The CMS Phase-1 pixel detector upgrade

The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013–2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking.Peer reviewe

Less Bone Loss With Maraviroc- Versus Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5303 Study

Background. There is a need to prevent or minimize bone loss associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation. We compared maraviroc (MVC)- to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)–containing ART

L’alternanza scuola-lavoro a Sapienza: studio di caso multiplo

La collana raccoglie ricerche, indagini e studi in campo educativo svolte nell’ambito dell’Area Didattica della Pedagogia e Scienze dell’Educazione e della Formazione della Sapienza, Università di Roma, nonché rapporti di ricerca realizzati in altri Atenei italiani da ricercatori, dottorandi di ricerca o studenti universitari con la supervisione di docenti. La diffusione di queste ricerche/studio coniugano l’esigenza formativa con quella della pubblicizzazione e condivisione dei risultati, proseguendo l’intensa attività di esercitazioni di ricerca inaugurata e promossa da Aldo Visalberghi e Maria Corda Costa nell’ambito della Sapienza, Università di Roma. Le iniziative di ricerca mirano a coinvolgere istituzioni e protagonisti dei vari contesti di istruzione e formazione (studenti, scuole, insegnanti, dirigenti, istituti di ricerca, università, assessorati all’istruzione degli enti locali, esperti disciplinari), a cui risulta doveroso restituire i risultati raggiunti e le riflessioni condotte, per valorizzare il loro coinvolgimento attivo e autentico nel processo di ricerca

Employ of Citrus By-product as Fat Replacer Ingredient for Bakery Confectionery Products

Citrus fruits processing is one of the foremost industrial activities in Sicily and the main residual by-product consists in peels and seeds (known as “pastazzo”). Traditionally this by-product has been used for different purposes, and only most recently, it has been described as source of a wide range of healthy bioactive compounds and dietary fibers. In the present work, a debittered food grade orange fiber (DOF), extracted from orange juice by-product, was experimentally obtained and tested as fat-replacer at different percentages (30, 50, and 70%) in bakery confectionery products (brioches). The DOF showed high total fiber content, low water activity and a high water binding capacity. The obtained bakery products were characterized for nutritional, technological and microbiological parameters through storage at room temperature. Results highlighted that the addition of DOF results in final products with increased moisture content, mainly after 1 day of storage, and good textural proprieties. Furthermore, the fat-replacing strategy, at different levels of DOF, resulted in final products with, besides a constant content of carbohydrates, showed lowered fat content, increased content of dietary fiber and protein. In particular, the 50% fat replacement allowed to obtain brioches with improved technological properties and with desirable microbiological traits, mostly within the first 24 h from production and up to 5 days of storage

A novel brush-model with flexible carcass for transient interactions

In this investigation, a double brush model, which aims at predicting both the longitudinal and the lateral tyre characteristics during transient phases, is developed. The solution of the tyre-road contact equation is provided by using the method of characteristics and a time delay of the bristles deformation with respect to the time is also introduced by modelling both the tyre tread and the carcass by means of viscoelastic and elastic elements, respectively. The temporal trend of some quantities of interest such as the adherence length and the critical slip value is then obtained as explicit function of the time or, equivalently, of the travelled distance. A preliminary analysis is carried out with reference to the transition from a pure rolling condition to accelerating or braking ones. The tyre response to a constant lateral slip input is also comprehensively discussed. Finally, in the case of consecutive manoeuvre, the model shows that all the generalised forces exerted by the road on the tyre vary continuously by introducing a finite increase in the slip parameter. Several examples are presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model to severe braking or handling dynamic scenarios

Adaptive vehicle dynamics state estimator for onboard automotive applications and performance analysis

This work describes the development of a vehicle state estimator, designed to be employed onboard in real-time, based on the data acquisitions already available within the vehicle CAN bus infrastructure. The proposed estimation algorithm, taking into account the suspension elasto-kinematics, the longitudinal, lateral and combined dynamics of the tyres as well as the aligning interaction torques at the ground, represents at the current stage a significantly complete tool, since it also provides an estimation of road slope and banking angles, generalising the adoption of the presented vehicle model even on highly inclined roads. A further advantage of the presented estimator consists of its capability to identify in real-time and with a good level of accuracy the tyre/road interaction physical characteristics in terms of grip and cornering stiffness

Identification of Tire Transient Parameters from Vehicle Onboard Sensors Data

Measuring and modeling vehicle response delays is a fundamental prerequisite for dynamic simulations, both in real-time driving platforms and in offline systems. With a human driver the delays have a heavy influence on the driving feeling and for the achievement of the optimal lap times. If artificial intelligence is driving, lap times can be improved by using algorithms able to calculate vehicle states, whose reliable reproduction is deeply linked to the delay’s evaluation. In this paper, a methodology to estimate pneumatic relaxation lengths and the parameters that determine them is proposed. To do this, a double track model is used, in which the unknown parameters are varied until the congruence between the model output and the experimental data is reached

Experimental and numerical analysis of bifurcations, rattle and chaos in a gear transmission system

A novel experimental set-up is presented to study the complex behavior exhibited by gear systems. Speci¯cally, using an appropriate model of the experimental rig, the coexistence of several periodic orbits characterized by di®erent numbers of im- pacts per period is shown to be a fundamental mechanism in organizing the system dynamics. The presence of damping due to squeeze oil e®ects is taken explicitly into account. The aim is to uncover the e®ects of such damping on the complex behavior exhibited by the system. Preliminary two-parameter bifurcation diagrams will be presented together with phase space trajectories to support the analysis