64 research outputs found

    Underfrequency load shedding based on analysis of voltage angle speed changing

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    Π’ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ систСма ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ (ПА) Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми (Π•Π‘). ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ” вдосконалСння структури Ρ‚Π° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡ–Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ систСми АЧР-1 Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ використання сучасних Ρ–Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–ΠΉ, Π° самС систСми ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ–Π² (БМПР). ДослідТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ модСлювання Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ складної СнСргосистСми ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ– Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… ситуацій Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ комплСксі Power Factory. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ” пропонування ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— систСми АЧР-1.The object and subject of study is a system of emergency control automatics electricity system (ES). The objective is to improve the structure and algorithms of underfrequency load shedding -1 by using modern information technologies, such as Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS). Research carried out by simulation of complex power system in case of various emergencies by programe Power Factory. Resulted in a conclusion on the possible modernization of the underfrequency load shedding -1.Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ рассматриваСтся систСма ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ (ПА) элСктроэнСргСтичСской систСмы (Π­Π‘). ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ структуры ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ систСмы АЧР-1 Π·Π° счСт использования соврСмСнных ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ систСмы ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² (БМПР). ИсслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ модСлирования Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ слоТной энСргосистСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ситуаций Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ комплСксС Power Factory. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ систСмы АЧР-1

    Dynamical chaos in the problem of magnetic jet collimation

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    We investigate dynamics of a jet collimated by magneto-torsional oscillations. The problem is reduced to an ordinary differential equation containing a singularity and depending on a parameter. We find a parameter range for which this system has stable periodic solutions and study bifurcations of these solutions. We use Poincar\'e sections to demonstrate existence of domains of regular and chaotic motions. We investigate transition from periodic to chaotic solutions through a sequence of period doublings.Comment: 11 pages, 29 figures, 1 table, MNRAS (published online

    ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ эффСктивности автоматичСской частотной Ρ€Π°Π·Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ энСргосистСмы

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    Π£ статті Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ систСма Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ частотного розвантаТСння (АЧР) Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ” вдосконалСння структури ΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡ–Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ систСми АЧР-1 Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ використання сучасних Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–ΠΉ, Π° самС ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ–Π². ДослідТСння проводилися модСлюванням Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ складної СнСргосистСми ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ– Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… ситуацій Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ комплСксі Power Factory. Завданнями Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ виявлСння Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° появу Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— ситуації, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ розроблСння Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡƒ фіксації Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— ситуації Π·Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ. Π£ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ фіксації Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— ситуації Π·Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ– новизною Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ” пропозиція ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— систСми АЧР-1 Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ увСдСння Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пускового ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³ΡƒΡ” Π½Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ, яка Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡ” ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ систСми АЧР-1. Завдяки Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ запуск систСми АЧР Π²Ρ–Π΄Π±ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ досягнСнні β€œΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡ—β€ уставки ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π° ΠΉ Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ Ρƒ Π²ΡƒΠ·Π»Ρ–.The paper considers the frequency load shedding of an electric power system. The objective of this paper is to enhance the structure and algorithms of frequency load shedding-1 (AUFLS-1) using cutting-edge technologies, namely Wide Area Measurement System. We model the operation of the system of complex power supply when various emergencies in the Power Factory software occur. We aim at revealing the fact of the voltage corner reaction on the emergency occurrence and elaborating the algorithm of detecting the emergency by speed of voltage corner change. The result and novelty of this research is that we propose how to upgrade the system AUFLS-1 by introducing the additional starting block reacting to the speed of the voltage corner change which increases the speed of AUFLS-1 system operation. As a result the system AUFLS-1 starts up not only by achieving β€œfrequency” set point but also by analyzing the speed of voltage corner change.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся систСма автоматичСской частотной Ρ€Π°Π·Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ (АЧР) элСктроэнСргСтичСской систСмы. ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ структуры ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ систСмы АЧР-1 Π·Π° счСт использования соврСмСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ². ИсслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ модСлирования Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ слоТной энСргосистСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ситуаций Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ комплСксС Power Factory. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ выявлСниС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния Π½Π° появлСниС Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° фиксации Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации ΠΏΠΎ скорости измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ фиксации Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации ΠΏΠΎ скорости измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ систСмы АЧР-1 Π·Π° счСт ввСдСния Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пускового ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния, которая ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ систСмы АЧР-1. Благодаря этому запуск систСмы АЧР происходит Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ достиТСнии β€œΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉβ€ уставки срабатывания, Π° ΠΈ Π·Π° счСт Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° скорости измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния Π² ΡƒΠ·Π»Π΅

    C, О, S, and Sr Isotope Geochemistry and Chemostratigraphy of Ordovician Sediments in the Moyero River Section, Northern Siberian Platform

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    Β© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio in gypsum and limestones of the Ordovician section of the Moyero River decreases from the bottom upward from 0.7091β€’0.7095 in the Irbukli Formation (Nyaian Regional Stage, ~Lower Ordovician Tremadocian Stage) to 0.7080 in the upper part of the Dzherom Formation (Dolborian Regional Stage, ~Upper Ordovician Katian Stage), which is well consistent with biostratigraphic subdivision of the section and existing concept concerning the strontium isotope evolution of the World Ocean. The most characteristic feature of the carbon isotope curve is decrease of Ξ΄13Π‘ values in carbonates from weakly positive values (0.5…1.1‰) in the Irbukli Formation (Nyaian Regional Stage) to sharply negative values (–5.4..–5.8‰) in the middle part of the Kochakan Formation (top of the Kimaian Regional Stage, ~end of the Dapingian–base of the Darriwilian Stage). Increase of Ξ΄18О from 20β€’22‰ to 26β€’28‰, the negative correlation of Ξ΄13Π‘ and Ξ΄18О, and decrease of Ξ΄34S in gypsum from 30β€’32‰ to 22β€’24‰ in this interval indicate that the 13Π‘ depletion of carbonates was not related to the sulfate reduction and oxidation of organic matter during diagenesis and that the negative Ξ΄13Π‘ excursion was of primary nature. The presence of negative Ξ΄13Π‘ anomalies at this stratigraphic level in Ordovician sections of the South and North America (Buggish et al., 2003; Edwards and Saltzman, 2014; McLaughlin et al., 2016) indicates the global or subglobal distribution of this event, which was possibly related to the emergence of the oldest ground vegetation. Against the general decrease of Ξ΄13Π‘, the lower part of the section reveals three low-amplitude (1β€’2‰) positive excursions, the position of which in general confirms the existing correlation scheme of the Moyero River section with the international scale. The upper part of the section is characterized by the alternation of low-Ξ΄13Π‘ intervals (from–2 to–3‰) and brief positive excursions with amplitude of 0.5β€’1.3‰. The positive Ξ΄13Π‘ excursion terminating the Ordovician section of the Moyero River correlates with the Ξ΄13Π‘ excursion in the middle Katian Stage, while the Ξ΄13Π‘ excursion in the lower part of the Baksian Regional Stage correlates with the excursion marking the Katian–Sandbian boundary

    Electric current circuits in astrophysics

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    Cosmic magnetic structures have in common that they are anchored in a dynamo, that an external driver converts kinetic energy into internal magnetic energy, that this magnetic energy is transported as Poynting fl ux across the magnetically dominated structure, and that the magnetic energy is released in the form of particle acceleration, heating, bulk motion, MHD waves, and radiation. The investigation of the electric current system is particularly illuminating as to the course of events and the physics involved. We demonstrate this for the radio pulsar wind, the solar flare, and terrestrial magnetic storms

    Π‘ΠžΠ‘Π«Π’Π˜Π™ΠΠΠ― Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ’Π˜Π“Π ΠΠ€Π˜Π― И ΠŸΠ ΠžΠ‘Π›Π•ΠœΠ« ΠšΠžΠ Π Π•Π›Π―Π¦Π˜Π˜ ΠžΠ Π”ΠžΠ’Π˜ΠšΠ‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ’ΠžΠΠžΠ’ Π“ΠžΠ ΠΠžΠ“Πž АЛВАЯ И Π‘ΠΠ›ΠΠ˜Π Π

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    Study of the Ordovician sedimentary sequences of Gorny Altai and Salair has revealed lithological and paleontological features correlating with global sedimentary events:(1) The Acerocare Regressive Event (an initial event in the Early Tremadocian);(2) Black Mountain Transgressive Event (Early Tremadocian);(3) Peltocare Regressive Event (Tremadocian);(4) Kelly Creek Regressive Event (Late Tremadocian);(5) Ceratopyge Regressive Event (Late Tremadocian);(6) Billingen Transgressive Event (Early Floian);(7) Stein Lowstand Event (Middle Darriwilian);(8) Vollen Lowstand Event (Sandbian);(9) Arestad Drowning Event (Middle Sandbian);(10) Frognerkilen Lowstand Event (Early Katian);(11) Linearis Drowning Events 1 and 2 (Middle Katian);(12) Terminal Husbergoya Lowstand Event (Hirnantian); and(13) Hirnantian Lowstand Event (HICE) (Late Ordovician).The chronostratigraphic levels with traces of the global sedimentary events in the Uymen-Lebed structural-facies zone (SFZ) (Gorny Altai) differ from those in the Charysh-Inya and Anui-Chuya SFZ (Altai). In the Ordovician, the Altai basin located in the Charysh-Inya and Anui-Chuya SFZ was a marine area separated from both the Uymen-Lebed basin and the coeval Salair basin. The traces of the global sedimentary and/or biotic events in the Altai and Salair sections can be used as a precise basis for direct correlation of the local stratigraphic units with the units of the International Stratigraphic Chart.Π’ ордовикских осадочных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡΡ… Π“ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Алтая ΠΈ Π‘Π°Π»Π°ΠΈΡ€Π° Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ литологичСскиС ΠΈ палСонтологичСскиС особСнности, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ с Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ сСдимСнтационными событиями:1) ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ раннСтрСмадокским рСгрСссивным АцСрокарС (Acerocare),2) раннСтрСмадокским трансгрСссивным Блэк ΠœΠ°ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ (Black Mountain),3) трСмадокским рСгрСссивным ΠŸΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΅ (Peltocare),4) позднСтрСмадокским рСгрСссивным КСлли ΠšΡ€ΠΈΠΊ (Kelly Creek),5) позднСтрСмадокским рСгрСссивным Π¦Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ³Π΅ (Ceratopyge),6) раннСфлоским трансгрСссивным Π‘ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π½ (Billingen),7) ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ рСгрСссивным Π‘Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉΠ½ (Stein),8) раннСсандбийским рСгрСссивным Π’ΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π½ (Vollen Lowstand),9) срСднСсанбийским трансгрСссивным Аристад (Arestad),10) раннСкатийским рСгрСссивным Π€Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ (Frognerkilen),11) срСднСкатийским рСгрСссивным ЛинСарис (Linearis),12) хирнантским рСгрСссивным – Π’Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π₯усбСргойя (Terminal Husbergoya),13) позднСордовикским рСгрСссивным Π₯ΠΈΡ€Π½Π°Π½Ρ‚ (Hirnantian Lowstand) (HICE).Π₯роностратиграфичСскиС ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ проявлСния слСдов Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сСдимСнтационных событий Π² УймСнско-ЛСбСдской структурно-Ρ„Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ (Π‘Π€Π—) Π“ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Алтая ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ проявлСния слСдов Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сСдимСнтационных событий Π² Π§Π°Ρ€Ρ‹ΡˆΡΠΊΠΎ-Инской ΠΈ Ануйско-Чуйской Π‘Π€Π— Алтая. Алтайский ордовикский бассСйн, Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² Π§Π°Ρ€Ρ‹ΡˆΡΠΊΠΎ-Инской ΠΈ Ануйско-Чуйской Π‘Π€Π—, Π±Ρ‹Π» морской Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, обособлСнной ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚ УймСнско-ЛСбСдского, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ Балаирского одновозрастного бассСйна. ЗафиксированныС Π² алтайских ΠΈ салаирских Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π°Ρ… слСды Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сСдимСнтационных ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) биотичСских событий ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ основой для прямой коррСляции мСстных стратиграфичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ с ярусными подраздСлСниями ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стратиграфичСской ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹

    INTEGRAL observations of SS433: Results of a coordinated campaign

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    Results of simultaneous INTEGRAL and optical observations of the galactic microquasar SS433 in May 2003 and INTEGRAL/RXTE observations in March 2004 are presented. Persistent precessional variability with a maximum to minimum uneclipsed hard X-ray flux ratio of ∼4 is discovered. The 18-60 keV X-ray eclipse is found to be in phase with optical and near infrared eclipses. The orbital eclipse observed by INTEGRAL in May 2003 is at least two times deeper and apparently wider than in the soft X-ray band. The broadband 2-100 keV X-ray spectrum simultaneously detected by RXTE/INTEGRAL in March 2004 can be explained by bremsstrahlung emission from optically thin thermal plasma with kT ∼ 30 keV. Optical spectroscopy with the 6-m SAO BTA telescope confirmed the optical companion to be an A5-A7 supergiant. For the first time, spectorscopic indications of a strong heating effect in the optical star atmosphere are found. The measurements of absorption lines which are presumably formed on the non-illuminated side of the supergiant yield its radial velocity semi-amplitude Kv = 132 Β±9 km s-1. The analysis of the observed hard X-ray light curve and the eclipse duration, combined with the spectroscopically determined optical star radial velocity corrected for the strong heating effect, allows us to model SS433 as a massive X-ray binary. Assuming that the hard X-ray source in SS433 is eclipsed by the donor star that exactly fills its Roche lobe, the masses of the optical and compact components in SS433 are suggested to be Mv β‰ˆ 30 MβŠ™ and Mx β‰ˆ 9 MβŠ™, respectively. This provides further evidence that SS433 is a massive binary system with supercritical accretion onto a black hole. Β© ESO 2005

    Modelling Jets, Tori and Flares in Pulsar Wind Nebulae

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    In this contribution we review the recent progress in the modelling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN). We start with a brief overview of the relevant physical processes in the magnetosphere, the wind-zone and the inflated nebula bubble. Radiative signatures and particle transport processes obtained from 3D simulations of PWN are discussed in the context of optical and X-ray observations. We then proceed to consider particle acceleration in PWN and elaborate on what can be learned about the particle acceleration from the dynamical structures called GwispsG observed in the Crab nebula. We also discuss recent observational and theoretical results of gamma-ray flares and the inner knot of the Crab nebula, which had been proposed as the emission site of the flares. We extend the discussion to GeV flares from binary systems in which the pulsar wind interacts with the stellar wind from a companion star. The chapter concludes with a discussion of solved and unsolved problems posed by PWN
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