les plaies cranio-encephaliques: Aspects epidemic-Cliniques et Therapeutiques a Dakar(Senegal)

Objectif Le but de cette étude était de montrer les aspects épidémio-cliniques des plaies crânio-encéphaliques et d’évaluer leur prise en charge dans un pays Africain tel le Sénégal.Introduction La plaie crânio-encéphalique est une solution de continuité de tous les plans de couverture séparant le parenchyme cérébral du milieu extérieur. L’infection devient alors la hantise et motive la rapidité de la prise en charge.Malades et méthodes Nous avons fait une étude rétrospective de 14 dossiers colligés de janvier 2006 à janvier 2008. Tous les patients ont été admis au service d’urgence ont été évalué cliniquement par le score de Glasgow et un examen neurologique complet. Ils ont bénéficié d’un scanner cérébral avant une prise en charge médicale et chirurgicale. Ils ont été suivis sur une durée moyenne de 17 mois.Résultats L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 30 ans, avec une prédominance masculine 11cas. La principale cause était les accidents de la voie publique (8cas) suivi par les agressions (4cas). Le délai moyen avant l’hospitalisation était de 24 heures et le délai moyen de prise en charge chirurgicale était de 57 heures ; la majorité des patients avaient un bon état de conscience selon l’échelle de GLASGOW 6 cas (15 - 13) et 4 cas (12 - 9). Le scanner cérébral a permis de montrer les lésions osseuses et intra parenchymateuses : 12 cas de contusions, sept cas de pneumencéphalie, cinq cas d’hématome sous dural et 1un cas de présence de corps étranger. La prise en charge thérapeutique comportait un volet médical et un autre chirurgical (craniectomie, reconstruction de la dure mère et de la peau). La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation était de 12 jours L’évolution post opératoire immédiate était excellente était dans 12 cas. Un patient était décédé et un autre avait gardé une hémiparésie. Conclusion Les plaies crânio-encéphaliques constituent une entité neuro-traumatique assez fréquente dont la principale complication est l’infection méningée. Une prise en charge précoce avec parage et antibioprophylaxie permettraient d’obtenir des résultats satisfaisants surtout en Afrique

Two new species of Hydnum with ovoid basidiospores: H. ovoideisporum and H. vesterholtii

Two new species of Hydnum, characterized by slender Hydnum rufescens-like basidiomes and ovoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, are described from the Iberian Peninsula based on morphological and ITS molecular data. Hydnum ovoideisporum is distinguished by pilei with deep orange tones and strong preference for calcareous soil. It is widespread in the Iberian-Mediterranean area. Hydnum vesterholtii is characterized by its ocher to light ocher pileus, and nearly all the collections were made in the Pyrenees. Both ovoid-spored species are monophyletic well supported groups in the maximum parsimony and Bayesian ITS phylogenies, while the remainder of the samples assigned to H. rufescens s.l. and having globose basidiospores split into six well supported clades. The need to typify the name Hydnum rufescens is discussed, and a provisional key is given for the European taxa of Hydnum.Peer Reviewe

Fractures de hangman : a propos de cinq cas

Objectifs l’absence de consensus dans le traitement des fractures de Hangman complique la prise en charge. L’objectif de cette étude était de proposer différentes méthodes thérapeutiques accessibles toutes dans les conditions de travail d’un pays à revenu faible. Introduction Le fracture de Hangman ou fracture bipédiculaire de l’axis pose le problème de codification de sa prise en charge (traitement conservateur ou chirurgie). Nous exposons nos résultats à travers cinq dossiers de patients opérer à la lumière des données de la littérature. Patients et méthode Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective portant sur cinq patients admis en urgence entre janvier 2006 et décembre 2008 et opérés pour quatre d’entre eux après examen clinique, bilan radiographique et cotation suivant la classification d’EFFENDI (avant et après chirurgie). Le suivi s’est déroulé sur une période moyenne de 12 mois. Résultats Il s’agissait de cinq patients d’âge moyen de 34,6 ans (extrêmes de 22 et 54 ans), avec un sex ratio de 4, admis dans le service pour traumatisme du rachis cervical suite à un accident de la voie publique dans trois cas (dont une chute de charrette) et de travail dans deux cas. Leur symptomatologie était dominée par un syndrome rachidien cervical sans déficit neurologique. Ainsi quatre (04) patients ont subit une ostéosynthèse par voie postérieure selon différentes techniques dont une visée pédiculaire. Un patient a bénéficié d’un traitement orthopédique par minerve cervicale pendant 4 mois. Nous n’avons eu aucune complication à long terme. Conclusion Les « Hangman’s fracture » sont peu fréquentes. Leur traitement n’est pas encore codifié. Le traitement chirurgical est privilégié pour nous du fait des contraintes de port de minerve au long cours dans nos régions tropicales chaudes et humides.Mots-clés: hangman fracture, arthrodèse postérieure

Olutasidenib (FT-2102) in patients with relapsed or refractory IDH1-mutant glioma: A multicenter, open-label, phase Ib/II trial

BACKGROUND: Olutasidenib (FT-2102) is a highly potent, orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant and selective inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The aim of the study was to determine the safety and clinical activity of olutasidenib in patients with relapsed/refractory gliomas harboring an IDH1R132X mutation. METHODS: This was an open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized, phase Ib/II clinical trial. Eligible patients (≥18 years) had histologically confirmed IDH1R132X-mutated glioma that relapsed or progressed on or following standard therapy and had measurable disease. Patients received olutasidenib, 150 mg orally twice daily (BID) in continuous 28-day cycles. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) (cycle 1) and safety in phase I and objective response rate using the Modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria in phase II. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled and followed for a median 15.1 months (7.3‒19.4). No DLTs were observed in the single-agent glioma cohort and the pharmacokinetic relationship supported olutasidenib 150 mg BID as the recommended phase II dose. In the response-evaluable population, disease control rate (objective response plus stable disease) was 48%. Two (8%) patients demonstrated a best response of partial response and eight (32%) had stable disease for at least 4 months. Grade 3‒4 adverse events (≥10%) included alanine aminotransferase increased and aspartate aminotransferase increased (three [12%], each). CONCLUSIONS: Olutasidenib 150 mg BID was well tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory gliomas harboring an IDH1R132X mutation and demonstrated preliminary evidence of clinical activity in this heavily pretreated population

High mannose-specific lectin Msl mediates key interactions of the vaginal Lactobacillus plantarum isolate CMPG5300

To characterize the interaction potential of the human vaginal isolate Lactobacillus plantarum CMPG5300, its genome was mined for genes encoding lectin-like proteins. cmpg5300.05_29 was identified as the gene encoding a putative mannose-binding lectin. Phenotypic analysis of a gene knock-out mutant of cmpg5300.05_29 showed that expression of this gene is important for auto-aggregation, adhesion to the vaginal epithelial cells, biofilm formation and binding to mannosylated glycans. Purification of the predicted lectin domain of Cmpg5300.05_29 and characterization of its sugar binding capacity confirmed the specificity of the lectin for high-mannose glycans. Therefore, we renamed Cmpg5300.05_29 as a mannose-specific lectin (Msl). The purified lectin domain of Msl could efficiently bind to HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 and Candida albicans, and showed an inhibitory activity against biofilm formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Thus, using a combination of molecular lectin characterization and functional assays, we could show that lectin-sugar interactions play a key role in host and pathogen interactions of a prototype isolate of the vaginal Lactobacillus microbiota

First foods and gut microbes

The establishment of the human gut microbiota in early life has been associated with later health and disease. During the 1st months after birth, the microbial composition in the gut is known to be affected by the mode of delivery, use of antibiotics, geographical location and type of feeding (breast/formula). Consequently, the neonatal period and early infancy has attracted much attention. However, after this first period the gut microbial composition continues to develop until the age of 3 years, and these 1st years have been designated “a window of opportunity” for microbial modulation. The beginning and end of this window is currently debated, but it likely coincides with the complementary feeding period, marking the gradual transition from milk-based infant feeding to family diet usually occurring between 6 and 24 months. Furthermore, the ‘first 1000 days,’ i.e., the period from conception until age 2 years, are generally recognized to be of particular importance for the healthy development of children. While dietary changes are known to affect the adult gut microbiota, there is a gap in our knowledge on how the introduction of new dietary components into the diet of infants/young children affects the gut microbiota development. This perspective paper summarizes the currently very few studies addressing the effects of complementary diet on gut microbiota, and highlights the recent finding that transition to family foods greatly impacts the development of gut microbial diversity. Further, we discuss potential impacts on child health and the need for further studies on this important topic

Oxidation and Cross-Linking in the Curing of Air-Drying Artists' Oil Paints

In this study, the chemistry of air-drying artist's oil paint curing and aging up to 24 months was studied. The objective is to improve our molecular understating of the processes that lead to the conversion of the fluid binder into a dry film and how this evolves with time, which is at the base of a better comprehension of degradation phenomena of oil paintings and relevant to the artists' paint manufacturing industry. To this aim, a methodological approach based on thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and analytical pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) was implemented. Model paintings based on linseed oil and safflower oil (a drying and a semidrying oil, respectively) mixed with two historically relevant pigments - lead white (a through drier) and synthetic ultramarine blue (a pigment often encountered in degraded painting layers) - were investigated. The oil curing under accelerated conditions (80 °C under air flow) was followed by isothermal TG analysis. The oxygen uptake profiles were fit by a semiempiric equation that allowed to study the kinetics of the oil oxidation and estimate oxidative degradation. The DSC signal due to hydroperoxide decomposition and radical recombination was used to monitor the radical activity over time and to evaluate the stability of peroxides formed in the paint layers. GC-MS was performed at 7 and 24 months of natural aging to investigate the noncovalently cross-linked fractions and Py-GC-MS to characterize the whole organic fraction of the model paintings, including the cross-linked network. We show that the oil-pigment combination may have a strong influence on the relative degree of oxidation of the films formed with respect to its degree of cross-linking, which may be correlated with the literature on the stability of painting layers. Undocumented pathways of oxidation are also highlighted

Diversity of the genus Tuber from the West Balkan areas using molecular characterisation

Peer Reviewe

Strategi Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini saat Pandemi

Pandemi saat seperti ini seluruh siswa Tk Katolik  St. Thersia Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara dituntut untuk melakukan pembelajaran dirumah.  Karena dirasa pembelajaran dirumah kurang efektif untuk anak pada usia dini.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskrpitf. TK Katolik ST Thersia Kecamatan Tomohan suda melakukan pembelajaran melalui daring dikarenakan pandemi virus covid-19. Pemabalajaran dilakukan secara online melalui media zoom, terkadang tugas yang diberikan terlalu banyak dan susah bagi anak dan secara otomatis orang tua ikut membantu untuk mengerjakan tugas milik anak tersebut. Dikarenakan semakin anak tersebut sehat maka imajinasi yang dimilikinya juga semakin baik. Beda halnya dengan anak-anak yang kurang berolahraga akan menjadi sakit-sakitan, sehingga imajinasi anak tersebut terhambat karena faktor tersebut karan anak tersebut akan lebih fokus terhadap kesembuhannya nanti. Bermain bukan berarti membuang–buang waktu, pula bukan berarti membuat sang anak jadi sibuk sedangkan orang tuanya mengerjakan pekerjaannya sendiri. Anak pada usia dini seharunysa dapat melihat sudut pandang yang berbeda dari orang dewasa, maka dari itu anak juga harus dibebaskan untuk mereka berskplorasi mencari hal-hal baru tetapi dengan pemantauan dan bimbingan orang tua mereka