Causes and consequences of public and private acculturation preferences: views of minority and majority group members in three countries

This thesis explores antecedents and effects of public and private acculturation preferences of minority and majority group members. By differentiating between acculturation in public domains (outside one’s home) and private domains (at home), and by reporting experiments, longitudinal data, and qualitative data, this thesis provides fuller insights in the acculturation process than previous literature, which has predominantly been correlational and lacked domain specificity. Chapter one provides a critical overview of the acculturation literature. Chapter two describes the results of three experiments investigating domain specificity in meta-perceptions of acculturation. In Study 1, we manipulated how Muslims were perceived to acculturate in public domains, and investigated how this affected own acculturation preferences and affective reactions of British majority members. Study 2 was similar, but perceived private acculturation preferences were manipulated too. In Study 3, we examined how the public and private acculturation preferences which British majority members were perceived to have affected own acculturation preferences and affective reactions of Muslim minority members. Chapter three presents Studies 4 and 5 which experimentally investigated the effect of perceived ingroup norms about acculturation preferences for public and private life domains. Dependent variables were majority members’ own acculturation preferences for public and private domains, their investment in acculturation, and positive affect felt towards their own ingroup members. This was studied in both England and Chile. Chapter four looks into effects of public and private acculturation of Muslim minority members on their well-being and intergroup emotions. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data are presented from two samples: Muslims in England (Study 6) and Muslims in the Netherlands (Study 7). Chapter five reports interviews with fourteen Muslims living in England in which they explain their reasons for their public and private acculturation choices (Study 8). Chapter six summarises the findings, and discusses implications and directions for future research

Dar protagonismo a los refugiados en su reasentamiento en el Reino Unido

Cada vez hay más refugiados en el Reino Unido que han pasado por un programa de reasentamiento. Los nuevos estudios realizados en ciudades británicas destacan las posibilidades que brinda la incorporación de la experiencia de los refugiados en el diseño de los programas

Putting refugees at the centre of resettlement in the UK

There are growing numbers of refugees in the UK who have been through a resettlement programme. New research in four UK cities highlights opportunities to incorporate the refugees’ expertise into programme design

'You can't have a good integration when you don't have a good communication':English language learning among resettled refugees in the UK

The research presented here is based on a large-scale, multi-methods study of refugees who have been resettled to the United Kingdom. We analyse quantitative data on language proficiency four or more years after resettlement to identify the key characteristics of those who are most likely to have low language proficiency and to be at risk of long-term dependency and exclusion. Qualitative interviews on experiences of language learning suggest that English-language policy and provision serve to exacerbate and compound the risk of social exclusion, rather than ameliorate the risk. Our findings draw attention to the lack of recognition and understanding of the diversity of resettled refugees and their differential capacities, needs and opportunities for learning. They also highlight the conflict between the policy goal of rapid entry into the labour market and the goal of language learning. These findings have clear implications for integration strategies and policy

Improving refugee well-being with better language skills and more intergroup contact

The effects of intergroup contact on prejudice are well established. However, its effects on minority group well-being have been rarely studied. We hypothesised that contact with members of the majority culture will be related to better well-being, and that this is facilitated by majority language proficiency. We tested this hypothesis in a three-wave longitudinal study of refugees over two years (N = 180). Cross-lagged path modelling confirmed that intergroup contact at earlier time points was associated with increased well-being at later time points; the reverse associations (from earlier well-being to later contact) were not reliable. Self-rated earlier English language competence was positively associated with later intergroup contact (but not the reverse), suggesting that improving majority language proficiency might be the key to better well-being of refugees, with intergroup contact being the mediator between language and well-being

PEMANFAATAN KATALIS SILIKA ALUMINA DARI BAGASSE PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG SISA PAKAI

It was synthesized biodiesel from the used cooking oil using silica alumina catalyst. The aim of this research was to establish the catalytic performance in the form of silica alumina. The silica in sugarcane baggase was extracted by 6 M sodium hydroxide until sodium silicate was obtained. Synthesis of silica alumina catalyst was conducted by reaching sodium silicate with sodium aluminate, whereas the ratio was 1:1 (v/v), then the mixture was hydrothermaly heated at 100oC for 3 days. Catalytic ability was tested on transesterification reaction of used cooking oil and methanol. This catalytic test was to measure the performance of 1% silica alumina in converting used cooking oil into biodiesel. The variables were examined including ratios of methanol:used cooking oil (1:3, 1:6 and 6:1) and contact times (60 and 120 minutes). Catalyst characteristics were determined by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX and surface analyzer, meanwhile biodiesel as the product of transesterification was determined by GC-MS. The result showed that the silica alumina catalyst was Na-sodalite that had composition of Na 17.96%, Al 18.97% and Si 17.04%. Na-sodalite had homogenized shapes and sizes which the pore diameter of 4.55 Ao, pore volume of 5.73.10-3cc/g and surface area of 1.457.105cm2/g. The biodiesel obtained at methanol:used cooking oil of 1:3 for 60 minutes was 13.83% consisting of methyl caprylate, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleat and methyl stearate. Whilst at methanol:used cooking oil of 6:1 yielded 85.51% biodiesel with methyl caprate as main component.Keywords:silica alumina, sugar cane bagasse, used cooking oil,biodiese

PEMANFAATAN KATALIS SILIKA ALUMINA DARI BAGASSE PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG SISA PAKAI

It was synthesized biodiesel from the used cooking oil using silica alumina catalyst. The aim of this research was to establish the catalytic performance in the form of silica alumina. The silica in sugarcane baggase was extracted by 6 M sodium hydroxide until sodium silicate was obtained. Synthesis of silica alumina catalyst was conducted by reaching sodium silicate with sodium aluminate, whereas the ratio was 1:1 (v/v), then the mixture was hydrothermaly heated at 100oC for 3 days. Catalytic ability was tested on transesterification reaction of used cooking oil and methanol. This catalytic test was to measure the performance of 1% silica alumina in converting used cooking oil into biodiesel. The variables were examined including ratios of methanol:used cooking oil (1:3, 1:6 and 6:1) and contact times (60 and 120 minutes). Catalyst characteristics were determined by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX and surface analyzer, meanwhile biodiesel as the product of transesterification was determined by GC-MS. The result showed that the silica alumina catalyst was Na-sodalite that had composition of Na 17.96%, Al 18.97% and Si 17.04%. Na-sodalite had homogenized shapes and sizes which the pore diameter of 4.55 Ao, pore volume of 5.73.10-3cc/g and surface area of 1.457.105cm2/g. The biodiesel obtained at methanol:used cooking oil of 1:3 for 60 minutes was 13.83% consisting of methyl caprylate, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleat and methyl stearate. Whilst at methanol:used cooking oil of 6:1 yielded 85.51% biodiesel with methyl caprate as main component.Keywords:silica alumina, sugar cane bagasse, used cooking oil,biodiese

Resettled refugee youth and education: aspiration and reality

This paper reports on research with 86 young refugees (aged 13–24 years) who were resettled to the UK between 2006 and 2010. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data we explore the educational aspirations and experiences of refugee youth, and how they negotiate post-compulsory education pathways. We find that despite the promise of educational opportunity and transformed life chances enshrined in the notion of refugee resettlement, many of the experiences and barriers to education are not dissimilar in kind to those facing refugee youth in countries of first asylum. Support for young refugees to make successful transitions into and through the education system is critical to their future lives and longer-term integration outcomes. The discussion is set within global discourses of refugee education and the literature of refugee education in the global north