ANALISIS PENYAJIAN SOAL LATIHAN PELAFALAN BAHASA MANDARIN DALAM BUKU ELEMENTARY COMPREHENSIVE COURSE I

Pronunciation is the entrance to speaking skills. The presentation of structured and planned teaching materials will greatly help language learners in mastering pronunciation techniques. There are many textbooks that provide creative and interesting pronunciation practice questions, but they do not pay attention to the importance of regularity and the correct stages of presentation.The Elementary Comprehensive Course I (???????? (I) F?zh?n Hàny? Ch?jí Z?nghé (I) textbook) is one of the books published by the PRC which is also widely used by Mandarin students in Indonesia. In the book series for the beginner level there are similarities in layout, namely pronunciation practice questions, new vocabulary lists, texts / discourses, practice questions to strengthen understanding of texts / discourses. The focus of this research is on the part of pronunciation practice questions. In it, there are various forms of practice questions aimed at strengthening pronunciation mastery, but many users of this book still complain about the difficulty of mastering Mandarin pronunciation. What is the reason? This study will describe the questions contained in the Elementary Comprehensive Course I textbook, then identify the accuracy in the presentation of existing practice questions, based on the principles of presenting the practice questions from ??? (Zhào J?nmíng)

An Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Polycal Wire Rope Vibration Isolators for Industrial Equipment

The Polycal Wire Rope Isolator (PWRI) is effective in isolating vibrations for equipment. The proposed work is to perform an analytical and experimental investigation on the PWRI in both vertical and lateral directions. The analytical model of static elastic stiffnesses of polycal WRI were developed using Castigliano’s second theorem and were validated using monotonic loading tests. Meanwhile, the damping characteristics of WRI were studied using the cyclic loading tests

The rewarming benefit of anterior torso heat pad application in mildly hypothermic conscious adult trauma patients remains inconclusive

The rewarming benefit of anterior torso heat pad application in mildly hypothermic conscious adult trauma patients remains inconclusive in this randomized comparative clinical trial. There was no between-group rewarming gain in ear canal temperature when an anterior torso chemical heat pad was compared with blankets. Patient awareness, and favorable perception of, being administered the active intervention (heat pad) could explain the significant improvement in patient-rated cold discomfort discerned with the heat pad. In the context of marginal demonstrated benefit, it would have been informative to ascertain adverse effects related to the heat pad, including burn injury to the chest wall

BUNYI KONSONAN BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA MANDARIN: ANALISIS KONTRASTIF

Today, there are many people start to learn Chinese language, one of the most important language in the world. The pronounciation is unique, especially the consonants. They have some contrast in the consonants. First, is between retroflex and alveolar sounds, like zh[tʂ]-z[ts]; ch[ tʂ’]-c[ts’]; sh[ʂ]-s[s]. Second, is between the aspirated and not aspirated sounds, like b[p]-p[p’]; d[t]-t[t’]; g[k]-k[k’]; j[tɕ]-q[tɕ’]; zh[tʂ]-ch[ tʂ’] and z[ts]-c[ts’]. Many Indonesian people can speak Chinese fluently, but some of them are really hard to pronounce the retroflex sounds and the aspirated sounds. Because Indonesian language doesn’t have retroflex sounds or aspirated sounds. It doesn’t mean that Indonesian peoples do not able to speak Chinese with the right pronounciation. This academic journal will compare the consonants of Chinese language and Indonesian language, find out the equal and the difference in it. By doing such comparison, we can find the way to solve the problem of Chinese language pronounciation, especially in consonants

The seasonal cycle of N_2O

We have carried out an empirical study of the seasonal cycle of nitrous oxide (N_2O) using the data archived by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA-CMDL) Global Cooperative Air Sampling Network from 1977 to 2000. In order to isolate the seasonal cycle, we first detrended the data using least square polynomial fits. The remaining variability was averaged to extract the seasonal cycle, which has an amplitude of about 0.8 ppbv. The statistical significance of the seasonal signal was established using the multitaper method and Welch's method for power spectrum analysis

Metastatic Serous Carcinoma of the Testis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Serous tumours of the testis and paratestis are rare, with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. The majority of the reported cases have been borderline serous tumours, and these tend not to recur or metastasize. Conversely, serous carcinomas can metastasize but this is often a late event. The presence of invasion in an otherwise borderline tumour has also been associated with the development of metastatic disease several years later, thus highlighting the importance of extensive sampling of all cases of borderline serous tumours. We report a case of a young man diagnosed with serous carcinoma of the testis, occurring 18 years after first diagnosis of a testicular germ cell tumour in the contralateral testis. This pattern has not previously been reported

Academic medical centers and conflicts of interest

The author suggests a combination of educational outreach, clinical audits, mailed feedback of prescribing data, interactive peer group meetings, problem-based learning, and dissemination of prescribing guidelines to improve evidence-based general practitioner prescribing

The influence of vision on the perceptual compensation for reverberation in simulated environments

In typical listening environments, auditory signals arrive at the ear as a fusion of the direct energy from sound sources and the indirect reflections via reverberation. The listener thus cannot directly access the source and reverberation components individually, highlighting that the perceptual separation of these components can be subject to ambiguity. Accurate expectations of reverberation have been shown to reduce such ambiguity. The visible features of the physical environment (e.g., spatial and surface properties) can reveal aspects of reverberation that inform such expectations, suggesting an inferential role of vision in disambiguating the source and reverberation components. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the degree to which visual information from simulated environments can affect the expectations of reverberation to consequently improve judgements of sound sources. To investigate this aim, we conducted three behavioural studies that assessed perception in audiovisual environments via online simulations created from a database of real-world locations. Chapter 3 assessed whether visual cues to the environment could inform of the reverberant properties of physical locations in an audiovisual congruence task. The results indicated a greater impression of congruence when reverberant cues were identical or similar to those represented by the depicted environment, demonstrating a capacity for vision to inform meaningful expectations of reverberation. Chapter 4 evaluated the degree to which vision contributed to the identification of speech sources within reverberation by prior exposure to visual environments. We found that exposure to the visual environment had hardly any effect on improving the identification of reverberant speech sources in this context. Chapter 5 investigated if a concurrent visual depiction of the environment would affect the tendency for estimates of sound source duration to be consistent despite varying reverberation. The results showed that source duration estimates were influenced by the degree of reverberation present, and were seemingly unaffected by any visual exposure. Taken together, the findings of this thesis suggest that scene understanding from vision contributes to the overall spatial understanding of environments and their reverberant properties, but appears to contribute little to enhancing the perceptual separation of source and reverberation components used to improve judgements of auditory sources

Sphere partition functions and quantum de Sitter thermodynamics

Driven by a tiny positive cosmological constant, our observable universe asymptotes into a casual patch in de Sitter space in the distant future. Due to the exponential cosmic expansion, a static observer in a de Sitter space is surrounded by a horizon. A semi-classical gravity analysis by Gibbons and Hawking implies that the de Sitter horizon has a temperature and entropy, obeying laws of thermodynamics. Understanding the statistical origin of these thermodynamic quantities requires a precise microscopic model for the de Sitter horizon. With the vision of narrowing the search of such a model with quantum-corrected macroscopic data, we aim to exactly compute the leading quantum (1-loop) corrections to the Gibbons-Hawking entropy, mathematically defined as the logarithm of the effective field theory path integral expanded around the round sphere saddle, i.e. sphere partition functions. This thesis discusses sphere partition functions and their relations to de Sitter (dS) thermodynamics. It consists of three main parts: The first part addresses the subtleties of 1-loop partition functions for totally symmetric tensor fields on ^{d⁺¹, and generalizes all known results to arbitrary spin ≥ 0 in arbitrary dimensions ≥ 1. Starting from a manifestly covariant and local path integral on the sphere, we carry out a detailed analysis for any massive, shift-symmetric, massless, and partially massless fields. For any field with spin ≥ 1, we find a finite contribution from longitudinal modes; for any massless and partially massless fields, there is a residual group volume factor due to modes generating constant gauge transformations; for any massless and partially massless fields with spin ≥ 2, we derive the phase factor resulted from Wick-rotating negative conformal modes, generalizing the phase factor first obtained by Polchinski for the case of massless spin 2 to arbitrary spins. The second part presents a novel formalism for studying 1-loop quantum de Sitter thermodynamics. We first argue that the Harish-Chandra character for the de Sitter group (1,+1) provides a manifestly de Sitter-invariant regularization for normal mode density of states in the static patch, without introducing boundary ambiguities as in the traditional brick wall approach. These characters encode quasinormal mode spectrums in the static patch. With these, we write down a simple integral formula for the thermal (quasi)canonical partition function, which straightforwardly generalizes to arbitrary spin representations. Then, we derive a universal formula for 1-loop sphere partition functions in terms of the (1,+1)$ characters. We find a precise relation between these and the (quasi)canonical partition function mentioned earlier: they are equal for scalars and spinors; for any fields with spin ≥ 1, they differ by ``edge'' degrees of freedom living on the de Sitter horizon. This formalism allows us to efficiently compute the exact 1-loop corrected de Sitter horizon entropy, which as we argue provides non-trivial constraints on microscopic models for the de Sitter horizon. In three dimensions, higher-spin gravity can be alternatively formulated as an sl() Chern-Simons theory, which as we show possesses an exponentially large landscape of de Sitter vacua. For each vacuum, we obtain the all-loop exact sphere partition function, given by the absolute value squared of a topological string partition function. Finally, our formalism elegantly proves the relations between generic dS, AdS, and conformal higher-spin partition functions. The last part extends our studies in the previous part to grand (quasi)canonical partition functions on the dS static patch, where we generalize the (quasi)canonical partition functions by allowing non-zero chemical potentials in some of the angular directions. For these, we derive a generalized character integral formula in terms of the full (1,+1) characters. In three dimensions, we relate them to path integrals on Lens spaces. Similar to its sphere counterpart, the Lens space path integral exhibits a ``bulk-edge'' structure

OMMA enables population-scale analysis of complex genomic features and phylogenomic relationships from nanochannel-based optical maps.

BackgroundOptical mapping is an emerging technology that complements sequencing-based methods in genome analysis. It is widely used in improving genome assemblies and detecting structural variations by providing information over much longer (up to 1 Mb) reads. Current standards in optical mapping analysis involve assembling optical maps into contigs and aligning them to a reference, which is limited to pairwise comparison and becomes bias-prone when analyzing multiple samples.FindingsWe present a new method, OMMA, that extends optical mapping to the study of complex genomic features by simultaneously interrogating optical maps across many samples in a reference-independent manner. OMMA captures and characterizes complex genomic features, e.g., multiple haplotypes, copy number variations, and subtelomeric structures when applied to 154 human samples across the 26 populations sequenced in the 1000 Genomes Project. For small genomes such as pathogenic bacteria, OMMA accurately reconstructs the phylogenomic relationships and identifies functional elements across 21 Acinetobacter baumannii strains.ConclusionsWith the increasing data throughput of optical mapping system, the use of this technology in comparative genome analysis across many samples will become feasible. OMMA is a timely solution that can address such computational need. The OMMA software is available at https://github.com/TF-Chan-Lab/OMTools