La Enfermería escolar: contenidos y percepciones sobre su pertinencia en las escuelas inclusivas

Introduction: The School Nursing service has existed in many countries around the world for decades. In Spain, the presence of Nursing in schools is isolated and not uniformly regulated. The promotion of health and Health Education plays a key role in students’ current health.Objective: To determine experts’ degree of consensus on public and child and youth health in terms of aspects related to School Nursing, with the aim of establishing the priority contents that should be developed in the care giving function and in Health Education. Materials and methods: A two-round prospective study with a qualitative approach (the Delphi method), based on a sample of 17 experts. An online baseline questionnaire was prepared, asking for opinions and proposals on School Nursing. The second round included the response percentages and proposals subject to prioritization by means of expert assessment and consensus. Results: Most endorse some type of physical presence of nurses in schools, which would contribute to improving educational inclusion and attention to diversity. Its role in the promotion of health and prevention, early identification of diseases, and attention to mental health is pointed out.Conclusions: The school environment should be taken into account as a new and differentiated operating environment for Nursing. Nursing staff becomes a necessary innovation agent in school health, looking after the entire educational community (students, teachers and family).Introducción: La Enfermería escolar existe en diversos países del mundo desde hace décadas. En España la presencia de Enfermería en los centros es aislada y no está regulada de manera uniforme. La promoción de la salud y Educación para la Salud juegan un papel clave en la salud actual de los escolares.Objetivo: Determinar el grado de consenso de expertos en salud pública e infantojuvenil sobre aspectos relacionados con la Enfermería escolar para establecer los contenidos que se deben desarrollar en la función asistencial y en Educación para la Salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo con enfoque cualitativo (técnica Delphi) en dos rondas con una muestra de 17 expertos. Se elaboró un cuestionario basal online pidiendo opiniones y propuestas sobre la Enfermería escolar. En la segunda ronda se incluyeron los porcentajes de respuesta y propuestas que se sometieron a priorización mediante valoración y consenso de los expertos. Resultados: La mayoría refrendan algún tipo de presencia física de enfermeras en los centros escolares, que contribuiría a mejorar la inclusión educativa y la atención a la diversidad. Se resalta su papel en materia de promoción de la salud y prevención, identificación precoz de enfermedades y atención a la salud mental.Conclusiones: Es preciso tener en cuenta el ámbito escolar como un nuevo y diferenciado entorno de actuación para Enfermería. El personal de Enfermería se convierte en un necesario agente de innovación en salud escolar que cuida de toda la comunidad educativa (escolares, profesorado y familia)

Chemical Modification of a Dehydratase Enzyme Involved in Bacterial Virulence by an Ammonium Derivative: Evidence of its Active Site Covalent Adduct

The first example of an ammonium derivative that causes a specific modification of the active site of type I dehydroquinase (DHQ1), a dehydratase enzyme that is a promising target for antivirulence drug discovery, is described. The resolution at 1.35 Å of the crystal structure of DHQ1 from Salmonella typhi chemically modified by this ammonium derivative revealed that the ligand is covalently attached to the essential Lys170 through the formation of an amine. The detection by mass spectroscopy of the reaction intermediates, in conjunction with the results of molecular dynamics simulations, allowed us to explain the inhibition mechanism and the experimentally observed differences between S. typhi and Staphylococcus aureus enzymes. The results presented here reveal that the replacement of Phe225 in St-DHQ1 by Tyr214 in Sa-DHQ1 and its hydrogen bonding interaction with the conserved water molecule observed in several crystal structures protects the amino adduct against further dehydration/aromatization reactions. In contrast, for the St-DHQ1 enzyme, the carboxylate group of Asp114, with the assistance of this water molecule, would trigger the formation of a Schiff base that can undergo further dehydration reactions until full aromatization of the cyclohexane ring is achieved. Moreover, in vitro antivirulence studies showed that the reported compound is able to reduce the ability of Salmonella Enteritidis to kill A459 respiratory cells. These studies have identified a good scaffold for the design of irreversible inhibitors that can be used as drugs and has opened up new opportunities for the development of novel antivirulence agents by targeting the DHQ1 enzymeFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2013-42899-R), Xunta de Galicia (GRC2013-041), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is gratefully acknowledged. E.L. thanks the Xunta de Galicia for his postdoctoral fellowship. A.B. thanks the Miguel Servet Programme ISCIII-FEDER (CP13/00226) and the ISCIIIGeneral Subdirection of Assesment and Promotion of the Research (PI14/00059) for financial supportS

School nursing: contents and perceptions about its relevance in the inclusive schools

Introducción: La Enfermería escolar existe en diversos países del mundo desde hace décadas. En España la presencia de Enfermería en los centros es aislada y no está regulada de manera uniforme. La promoción de la salud y Educación para la Salud juegan un papel clave en la salud actual de los escolares. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de consenso de expertos en salud pública e infantojuvenil sobre aspectos relacionados con la Enfermería escolar para establecer los contenidos que se deben desarrollar en la función asistencial y en Educación para la Salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo con enfoque cualitativo (técnica Delphi) en dos rondas con una muestra de 17 expertos. Se elaboró un cuestionario basal online pidiendo opiniones y propuestas sobre la Enfermería escolar. En la segunda ronda se incluyeron los porcentajes de respuesta y propuestas que se sometieron a priorización mediante valoración y consenso de los expertos. Resultados: La mayoría refrendan algún tipo de presencia física de enfermeras en los centros escolares, que contribuiría a mejorar la inclusión educativa y la atención a la diversidad. Se resalta su papel en materia de promoción de la salud y prevención, identificación precoz de enfermedades y atención a la salud mental. Conclusiones: Es preciso tener en cuenta el ámbito escolar como un nuevo y diferenciado entorno de actuación para Enfermería. El personal de Enfermería se convierte en un necesario agente de innovación en salud escolar que cuida de toda la comunidad educativa (escolares, profesorado y familia).Introduction:The School Nursing service has existed in many countries around the world for decades. In Spain, the presence of Nursing in schools is isolated and not uniformly regulated. The promotion of health and Health Education plays a key role in students’ currenthealth.Objective:To determine experts’ degree of consensus on public and child and youth health in terms of aspects related to School Nursing, with the aim of establishing the priority contents that should be developed in the care giving function and inHealth Education. Materials and methods:A two-round prospective study with a qualitative approach (the Delphi method), based on a sample of 17 experts. An online baseline questionnaire was prepared, asking for opinions and proposals on School Nursing. The second round included the response percentages and proposals subject to prioritization by means of expert assessment and consensus. Results: Most endorse some type of physical presence of nurses in schools, which would contribute to improving educational inclusion and attention to diversity. Its role in the promotion of health and prevention, early identification of diseases, and attention to mental health is pointed out.Conclusions: The school environment should be taken into account as a new and differentiated operating environment for Nursing. Nursing staff becomes a necessary innovation agent in school health, looking after the entire educational community (students, teachers and family).S

Irreversible covalent modification of type I dehydroquinase with a stable Schiff base

The irreversible inhibition of type I dehydroquinase (DHQ1), the third enzyme of the shikimic acid pathway, is investigated by structural, biochemical and computational studies. Two epoxides, which are mimetics of the natural substrate, were designed as irreversible inhibitors of the DHQ1 enzyme and to study the binding requirements of the linkage to the enzyme. The epoxide with the S configuration caused the covalent modification of the protein whereas no reaction was obtained with its epimer. The first crystal structure of DHQ1 from Salmonella typhi covalently modified by the S epoxide, which is reported at 1.4 Å, revealed that the modified ligand is surprisingly covalently attached to the essential Lys170 by the formation of a stable Schiff base. The experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies reported here highlight the huge importance of the conformation of the C3 carbon of the ligand for covalent linkage to this type of aldolase I enzyme, revealed the key role played by the essential His143 as a Lewis acid in this process and show the need for a neatly closed active site for catalysisFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2013-42899-R), Xunta de Galicia (GRC2013-041) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is gratefully acknowledged. LT, AP and MM thank the Spanish Ministry of Education for their respective FPU fellowships. EL and JMO thank and the Xunta de Galicia for their respective postdoctoral fellowshipsS

“Cocinando” un proyecto de extensión universitaria en clave audiovisual: diálogos entre saberes "locales" y "académicos" en torno a la cerámica de la Microrregión del Salado

En este trabajo reflexionamos sobre una experiencia de intercambio entre ceramistas de la microrregión del Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires), arqueólogos, antropólogos sociales y realizadores audiovisuales reunidos con el propósito de producir una muestra itinerante en el interior de la provincia y registrar dicho proceso. En este sentido, esta ponencia sigue un doble objetivo. Por un lado, nos interesa hacer foco en la experiencia del equipo de arqueología del Salado -que lleva más de tres décadas trabajando en el territorio- y los desafíos asumidos para promover reformulaciones conceptuales sobre la historicidad de las poblaciones prehispánicas de la zona. Así se impulsan trabajos de investigación y extensión comprometidos con los modos en que las materialidades que sustentan el conocimiento arqueológico forman parte del presente y se constituyen en elementos significativos de las identidad/es local/regional/es. Particularmente, los abundantes fragmentos de alfarería prehispánica -junto con sus imágenes e información sobre sus formas de producción- que circulan en el territorio son utilizados como modelo e inspiración de prácticas alfareras en la actualidad. El reconocimiento de las diferentes formas de pensar y hacer con la cerámica arqueológica es el punto de partida para la elaboración de una muestra itinerante que busca fortalecer los vínculos entre ceramistas de diferentes pueblos y ampliar la visibilidad de su trabajo en sus comunidades. Esta involucra la realización de un registro documental -fílmico y fotográfico-, lo que nos conduce al segundo objetivo de la ponencia, referido al trabajo audiovisual. Nos interesa reflexionar sobre el potencial de esta forma de registro en tanto permite profundizar, interrogar y cuestionar los saberes (locales y académicos) sobre las prácticas cerámicas del presente y del pasado, al tiempo que los reproduce y comparte frente diferentes audiencias.GT50: Antropologxs y arqueologxs en proyectos de extensión universitaria y de comunicación científica. Redes, apropiaciones y tensiones.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

School nursing: contents and perceptions about its relevance in the inclusive schools

Introducción:La Enfermería escolar existe en diversos países del mundo desde hace décadas. En España la presencia de Enfermería en los centros es aislada y no está regulada de manera uniforme. La promoción de la salud y Educación para la Salud juegan un papel clave enla salud actual de los escolares.Objetivo:Determinar el grado de consenso de expertos en salud pública e infantojuvenil sobre aspectos relacionados con la Enfermería escolar para establecer los contenidos que se deben desarrollar en la función asistencial y en Educación para la Salud. Materiales y métodos:Estudio prospectivo con enfoque cualitativo (técnica Delphi) en dos rondas con una muestra de 17 expertos. Se elaboró un cuestionario basal online pidiendo opiniones y propuestas sobre la Enfermería escolar. En la segunda ronda se incluyeron los porcentajes de respuesta y propuestas que se sometieron a priorización mediante valoración y consenso de los expertos. Resultados: La mayoría refrendan algún tipo de presencia física de enfermeras en los centros escolares, que contribuiría a mejorar la inclusión educativa y la atención a la diversidad. Se resalta su papel en materia de promoción de la salud y prevención, identificación precoz de enfermedades y atención a la salud mental.Conclusiones: Es preciso tener en cuenta el ámbito escolar como un nuevo y diferenciado entorno de actuación para Enfermería. El personal de Enfermería se convierte en un necesario agente de innovación en salud escolar que cuida de toda la comunidad educativa (escolares, profesorado y familia).ABSTRACT: Introduction:The School Nursing service has existed in many countries around the world for decades. In Spain, the presence of Nursing in schools is isolated and not uniformly regulated. The promotion of health and Health Education plays a key role in students’ currenthealth.Objective:To determine experts’ degree of consensus on public and child and youth health in terms of aspects related to School Nursing, with the aim of establishing the priority contents that should be developed in the care giving function and inHealth Education. Materials and methods:A two-round prospective study with a qualitative approach (the Delphi method), based on a sample of 17 experts. An online baseline questionnaire was prepared, asking for opinions and proposals on School Nursing. The second round included the response percentages and proposals subject to prioritization by means of expert assessment and consensus. Results: Most endorse some type of physical presence of nurses in schools, which would contribute to improving educational inclusion and attention to diversity. Its role in the promotion of health and prevention, early identification of diseases, and attention to mental health is pointed out.Conclusions: The school environment should be taken into account as a new and differentiated operating environment for Nursing. Nursing staff becomes a necessary innovation agent in school health, looking after the entire educational community (students, teachers and family)

Mechanistic Basis of the Inhibition of Type II Dehydroquinase by (2S)- and (2R)-2-Benzyl-3-dehydroquinic Acids

The structural changes caused by the substitution of the aromatic moiety in (2S)-2-benzyl-3-dehydroquinic acids and its epimers in C2 by electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups in type II dehydroquinase enzyme from M. tuberculosis and H. pylori has been investigated by structural and computational studies. Both compounds are reversible competitive inhibitors of this enzyme, which is essential in these pathogenic bacteria. The crystal structures of M. tuberculosis and H. pylori in complex with (2S)-2-(4-methoxy)benzyl- and (2S)-2-perfluorobenzyl-3-dehydroquinic acids have been solved at 2.0, 2.3, 2.0, and 1.9 Å, respectively. The crystal structure of M. tuberculosis in complex with (2R)-2-(benzothiophen-5-yl)methyl-3-dehydroquinic acid is also reported at 1.55 Å. These crystal structures reveal key differences in the conformation of the flexible loop of the two enzymes, a difference that depends on the presence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups in the aromatic moiety of the inhibitors. This loop closes over the active site after substrate binding, and its flexibility is essential for the function of the enzyme. These differences have also been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations in an effort to understand the significant inhibition potency differences observed between some of these compounds and also to obtain more information about the possible movements of the loop. These computational studies have also allowed us to identify key structural factors of the H. pylori loop that could explain its reduced flexibility in comparison to the M. tuberculosis loop, specifically by the formation of a key salt bridge between the side chains of residues Asp18 and Arg20Financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (10PXIB2200122PR and GRC2010/12) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2010-15076 to CGB and BFU2008-01588/BMC to M.J.vR.) is gratefully acknowledged. L.T., A.P., and V.F.V.P. thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for FPU fellowships and the Portuguese Fundaca̧o para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia for an FCT fellowship, respectively. J.M.O. thanks the Xunta de Galicia and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for “Ángeles Alvariño” and “José Castillejo” fellowships, respectivelyS