Voltage-temperature charge verification testing of 34 ampere-hour nickel-cadmium cells

This testing was designed to evaluate various voltage-temperature (V-T) charge curves for use in low-Earth-orbit (LEO) applications of nickel-cadmium battery cells. The trends established relating V-T level to utilizable capacity were unexpected. The trends toward lower capacity at higher V-T levels was predominant in this testing. This effect was a function of the V-T level, the temperature, and the cell history. This effect was attributed to changes occurring in the positive plate. The results imply that for some applications, the use of even lower V-T levels may be warranted. The need to limit overcharge, especially in the early phases of missions, is underlined by this test program

On the rise and fall of a ball with linear or quadratic drag

We review the problem of a vertically thrown ball, with a drag force which is either linear or quadratic in the speed. It is stressed from the outset that these two types of drag correspond to specific ranges of the Reynolds number (Re<1 and 103<Re<2×105, respectively) and do not hold outside these intervals. We also include the buoyant force in our treatment of the problem. The equations of motion are solved analytically and several true-to-life examples are discussed. The calculations are somewhat harder than for the well-known case without drag force, but no highbrow mathematics is required and the extra effort is amply compensated by the gain in realism and surprise value. © 1999 American Association of Physics Teachers

A 34 ampere-hour nickel-cadmium minimum trickle charge testing

The current rates used for trickle charging batteries are critical in maintaining a full charge and in preventing an overcharge condition. The importance of the trickle charge rate comes from the design, maintenance and operational requirements of an electrical power system. The results of minimum trickle charge testing performed on six 34 ampere-hour, nickel-cadmium cells manufactured by General Electric are described. The purpose of the testing was to identify the minimum trickle charge rates at temperatures of 15 C and 30 C

Burgermeesterboek: Lokaal en duurzaam innoveren voor iedereen

Iedere tijd vraagt om zijn eigen manier van innoveren. Onze tijd vraagt om burge(r)meesters: bijzondere burgers met lef die een heldere visie hebben op de toekomst. Het Burge(r)meesterboek maakt duidelijk hoe deze burge(r)meesters samen met bestuurders, beleidsmedewerkers, ondernemers en inwoners aan een duurzaam Nederland kunnen werken. Pepik Henneman en Derk Loorbach beschrijven een methode waarbij initiatieven en ideeën van koplopers uit het bedrijfsleven, overheid en samenleving verbonden worden tot een gezamenlijke visie en aanpak. Deze benadering is gebaseerd op de laatste inzichten uit transitiemanagement, co-creatie en ervaringen met diverse succesvolle lokale pioniersprojecten en helpt gemeentes, provincies en lokale pioniers om samen innovatieprocessen te versnellen. Een boek over en vooral voor bijzondere, betrokken burgers, beleidsmakers én burgervaders, die samen de slag om morgen willen winnen voor de nieuwe generaties. Met veertien portretten van Burge(r)meesters

Chemokines: structure, receptors and functions. A new target for inflammation and asthma therapy?

Five to 10% of the human population have a disorder of the respiratory tract called ‘asthma’. It has been known as a potentially dangerous disease for over 2000 years, as it was already described by Hippocrates and recognized as a disease entity by Egyptian and Hebrew physicians. At the beginning of this decade, there has been a fundamental change in asthma management. The emphasis has shifted from symptom relief with bronchodilator therapies (e.g. β2-agonists) to a much earlier introduction of anti-inflammatory treatment (e.g. corticosteroids). Asthma is now recognized to be a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, involving various inflammatory cells and their mediators. Although asthma has been the subject of many investigations, the exact role of the different inflammatory cells has not been elucidated completely. Many suggestions have been made and several cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, such as the eosinophils, the mast cells, the basophils and the lymphocytes. To date, however, the relative importance of these cells is not completely understood. The cell type predominantly found in the asthmatic lung is the eosinophil and the recruitment of these eosinophils can be seen as a characteristic of asthma. In recent years much attention is given to the role of the newly identified chemokines in asthma pathology. Chemokines are structurally and functionally related 8–10 kDa peptides that are the products of distinct genes clustered on human chromosomes 4 and 17 and can be found at sites of inflammation. They form a superfamily of proinflammatory mediators that promote the recruitment of various kinds of leukocytes and lymphocytes. The chemokine superfamily can be divided into three subgroups based on overall sequence homology. Although the chemokines have highly conserved amino acid sequences, each of the chemokines binds to and induces the chemotaxis of particular classes of white blood cells. Certain chemokines stimulate the recruitment of multiple cell types including monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils, which are important cells in asthma. Intervention in this process, by the development of chemokine antagonists, might be the key to new therapy. In this review we present an overview of recent developments in the field of chemokines and their role in inflammations as reported in literature

Analisis Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Texas Chicken Manado

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Texas Chicken Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, Variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Budaya (X1) Sosial (X2) Pribadi (X3) Psikologis (X4) yang dihipotesiskan berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Sampel berjumlah 100 orang dengan metode Purposive Sampel. Instrumen kuesioner digunakan sebagai pengumpul data. Pengujian validitas, reliabilitas atas indikator-indikator dan konsep variabel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linier berganda secara parsial maupun simultan variabel budaya, social, pribadi dan psikologis berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan pembelian di texas chicken manado

Cross-Comparison of Climate Change adaptation Strategies Across Large River Basins in Europe, Africa and Asia

A cross-comparison of climate change adaptation strategies across regions was performed, considering six large river basins as case study areas. Three of the basins, namely the Elbe, Guadiana, and Rhine, are located in Europe, the Nile Equatorial Lakes region and the Orange basin are in Africa, and the Amudarya basin is in Central Asia. The evaluation was based mainly on the opinions of policy makers and water management experts in the river basins. The adaptation strategies were evaluated considering the following issues: expected climate change, expected climate change impacts, drivers for development of adaptation strategy, barriers for adaptation, state of the implementation of a range of water management measures, and status of adaptation strategy implementation. The analysis of responses and cross-comparison were performed with rating the responses where possible. According to the expert opinions, there is an understanding in all six regions that climate change is happening. Different climate change impacts are expected in the basins, whereas decreasing annual water availability, and increasing frequency and intensity of droughts (and to a lesser extent floods) are expected in all of them. According to the responses, the two most important drivers for development of adaptation strategy are: climate-related disasters, and national and international policies. The following most important barriers for adaptation to climate change were identified by responders: spatial and temporal uncertainties in climate projections, lack of adequate financial resources, and lack of horizontal cooperation. The evaluated water resources management measures are on a relatively high level in the Elbe and Rhine basins, followed by the Orange and Guadiana. It is lower in the Amudarya basin, and the lowest in the NEL region, where many measures are only at the planning stage. Regarding the level of adaptation strategy implementation, it can be concluded that the adaptation to climate change has started in all basins, but progresses rather slowl

Electric Dipole Radiation from Spinning Dust Grains

We discuss the rotational excitation of small interstellar grains and the resulting electric dipole radiation from spinning dust. Attention is given to excitation and damping of rotation by: collisions with neutrals; collisions with ions; plasma drag; emission of infrared radiation; emission of microwave radiation; photoelectric emission; and formation of H_2 on the grain surface. We introduce dimensionless functions F and G which allow direct comparison of the contributions of different mechanisms to rotational drag and excitation. Emissivities are estimated for dust in different phases of the interstellar medium, including diffuse HI, warm HI, low-density photoionized gas, and cold molecular gas. Spinning dust grains can explain much, and perhaps all, of the 14-50 GHz background component recently observed in CBR studies. It should be possible to detect rotational emission from small grains by ground-based observations of molecular clouds.Comment: 59 pages, 19 eps figures, uses aaspp4.sty . Submitted to Ap.