todas ellas y que permite llegar a una síntesis de los puntos fuertes y débiles de cada una de las bases de datos objeto de estudioDepartamento de Economía Financiera y ContabilidadGrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland: a review article

Background: Tumors of the parotid gland are a common pathology in the maxillofacial region. Most of them are benign. Some histological variants of the malignant ones, such as salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), are rare but have an extremely poor prognosis if not detected and treated early.Materials and methods: This is a review article written after analyzing information on the subject of malignant neoplasms of the parotid gland with the aim of providing a useful and systematic read, giving comprehensive information on the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis of these patients. It is based on the analysis of 44 medical articles (43 in English and 1 in Bulgarian).Discussion: SDC accounts for 1% to 3% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. Its etiology is currently unknown. It is characterized by rapid growth, pain, facial paralysis, and nodal metastases in a significant proportion of patients. Perineural spread is its hallmark. Clinical symptoms such as facial nerve palsy, trismus, dysphagia or foreign body sensation in the oropharynx, and ear pain are poor prognostic signs. The basis of the treatment of SDC is its early detection, its surgical removal within healthy limits, and semi-sedentary chemotherapy and radiation therapy in more advanced cases. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and imaging studies such as computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography, as well as its patho-anatomical verification, are key to its diagnosis. A complete sialadenectomy of the parotid gland as a treatment option involves the removal of the facial nerve when it is involved in the process, which leads to important psycho-emotional consequences for patients.Conclusion: Knowledge of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SDC is crucial in the management of this rare but extremely poor-prognosis parotid malignancy

Thyrocytes as the Target Cells for Hhv-6 Infection in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Publisher Copyright: © 2016 by Alina Sultanova.Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus with immunomodulating properties that have been suggested to play an important role in the development of several autoimmune disorders. Although the primary targets for HHV-6 replication, both in vitro and in vivo, are CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, some studies have reported the presence of HHV-6 sequences in different solid organs, including in the thyroid gland, showing possible involvement of this herpesvirus in development of autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to determine loads of HHV-6 in thyroid gland tissue in comparison to those in peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Seven patients [women mean age 45 (28-65)] with histologically confirmed autoimmune thyroiditis were enrolled in this study. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to distinguish and sort lymphocyte populations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients. HHV-6 load was determined by real-time PCR for peripheral blood and thyroid gland tissue samples. Additionally, all results from molecular analyses were compared with histological results obtained by light microscopy. Viral load was detected only in one (46 viral copies/1×106cells) blood sample; others were under the detection limit of the used kit. However, in all HHV-6 positive tissue samples viral load was detected in the range of 132-1620 viral copies/106 cells. Substantial HHV-6 load in lymphocyte subpopulations was detected in two of seven patients. HHV-6 load was detected in NK and CD95+ cells of two patients. The obtained results show that thyroid gland cells (tyrocytes) act as target cells for HHV-6.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Expression of sialyltransferases from the St3gal, St6gal and St6galnac families in mouse skeletal muscle and mouse C2C12 myotubes

In skeletal muscles, the sialic acids have a great significance for their functional maintenance and proper structural organization. Our work described the expressions of St3gal, St6gal and St6galnac sialyltransferases specific for glycoproteins in mouse skeletal muscles and murine C2C12 myotubes. Lectin histochemistry, cytochemistry and lectin blot were used to demonstrate the membrane localization and the electrophoretic profiles of α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialylated glycoproteins. The expression levels of sialyltransferases were analysed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. The enzymes St6gal2 and St6galnac1 were not expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and C2C12 myotubes. In both experimental groups, mRNAs of the St3gal family prevailed over the mRNA expressions of the St6gal and St6galnac families. The profiles of sialyltransferase expressions showed differences between the two experimental groups, illustrated by the absence of expressions of the mRNA for the St3gal6 and St6galnac3 genes in the C2C12 cell samples and by the different shares of the enzymes St3gal3 and St3gal4 in both experimental groups. The different patterns of enzyme expressions in both experimental groups corresponded with differences between their α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialylated glycoprotein profiles. These results could be a useful addendum to the knowledge concerning the glycosylation of the skeletal muscle tissue

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst: a review article

Background: Anomalies of the branchial apparatus are a common pathology, especially in the pediatric population. Most of them are benign, but there are also conditions, such as papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal cysts, which, if not promptly detected and treated, can significantly worsen the prognosis of patients.Materials and methods: This article is a review that provides information on the nature of papillary carcinoma developed from thyroid tissue in thyroglossal cysts, its behavior, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. It was written after a detailed analysis of 40 prestigious articles from refereed journals in English.Discussion: Congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus arise during the first two lunar months of pregnancy and occur in about 7% of the population. Not all manifest clinically. Papillary carcinoma, developed from the thyroid epithelium in thyroglossal cysts, is a very rare disease; only a few hundred cases have been described so far. In most of them, it is found incidentally during imaging, cytological, and histological studies on the occasion of the presence of thyroglossal cysts. The main difference with the latter on imaging is that in carcinoma there is a soft tissue component in the present cystic lesion, whereas in benign thyroglossal cysts, the contents are entirely fluid.Conclusion: The prognosis of the disease with its early detection and removal is good. The medical approach for these patients is interdisciplinary, and the operative treatment in Bulgaria is the subject of maxillofacial surgery

HHV-6 Infection and Chemokine RANTES Signaling Pathway Disturbance in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) development. We examined the possible involvement of HHV-6 gene expression encoding immunomodulating proteins U12 and U51 in AIT development and their role in the modulation of chemokine signaling. One hundred patients with autoimmune thyroiditis following thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to detect the HHV-6 sequence in DNA samples. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) with three different HHV-6 gene targets (U79/80, U51 and U12) was to detect active infection markers. HHV-6 load was identified using a commercial real-time PCR kit. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of the HHV-6 antigen and RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) in thyroid gland tissue. Different commercial immunosorbent assay kits were used for the detection of RANTES, IFNγ, IL-6, and TNFα levels in the AIT patient group and controls. We detected 98% presence of the HHV-6 genomic sequence in AIT patients’ thyroid gland tissues. Markers of active HHV-6 infection (HHV-6 U79/80, U12 and/or U51 mRNA) were predominant in AIT patients’ thyroid tissue samples in comparison with the control group (56% vs. 6%). Evidence from immunofluorescence microscopy showed that HHV-6 can persist in thyrocytes and can interact with RANTES. Visual confirmation of the intense immunofluorescence signal of RANTES detected in thyroid tissues could indicate high expression of this chemokine in the thyroid gland. On the other hand, immunosorbent assays showed very low RANTES levels in AIT patients’ peripheral plasma. These results indicate that RANTES level in AIT patients could be influenced by HHV-6 activation, which in turn may aid AIT developmen

Characterisation of the Trichinella spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme, TsUCH37, an evolutionarily conserved proteasome interaction partner.

Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode that infects mammals indiscriminately. Although the biggest impact of trichinellosis is observed in developing countries, the parasite is found on all continents except Antarctica. In humans, Trichinella infection contributes globally to helminth related morbidity and disability adjusted life years. In animals, infection is implicated as a serious agricultural problem and drug treatment is largely ineffective. During chronic infection, larvae invade skeletal muscle cells, forming a nurse cell complex in which they become encysted. The nurse cell is a product of the severe disruption of the host cell homeostasis. Proteins of the Ub/proteasome pathway are highly conserved throughout evolution, and considering their importance in the regulation of cell homeostasis, provide interesting and novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. In order to target this system in parasites, pathogen proteins that play a role in this pathway must be identified. We report the identification of the first T. spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme, and show evidence that the function of this protein as a proteasome interaction partner has been evolutionarily conserved. We show that members of this enzyme family are important for T. spiralis survival and that the use of inhibitor compounds may help elucidate their role in infection

Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p

Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors