The Effect of Family Attitudes and Preparation of High School Entrance Exam on Habitual Physical Activity in Children

AbstractPhysical activity level (PAL) is an important factor to promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle along the whole life cycle. The children and adolescent period is the critical time to acquire positive lifestyle habits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of both high school entrance exam (HSEE) and parental behaviors on habitual PAL of students during the preparation of this exam. Totally 319 Elementary School students (154 girls, 165 boys) between ages of 11-13 were selected randomly for this study. PAL of students were evaluated by using the Beacke Physical Activity Questionnaires. There were a no significant differences between attendance and non attendance to extra courses for HSEE in terms of word activity (WA), sport activity (SA), and leisure activity (LA) scores (p<.05) among the students. It was shown that regular physical activity attendance of mothers plaid a significant role in LA scores (p≤.03) among the students. However, WA, and SA scores of students were not affected from their mother's habitual activities (p<.05). On the other hand, there were significant differences in WA, and SA according to father's regular physical activity attendance (p≤.01).As a conclusion, parental habitual physical activity level played an important role in high score of student's LA. It is recommended to monitor and promote parental physical activity

Eğitimcilerin Montessori yaklaşımına ilişkin yeterliklerinde Montessori eğitimci eğitim programının etkisinin incelenmesi

The research was conducted with 56 educators (28 experimental and 28 control group) in order to evaluate the effect of the Montessori Educator Training Program (METP) on the competencies of the Montessori approach. The research was carried out in experimental design. In experimental process, the METP was applied to the experimental group. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference between the pretests of groups; but also a significant difference between the posttests. And it’s also showed that there is a significant difference; however, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttests of control group. These findings showed that Program is effective on the thoughts, feelings and behaviors related to Montessori philosophy. Findings, it can be suggested that the trainings should be disseminated and that the trainings should be given by people who have knowledge of Montessori philosophy and practice and who have received training from international organizations.Montessori Eğitimci Eğitim Programının, eğitimcilerin Montessori yaklaşımına ilişkin yeterliklerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılan araştırma 56 (28 deney ve 28 kontrol) eğitimci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, ön test son test kontrol gruplu 2x2 faktöriyel desende yürütülmüş, veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Genel Bilgi Formu ve Montessori Eğitimine İlişkin Eğitimci Değerlendirme Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Deneysel süreçte deney grubundaki eğitimcilere 160 saatlik Montessori Eğitimci Eğitimi Programı uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, deney ve kontrol grubunun ön test puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını; bunun yanında son test puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Deney grubunun ön test ve son test puanları karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark olduğu; buna karşın kontrol grubunda ön ve son test puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular Montessori Eğitimci Eğitiminin Montessori felsefine ilişkin düşünce, duygu ve davranışlar üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular ışığında eğitimlerin yaygınlaştırılması, eğitimlerin Montessori felsefesi ve uygulamasına hakim, uluslararası kuruluşlardan eğitim almış kişiler tarafından verilmesi önerilebilir.

Direction of the load on the elbow of the ball blocking handball goalie

Elbow problems in goalkeepers in team handball handball goalie's elbow is common. The accepted mechanism in the common injuries is hyperextension of the elbow. The purpose of this study was to describe the elbow position at the time of impact of the ball on the hand. This study is based on video-analysis. Fifteen handball goalies (ten females and five males) who had been playing handball for a mean time of 6.5 years were used in the study. The participants were not aware of the details of the study. A national team member attacker performed repetitive shots toward the right side of each goalkeeper. The goalkeepers blocked the ball with their own usual style. Each block was videotaped with three digital cameras (one side view, one superior view, and one frontal view). The captured shots were later evaluated by three analysts as to the elbow position at the time of the impact. Seventy-eight out of 101 shots (77%) were valgus or mostly valgus load producing shots. The remaining 23 (23%) were hyperextension or mostly hyperextension load producing shots. This study shows that the elbows of the handball goalkeepers experience valgus loads at the time of ball blockade during the penalty shoot-out. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of the loads on the handball goalkeepers' elbow will help in defining ways to prevent and to treat handball goalie's elbow