Understanding and overcoming the barriers to structural steel reuse, a UK perspective

To meet greenhouse gas emission targets, at global, national and sector level, reduction opportunities should be explored in both the embodied and operational carbon of the built environment. One underexploited option to reduce embodied carbon is the reuse of structural steel. However, in the UK, work by Sansom and Avery (2014) suggests a picture of declining levels of reuse. This paper explores why this is the case by identifying the practical barriers to structural steel reuse through a series of semi-structured interviews with UK construction industry members. Whilst there were many identified barriers, five practical barriers were prioritised as being most significant: cost, availability/storage, no client demand, traceability and supply chain gaps/lack of integration. These contrast with those most commonly identified in global literature: cost, supply chain gaps/integration, risk, jointing technique, composite construction and time for deconstruction; with only two overlaps: cost and supply chain gaps/integration. Many of the barriers from literature have a technical focus (reducing salvage yield rather than completely preventing reuse) differing from the largely systemic barriers that the interviews prioritised. These systemic barriers will need to be dealt with first to increase reuse rates. This will require a coordinated approach across the UK construction supply chain. Building on interview insights, this paper proposes four mechanisms to overcome these systemic barriers: (1) the creation of a database of suppliers/reused section availability, (2) a demonstration of client demand (3) technical guidance and education for the construction industry and (4) government leadership. Together these mechanisms would improve reuse rates in the UK, reduce the embodied emissions of the built environment and play a crucial role in meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets

Champion Prize Envelope - Lincoln and Davis in 5 Rounds, 1st Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. It depicts a cartoon image of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring with a crowd of onlookers and caption at bottom. It is an off-white envelope that is printed in black ink.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-ephemera/1042/thumbnail.jp

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 2nd Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring, with crowd of onlookers, who are commenting on the action. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/1126/thumbnail.jp

CoRoT 101186644: A transiting low-mass dense M-dwarf on an eccentric 20.7-day period orbit around a late F-star

We present the study of the CoRoT transiting planet candidate 101186644, also named LRc01_E1_4780. Analysis of the CoRoT lightcurve and the HARPS spectroscopic follow-up observations of this faint (m_V = 16) candidate revealed an eclipsing binary composed of a late F-type primary (T_eff = 6090 +/- 200 K) and a low-mass, dense late M-dwarf secondary on an eccentric (e = 0.4) orbit with a period of ~20.7 days. The M-dwarf has a mass of 0.096 +/- 0.011 M_Sun, and a radius of 0.104 +0.026/-0.006 R_Sun, which possibly makes it the smallest and densest late M-dwarf reported so far. Unlike the claim that theoretical models predict radii that are 5%-15% smaller than measured for low-mass stars, this one seems to have a radius that is consistent and might even be below the radius predicted by theoretical models.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 8 pages, 10 figure

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 2nd Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring, with crowd of onlookers, who are commenting on the action. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-ephemera/1052/thumbnail.jp

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 5th Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln standing before pyramid of states, surrounded by a Champion Belt after having defeated Jefferson Davis in a prize fight. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/1124/thumbnail.jp

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 3rd Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring, with crowd of onlookers, who are commenting on the action. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/1123/thumbnail.jp

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 5th Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln standing before pyramid of states, surrounded by a Champion Belt after having defeated Jefferson Davis in a prize fight. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-ephemera/1050/thumbnail.jp

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 3rd Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring, with crowd of onlookers, who are commenting on the action. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-ephemera/1049/thumbnail.jp

Champion for Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis in 5 Rounds, 4th Round

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts William Seward and Winfield Scott in boxing ring, where Abraham Lincoln has just defeated Jefferson Davis. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-ephemera/1051/thumbnail.jp