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Gender-specific changes in energy metabolism and protein degradation as major pathways affected in livers of mice treated with ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen, an inhibitor of prostanoid biosynthesis, is a common pharmacological agent used for the management of pain, inflammation and fever. However, the chronic use of ibuprofen at high doses is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal and liver injuries. The underlying mechanisms of ibuprofen-mediated effects on liver remain unclear. To determine the mechanisms and signaling pathways affected by ibuprofen (100âmg/kg/day for seven days), we performed proteomic profiling of male mice liver with quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using ten-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. More than 300 proteins were significantly altered between the control and ibuprofen-treated groups. The data suggests that several major pathways including (1) energy metabolism, (2) protein degradation, (3) fatty acid metabolism and (4) antioxidant system are altered in livers from ibuprofen treated mice. Independent validation of protein changes in energy metabolism and the antioxidant system was carried out by Western blotting and showed sex-related differences. Proteasome and immunoproteasome activity/expression assays showed ibuprofen induced gender-specific proteasome and immunoproteasome dysfunction in liver. The study observed multifactorial gender-specific ibuprofen-mediated effects on mice liver and suggests that males and females are affected differently by ibuprofen
Photons in polychromatic rotating modes
We propose a quantum theory of rotating light beams and study some of its
properties. Such beams are polychromatic and have either a slowly rotating
polarization or a slowly rotating transverse mode pattern. We show there are,
for both cases, three different natural types of modes that qualify as
rotating, one of which is a new type not previously considered. We discuss
differences between these three types of rotating modes on the one hand and
non-rotating modes as viewed from a rotating frame of reference on the other.
We present various examples illustrating the possible use of rotating photons,
mostly for quantum information processing purposes. We introduce in this
context a rotating version of the two-photon singlet state.Comment: enormously expanded: 12 pages, 3 figures; a new, more informative,
but less elegant title, especially designed for Phys. Rev.
Case report- a rare survival of 2,4-D (ethyl ester) ingestions
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually called 2,4-D) is a widely used systemic herbicide. Ingestion of 2,4 D (Ethyl Ester) is rarely reported. Ingestion of this substance leads to neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hematotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Previously reported cases describe toxicities of this agent with very high fatality, only 2 survived case reports are available. In our case the substance was identified readily and treatment started within hours of ingestion with prompt gastric lavage and forced alkaline diuresis. At the time of admission patient had already lost consciousness (i.e. neurotoxicity), patient had developed muscle fibrillations and fasciculations (i.e. myotoxicity) and during the hospital stay he got acute kidney injury (i.e. nephrotoxicity) but all toxicities recovered with treatment. Previously reported fatal cases had late identification of substance and only symptomatic supportive treatment was given whereas we used aggressive approach with forced diuresis and haemodialysis. We are reporting third survived case of 2,4-D (Ethyl Ester) poisoning and emphasizing key points in the management, early identification of substance, early institution of forced alkaline diuresis and use of renal function tests as prognostic marker with timely hemodialysis.
Estrogen treatment decreases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in autoimmune demyelinating disease through estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha).
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have a crucial function in migration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Levels of MMP-9 are elevated in multiple sclerosis (MS) and predict the occurrence of new active lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This translational study aims to determine whether in vivo treatment with the pregnancy hormone estriol affects MMP-9 levels from immune cells in patients with MS and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from three female MS patients treated with estriol and splenocytes from EAE mice treated with estriol, estrogen receptor (ER) alpha ligand, ERbeta ligand or vehicle were stimulated ex vivo and analyzed for levels of MMP-9. Markers of CNS infiltration were assessed using MRI in patients and immunohistochemistry in mice. Supernatants from PBMCs obtained during estriol treatment in female MS patients showed significantly decreased MMP-9 compared with pretreatment. Decreases in MMP-9 coincided with a decrease in enhancing lesion volume on MRI. Estriol treatment of mice with EAE reduced MMP-9 in supernatants from autoantigen-stimulated splenocytes, coinciding with decreased CNS infiltration by T cells and monocytes. Experiments with selective ER ligands showed that this effect was mediated through ERalpha. In conclusion, estriol acting through ERalpha to reduce MMP-9 from immune cells is one mechanism potentially underlying the estriol-mediated reduction in enhancing lesions in MS and inflammatory lesions in EAE
Full density matrix dynamics for large quantum systems: Interactions, Decoherence and Inelastic effects
We develop analytical tools and numerical methods for time evolving the total
density matrix of the finite-size Anderson model. The model is composed of two
finite metal grains, each prepared in canonical states of differing chemical
potential and connected through a single electronic level (quantum dot or
impurity). Coulomb interactions are either excluded all together, or allowed on
the dot only. We extend this basic model to emulate decoherring and inelastic
scattering processes for the dot electrons with the probe technique. Three
methods, originally developed to treat impurity dynamics, are augmented to
yield global system dynamics: the quantum Langevin equation method, the well
known fermionic trace formula, and an iterative path integral approach. The
latter accommodates interactions on the dot in a numerically exact fashion. We
apply the developed techniques to two open topics in nonequilibrium many-body
physics: (i) We explore the role of many-body electron-electron repulsion
effects on the dynamics of the system. Results, obtained using exact path
integral simulations, are compared to mean-field quantum Langevin equation
predictions. (ii) We analyze aspects of quantum equilibration and
thermalization in large quantum systems using the probe technique, mimicking
elastic-dephasing effects and inelastic interactions on the dot. Here, unitary
simulations based on the fermionic trace formula are accompanied by quantum
Langevin equation calculations
Can electro-magnetic field, anisotropic source and varying be sufficient to produce wormhole spacetime ?
It is well known that solutions of general relativity which allow for
traversable wormholes require the existence of exotic matter (matter that
violates weak or null energy conditions [WEC or NEC]). In this article, we
provide a class of exact solution for Einstein-Maxwell field equations
describing wormholes assuming the erstwhile cosmological term to be
space variable, viz., .
The source considered here not only a matter entirely but a sum of matters
i.e. anisotropic matter distribution, electromagnetic field and cosmological
constant whose effective parts obey all energy conditions out side the wormhole
throat. Here violation of energy conditions can be compensated by varying
cosmological constant. The important feature of this article is that one can
get wormhole structure, at least theoretically, comprising with physically
acceptable matters.Comment: Some changes have been mad
A fluorescence microscopy-based protocol for volumetric measurement of lysolecithin lesion-associated de- and re-myelination in mouse brain
Lysolecithin injections into the white matter tracts of the central nervous system are a valuable tool to study remyelination, but evaluating the resulting demyelinating lesion size is challenging. Here, we present a protocol to consistently measure the volume of demyelination and remyelination in mice following brain lysolecithin injections. We describe serial sectioning of the lesion, followed by the evaluation of the demyelinated area in two-dimensional images. We then detail the computation of the volume using our own automated iPython script
Stochastic make-to-stock inventory deployment problem: an endosymbiotic psychoclonal algorithm based approach
Integrated steel manufacturers (ISMs) have no specific product, they just produce finished product from the ore. This enhances the uncertainty prevailing in the ISM regarding the nature of the finished product and significant demand by customers. At present low cost mini-mills are giving firm competition to ISMs in terms of cost, and this has compelled the ISM industry to target customers who want exotic products and faster reliable deliveries. To meet this objective, ISMs are exploring the option of satisfying part of their demand by converting strategically placed products, this helps in increasing the variability of product produced by the ISM in a short lead time. In this paper the authors have proposed a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm named endosymbiotic-psychoclonal (ESPC) to decide what and how much to stock as a semi-product in inventory. In the proposed theory, the ability of previously proposed psychoclonal algorithms to exploit the search space has been increased by making antibodies and antigen more co-operative interacting species. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been tested on randomly generated datasets and the results compared with other evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). The comparison of ESPC with GA and SA proves the superiority of the proposed algorithm both in terms of quality of the solution obtained and convergence time required to reach the optimal/near optimal value of the solution
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