Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Untuk Mewujudkan Rasa Keadilan

Penyalahgunaan Narkotika saat ini semakin banyak seiring dengan perkembangan jaman yang selalu menapaki kemudah-kemudahan aksesibilitasnya. Pengguna Narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang di berbagai kalangan telah menempati posisi yang mengkhawatirkan. Dari anak muda, remaja, pelajar, dewasa dengan berbagai profesi seperti pegawai swasta, pegawai negeri sipil, pengacara, ibu rumah tangga, polisi bahkan dari kalangan tentara yang notabenenya sebagai pelindung masyarakat.Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) yang sejatinya bertugas menegakkan kedaulatan negara, mempertahankan keutuhan wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, serta melindungi segenap bangsa dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia dari ancaman dan gangguan terhadap keutuhan bangsa dan negara seyogyanya dapat menghindari zona pemakai narkotika ataupun pengedar narkotika. Konsekuensi yang diterima bagi prajurit TNI selaku pengguna narkotika tertuang dalam peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditentukan. Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, tidak menjadi satu-satunya landasan pemidanaan bagi TNI pelaku penyalahguna narkotika. Kitab Undang-Undang Pidana Hukum Militer (KUHPM) serta peraturan-peraturan lainnya juga menjadi rujukan pemidanaan oleh hakim pengadilan militer untuk menyidangkan prajurit TNI pelaku penyalahguna narkotika. Rasa keadilan belum terwujud ketika TNI pelaku penyalahguna narkotika diberikan pidana tambahan pemecatan dari dinas. Hal tersebut menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam penyusunan tesis ini. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori penegakan hukum dan teori keadilan. Dengan teori-teori tersebut, pengaturan-pengaturan penegakan hukum bagi TNI penyalahguna narkotika dapat memberikan rasa keadilan dengan menerapkan aturan-aturan yang sesuai dengan rasa kemanusiaan. Namun hasil putusan peradilan militer dalam memutuskan perkara narkotika bagi prajurit TNI lebih mempertimbangkan sudut pandang militer yang bertujuan menciptakan rasa aman, nyaman dan tentram bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.The abuse of narcotics and illegal drugs in various circles has occupied an alarming position. From young people, teenagers, students, adults with various important professions such as the Indonesian national army whose duty is to uphold state sovereignty, defend the territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and protect the whole nation and all of Indonesia's bloodshed from threats and disturbances to the integrity of the nation. The criminal consequences received for soldiers of the Indonesian National Armed Forces as narcotics users are contained in predetermined regulations, but the sense of justice in every decision on narcotics crimes should be realized. This thesis uses two theories, namely law enforcement theory and justice theory. The sense of justice has not materialized when the Indonesian National Armed Forces, the perpetrators of narcotics abuse, are given an additional sentence of dismissal from the service. This is the main problem in the preparation of this thesis. In this study using the theory of law enforcement and the theory of justice theory. With these theories, law enforcement arrangements for the Indonesian Armed Forces who abuse narcotics can provide a sense of justice by applying rules that are in accordance with humanity. However, the results of military court decisions in deciding narcotics cases for soldiers of the Indonesian National Armed Forces take more into account the military's point of view which aims to create a sense of security, comfort and peace for all Indonesian people

Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Actuation of a Vertical Translation and Angular Manipulation Stage

Adhesion and friction during physical contact of solid components in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) often lead to device failure. Translational stages that are fabricated with traditional silicon MEMS typically face these tribological concerns. This work addresses these concerns by developing a MEMS vertical translation, or focusing, stage that uses electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) as the actuating mechanism. EWOD has the potential to eliminate solid-solid contact by actuating through deformation of liquid droplets placed between the stage and base to achieve stage displacement. Our EWOD stage is capable of linear spatial manipulation with resolution of 10 μm over a maximum range of 130 μm and angular deflection of approximately ±1°, comparable to piezoelectric actuators. We also developed a model that suggests a higher intrinsic contact angle on the EWOD surface can further improve the translational range, which was validated experimentally by comparing different surface coatings. The capability to operate the stage without solid-solid contact offers potential improvements for applications in micro-optics, actuators, and other MEMS devices.United States. Office of Naval ResearchNational Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship Program (Grant 1122374)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Major Research Instrumentation Grant for Rapid Response Research (MRI-RAPID)

Neonatal Fc receptor promoter gene polymorphism does not predict pharmacokinetics of IVIg or the clinical course of GBS

Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome with a standard course of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) results in a variable clinical recovery which is associated with changes in serum IgG levels after treatment. The neonatal Fc-receptor protects IgG from degradation, and a genetic polymorphism in its promoter region that influences the expression of Fc-receptor, may in part explain the variation in IgG levels and outcome. This polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 257 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome treated with IVIg. We could not demonstrate a relation between this polymorphism, the pharmacokinetics of IVIg, or the clinical course and outcome

Optimización de la hemoglobina preoperatoria en cirugía ortopédica mayor utilizando hierro intravenoso con o sin eritropoyetina. Estudio epidemiológico

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con hierro intravenoso, solo o asociado a eritropoyetina (rHuEPO), mediante el incremento de hemoglobina (Hb). Como objetivo secundario se analizó la relación del incremento de Hb con los parámetros utilizados para evaluar la anemia. Material y método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado en 2 centros entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2009. Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica electiva con déficit de hierro y que fueron tratados con hierro sacarosa intravenosos solo o asociado a rHuEPO. Se analizó la efectividad del tratamiento mediante la diferencia entre la Hb basal y la Hb previa a la cirugía y se valoró la relación entre los parámetros hematimétricos y del metabolismo del hierro con la efectividad del tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 412 pacientes que recibieron una mediana de 800mg de hierro sacarosa. A 125 pacientes (30,4%) se les asoció 2,4 viales de rHuEPO. El incremento de Hb fue de 0,8 (1,1) g/dL en los pacientes tratados con hierro intravenoso y de 1,5 (1,3) g/dL en los que se asoció rHuEPO (p<0,01). El incremento de Hb en los pacientes tratados con hierro se correlacionó con el porcentaje de hematíes hipocromos (r=0,52) y el valor del receptor soluble de la transferrina (r=0,59). Conclusiones: La efectividad del tratamiento con hierro sacarosa en pacientes con déficit de hierro para la optimización de la Hb preoperatoria fue moderada, siendo mayor con la administración adyuvante de eritropoyetina. La determinación de los parámetros funcionales del estado del hierro nos podría guiar para mejorar la efectividad del tratamiento

Long-term prognostic value of quantitative myocardial perfusion in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries

BACKGROUND: Patients with chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease have shown a high incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We evaluated the role of absolute myocardial perfusion quantification in predicting all-cause mortality and MACE during long-term follow-up in this group of patients. METHODS: We studied 79 patients who underwent Nitrogen-13 ammonia PET for quantification of global myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) due to suspected impaired myocardial perfusion. Patients with coronary artery disease (i.e., > 30% stenosis in one or more coronary arteries) were excluded. We assessed all-cause mortality and MACE. MACE was defined as the composite incidence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or hospitalization due to heart failure. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 8 (IQR: 3-14) years. Univariate Cox regression showed that only MFR (P = 0.01) was a predictor of all-cause mortality. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that both MFR and Stress MBF were predictors of the composite endpoint of MACE (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion may predict all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries in the long-term follow-up

Factor VII Activating Protease Polymorphism (G534E) Is Associated with Increased Risk for Stroke and Mortality

Introduction. The FSAP-Marburg I polymorphism (1704G > A), which reduces FSAP activity, is associated with late complications of carotid stenosis in humans. Therefore, this study examines the influence of the Marburg I polymorphism and the closely linked Marburg II polymorphism (1280G > C) on various cardiovascular outcomes in two large independent study populations. Methods. The two Marburg polymorphisms in the HABP2 gene encoding FSAP were genotyped in a large population of elderly patients at risk for vascular disease (the PROSPER-study, n = 5804) and in a study population treated with a percutaneous coronary intervention (the GENDER-study, n = 3104). Results. In the PROSPER study, the Marburg I polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of clinical stroke (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.13–2.28) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04–1.71). In the GENDER study carriers of this variant seemed at lower risk of developing restenosis (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.34–1.01). The Marburg II polymorphism showed similar but weaker results. Conclusion. The increase in stroke risk in Marburg I carriers could be due to differential effects on smooth muscle cells and on matrix metalloproteinases, thereby influencing plaque stability. The possible protective effect on restenosis could be the result of reduced activation of zymogens, which are involved in hemostasis and matrix remodeling

Estudio clínico y epidemiológico de un brote de beriberi húmedo en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 1992-1993

The main goal of this paper has been to understand the etiology of a clinical picture characterized by an edema of the legs and dysesthesia with motor dysfunction of the legs. In two cases the clinical picture ended up in a cardiopathy that lead to an irreversible cardiac failure. This outbreak occurred between July 1991 and June 1993 and affected selectively marines from the Escuela Naval Almirante Padilla in Cartagena the Indias. Our methodology was to carry out a case and control study as follows: ask the patients and their controls to fully answer a questionnaire; to perform clinical exams; to test for heavy metals in blood and 24 hour urine sample and to analyze the levels of thiamine in serum samples. We analyzed four sural nerve biopsies. In the two postmortem examinations we paid special attention to the myocardial changes. In enviromental and biological samples we searched for mercury, lead, arsenic and thalium. The final outcome of the study was a very uniform picture of the manifestations of a nutritional peripheral neuropathy in a group of 22 marines.This fact plus the two fatal cardiopathies that were studied both by light and electron microscopy showed changes that are compatible with those observed in beriberi. Thus, we concluded that the problem had al1 the characteristics of wet beriberi. After we concluded that the source of the problem was a nutritional dificiency, mainly of thiamine, we made the appropiate recommendations and adjustments of the diet indicated in such cases. The response was immediate and entirely satisfactory.La presente investigación ha tenido como objetivo primordial aclarar la etiología de un cuadro clínico caracterizado por edema de las piernas, disestesias con déficit motor en miembros inferiores que, en dos casos, incluyó una cardiopatía que llevó a insuficiencia cardiaca irreversible. Este brote ocurrió entre julio de 1991 y junio de 1993; afectó selectivamente infantes de marina de la Escuela Naval Almirante Padilla en Cartagena de Indias. La metodología se centró en un estudio de casos y controles en el cual se sometió a cada grupo a un cuidadoso interrogatorio, examen clínico, medición por el laboratorio de metales pesados en sangre y orina de 24 horas y estudio de niveles de tiamina en muestras de suero; se analizaron cuatro biopsias de nervio sural y en el estudio postmortem de los fallecidos se puso especial atención a las alteraciones de miocardio. En muestras ambientales y biológicas, se analizó mercurio, plomo, arsénico y talio. Los resultados totalizan un grupo de 22 infantes de marina con un cuadro muy uniforme sobre todo por las manifestaciones de una neuropatía periférica nutricional, lo cual sumado a la cardiopatía fatal en dos pacientes, cuyo estudio tanto en microscopia de luz como electrónica, demostró cambios en todo compatibles con lo observado en beriberi, permiten que se considere que el problema de fondo reune las características del beriberi húmedo. Después de concluir que el problema tenía como fondo un origen nutricional basado, en primer lugar, en una falla de tiamina, se hicieron las recomendaciones y ajustes dietéticos indicados para estos casos con una respuesta inmediata y enteramente satisfactoria

Coronary revascularization treatment based on dual-source computed tomography

Therapy advice based on dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in comparison with coronary angiography (CAG) was investigated and the results evaluated after 1-year follow-up. Thirty-three consecutive patients (mean age 61.9 years) underwent DSCT and CAG and were evaluated independently. In an expert reading (the “gold standard”), CAG and DSCT examinations were evaluated simultaneously by an experienced radiologist and cardiologist. Based on the presence of significant stenosis and current guidelines, therapy advice was given by all readers blinded from the results of other readings and clinical information. Patients were treated based on a multidisciplinary team evaluation including all clinical information. In comparison with the gold standard, CAG had a higher specificity (91%) and positive predictive value (PPV) (95%) compared with DSCT (82% and 91%, respectively). DSCT had a higher sensitivity (96%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (89%) compared with CAG (91% and 83%, respectively). The DSCT-based therapy advice did not lead to any patient being denied the revascularization they needed according to the multidisciplinary team evaluation. During follow-up, two patients needed additional revascularization. The high NPV for DSCT for revascularization assessment indicates that DSCT could be safely used to select patients benefiting from medical therapy only