Revision of New World \u3ci\u3eCosmorrhyncha\u3c/i\u3e Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species

Although well studied in the Afrotropical Region, the genus Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), has received little attention in the New World, where it apparently is restricted to the Neotropics from Guatemala south to Paraguay. Seven species are recognized, five of which are described as new: C. tonsana (Walker, 1863) (Type locality: Brazil); C. ocelliferana (Walker, 1863) (TL: Brazil); C. landryi Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: French Guiana); C. parintina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. macrospina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. albistrigulana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica); and C. osana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica). Our circumscription of C. ocelliferana is rather broad and most likely encompasses a species complex rather than a single entity. Larvae of C. tonsana have been reared from Picramnia latifolia Tul. (Picramniaceae), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (Fabaceae), and Machaerium seemannii Benth. ex Seem. (Fabaceae) in Costa Rica; and those of C. albistrigulana from Dialium guianense (Fabaceae)

New species and new combinations in Afrotropical \u3ci\u3eEucosmocydia\u3c/i\u3e Diakonoff, 1988 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)

Eight new species of Eucosmocydia Diakonoff are described and illustrated from the Afrotropical region: E. pappeana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. deinbolliana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. ugandensis Aarvik, new species (TL: Uganda); E. lecaniodiscana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. nigeriana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Nigeria); E. pan­coviana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. kirimiriana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); and E. macabensis Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Mauritius). Three additional species are transferred to the genus: E. hymenosa (Razowski, 2013), new combination (TL: Nigeria); E. chlorobathra (Meyrick, 1911), new combination (TL: Seychelles); and E. trigonoptila (Meyrick, 1921), new combination (TL: Mozambique). We also transfer to the genus E. catamochla (Meyrick, 1932), new combination (TL: Indonesia), the first species recorded outside the Afrotropical region. We recognize two species groups in Eucosmocydia, and this contribution focuses on the oedipus Diakonoff, 1988 group (n = 13 species), the males of which are characterized by a unique flattened lobe from the base of the hindwing. Six species from Kenya were reared exclusively from native fruit of Sapindaceae; E. mixographa (Meyrick) was formerly reported from Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae

Virulent Diuraphis noxia Aphids Over-Express Calcium Signaling Proteins to Overcome Defenses of Aphid-Resistant Wheat Plants

Citation: Sinha, D. K., Chandran, P., Timm, A. E., Aguirre-Rojas, L., & Smith, M. (2016). Virulent Diuraphis noxia Aphids Over-Express Calcium Signaling Proteins to Overcome Defenses of Aphid-Resistant Wheat Plants. PLoS One, 11(1), 20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146809The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum, and barley, Hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in Africa, South America, and North America. Most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of D. noxia-resistant varieties, and numerous D. noxia resistance genes have been identified in T. aestivum and H. vulgare. North American D. noxia biotype 1 is avirulent to T. aestivum varieties possessing Dn4 or Dn7 genes, while biotype 2 is virulent to Dn4 and avirulent to Dn7. The current investigation utilized next-generation RNAseq technology to reveal that biotype 2 over expresses proteins involved in calcium signaling, which activates phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism. Calcium signaling proteins comprised 36% of all transcripts identified in the two D. noxia biotypes. Depending on plant resistance gene-aphid biotype interaction, additional transcript groups included those involved in tissue growth; defense and stress response; zinc ion and related cofactor binding; and apoptosis. Activation of enzymes involved in PI metabolism by D. noxia biotype 2 aphids allows depletion of plant calcium that normally blocks aphid feeding sites in phloem sieve elements and enables successful, continuous feeding on plants resistant to avirulent biotype 1. Inhibition of the key enzyme phospholipase C significantly reduced biotype 2 salivation into phloem and phloem sap ingestion

Cosmorrhyncha albistrigulana Brown and Razowski 2020, sp. n.

<i>Cosmorrhyncha albistrigulana</i> Brown and Razowski, sp. n. <p>Fig. 5, 12, 19, 20, 25, 28</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Superficially, <i>C. albistrigulana</i> is nearly indistinguishable from <i>C. osana</i>; both have conspicuous white costal strigulae on the forewing. In the male genitalia of <i>C. albistrigulana</i> the cucullus is much shorter and somewhat rhomboidal with a flattened outer margin compared to the longer, evenly curved outer margin of the cucullus of <i>C. osana</i>. The female genitalia of <i>C. albistrigulana</i> and <i>C. osana</i> are extremely similar, with a rectangular or U-shaped posterior margin of sternum 7.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Head</i>. Vertex pale brown; frons lighter, with some orange; labial palpus (Fig. 5) pale brown with narrow, longitudinal metallic blue stripe dorsally and slightly subdorsally along outer margin, bordered on each side by a narrow line of orange scales; third segment black; pedicel of antenna with subcircular patch of dark-brown scales. <i>Thorax</i>. Nota pale brown dorsally, with scales cream-tipped. Forewing (Fig. 12) length 5.5–7.0 mm in male (<i>n =</i> 10), 6.0–7.0 mm in female (<i>n =</i> 5); costa slightly and evenly arched throughout; ground color pale reddish brown with cream olive hue; distal portion of costa and postapical portion of termen with narrow orange line; costal strigulae numerous, especially in basal 0.7, cream to white, divisions olive grey and pale orange; a slightly raised, roundish patch of silver opalescent scales near apex of discal cell, surrounded by small patch of black scales; similar patch near costa approximately 0.3 distance from base to apex, more elongate than rounded, less defined. Fringe pale reddish brown. Hindwing pale brown, paler in marginal region. Fringe pale-gray to cream. <i>Abdomen</i>. Brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 19, 20) with uncus rounded-bifurcate apically, with cluster of long setae on each bifurcation; socii with fine hairs, broadest at base, digitate in distal 0.8, angled in basal 0.1; valva slightly broader basally, somewhat parallel-sided, without neck; costa with small, slightly hairy, triangular subbasal process without spine(s); weakly elevated lobe with a pair of large, stout setae beyond subbasal process; a pair of long, slender setae near outer edge of basal cavity; cucullus short, rhomboidal, occupying distal 0.40–0.45 of valva differentiated by slightly elevated ridge along basal edge, with small lobelike expansion bearing a single long seta near middle; ventral edge of cucullus mostly evenly rounded to apex, except for small, weakly concave region subapically; a few spines along outer edge; phallus short, broad, with slightly undulate dorsum bearing a few weak serrations in apical 0.25; vesica with a single small, socketed cornutus. Female genitalia (Fig. 25) with papillae anales unmodified; sterigma large, weakly sclerotized throughout, ostium bursae flanked subterminally by large, posteriorly expanded lobes, notched postero-medially; antrum urn-shaped, broadest posteriorly, tapering proximally; ductus bursae narrow, straight in posterior 0.5, with slightly expanded portion ~0.6 distance from ostium to junction with corpus bursae, infrequently coiled one-half revolution (possibly as the result of mating), slightly broadened in anterior 0.33, with junction between ductus bursae and corpus bursae less defined; corpus bursae ovoid, finely punctate throughout, signum with single, large, spindle-shaped blade; posterior margin of segment 7 with deep U-shaped excavation with sclerotized edges.</p> <p> <b>Types.</b> Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biologia La Selva, 50–150 m, 10°26′N, 84°01′W, 2 Dec 1998, MNCR-OET, USNM slide 124,923 (MNCR). Paratypes (21♂, 38♀). BRAZIL: Maranhão: Açailândia, 150 m, 19–27 Nov 1990 (1♂), V. O. Becker and G. S. Dubois, col 77692, USNM slide 124,818 (USNM). Rondônia: Cacaulandia, 140 m, Nov 1994 (1♀), Col. Becker 96273, USNM slide 124,796, Nov 1991 (1♀), Col. Becker 80239. Porto Velho, 180 m, 12 May 1989 (3♀), Col. Becker 76348, USNM slide 124,409. COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Finca San Gabriel, 2 km SW Dos Rios, 600 m, May 1989 (1♀), GNP Biodiv. Survey (MNCR). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Conguera, 420 m, 10.91589, –85.26631, 19 Feb 2012, P. Calderon, em: 29 Feb 2012 (2♂), em: 2 Mar 2012 (1♀), em: 3 Mar 2012 (2♂, 3♀), em: 4 Mar 2012 (2♂), em: 6 Mar 2012 (1♂), em: 14 Mar 2012 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-40588, 12-SRNP-40603, 12-SRNP-40578, 12-SRNP-40573, 12-SRNP-40595, 12-SRNP-40602, 12-SRNP-40575, 12-SRNP-40597, 12-SRNP-40604, 12-SRNP-40596, 12-SRNP-40607, 12-SRNP-40586 (USNM); same locality, 25 Feb 2012, A. Cordoba, em: 7 Mar 2012 (2♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, em: 8 Mar 2012 (2♀), em: 9 Mar 2012 (1♂), em: 11 Mar 2012 (1♀), em: 12 Mar 2012 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-40785, 12-SRNP-40800, 12-SRNP-40787, 12-SRNP-40794, 12-SRNP-40777, 12-SRNP-40796, 12-SRNP-40768 (USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Pila, 157 m, 10.93038, –85.25682, 18 Feb 2012, C. Umaña, em: 29 Feb 2012 (2♂, 4♀), em: 2 Mar 2012 (4♂, 4♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-75468, 12-SRNP-75463, 12-SRNP-75485, 12-SRNP-75479, 12-SRNP-75493, 12-SRNP-75459, 12-SRNP-75461, 12-SRNP-75478, 12-SRNP-75478, 12-SRNP-75487, 12-SRNP-75491, 12-SRNP-40778, 12-SRNP-75474 (USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Palomo, 96 m, 10.96187, –85.28045, 26 Feb 2012, K. Aragón, em: 7 Mar 2012 (3♀), em: 8 Mar 2012 (3♂, 2♀), em: 9 Mar 2012 (2♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-67351, 12-SRNP-67356, 12-SRNP- 67358, 12-SRNP-67365, 12-SRNP-67360, 12-SRNP-67352, 12-SRNP-67355, 12-SRNP-67367, 12-SRNP- 67366, 12-SRNP-67357; same locality, 5 Mar 2012, K. Aragón, em: 6 Mar 2012, (1♀), em: 16 Mar 2012 (1♂), 12-SRNP-67354, 12-SRNP-67394 (USNM); same locality, 25 Feb 2014, K. Aragón, em: 10 Mar 2014 (1♀), em: 3 Mar 2014 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 14-SRNP-45426, 14-SRNP-45423 (USNM). Heredia: Estación Biologia La Selva, 50–150 m, 10°26′N, 84°01′W, 4 Nov 1998 (1♀), MNCR-OET (MNCR). GUATE- MALA: Cayuga, W. Schaus [no date] (1♀), May (1♀), April (3♀) (USNM). USA: Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, [intercepted on] “steamer” [other data illegible] from Guatemala (1♂) (USNM).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and biology.</b> <i>Cosmorrhyncha albistrigulana</i> is known from Guatemala, Costa Rica (provinces of Alajuela, Heredia), and Brazil (states of Maranhão and Rondônia), below 600 m elevation. It has been reared numerous times in Costa Rica from field-collected larvae on <i>Dialium guianense</i> (Fabaceae).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to the bright white costal strigulae of the forewing.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This is another putatively widespread species that may represent more than a single entity. Although there is little doubt that specimens from Central America are conspecific, those from Brazil may not be. For example, in the male genitalia of specimens from Central America, the base of the large spine near the middle of the lower margin of the cucullus is sometimes contiguous with the margin of the cucullus (Fig. 19), whereas in specimens from Brazil, the base of the spine is slightly separated from the lower margin of the cucullus (Fig. 20). However, this may be, in part, an artifact of slide mounting, because in the NJ trees (Fig. 1–3), specimens from Brazil cluster convincingly with those from Costa Rica.</p>Published as part of <i>Brown, John W., Razowski, Józef & Timm, Alicia E., 2020, Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 753</i> on pages 13-14, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702985">10.5281/zenodo.3702985</a&gt

Cosmorrhyncha tonsana

<i>Cosmorrhyncha tonsana</i> (Walker) <p>Fig. 4, 6, 14, 22, 27, 29, 30</p> <p> <i>Carpocapsa tonsana</i> Walker 1863: 409.</p> <p> “ <i>Carpocapsa</i> ” auct. (not Treitschke, 1829) <i>tonsana</i>: Powell et al. 1995: 157.</p> <p> <i>Cosmorrhyncha tonsana</i>: Brown 2005: 218.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Superficially, <i>C. tonsana</i> is easily separated from all other congeners by its mottled forewing pattern (Fig. 6) and short labial palpi (Fig. 4). The costa of the forewing is strongly bent at about 0.6 the distance from the base to the apex, and the labial palpi lack the conspicuous metallic bluish-black dorsal scaling characteristic of all other <i>Cosmorrhyncha</i>. In the male genitalia of <i>C. tonsana</i>, the subbasal process of the valva has a single tooth (as in <i>C. albistrigulana</i>), and the phallus lacks a slender cornutuslike distal spine (present in <i>C</i>. <i>albistrigulana</i>), and instead has a small thorn near the middle.</p> <p> <b>Redescription.</b> <i>Head</i>. Vertex dark reddish-brown, small area of purplish brown at apex, frons pale reddish-brown; labial palpus (Fig. 4) pale reddish-brown, dorsum of second segment with extremely faint region of blackish scales. <i>Thorax</i>. Nota reddish-brown and cream; tegula dark brown. Forewing (Fig. 6) length 5.5–6.5 mm (<i>n =</i> 10), forewing ground dark reddish-brown speckled with pale cream and maroon, with faint refractive shiny gray scales; a small rounded, upraised patch of pale gray and dark reddishbrown scales near distal end of discal cell, surrounded by small dark-brown circular patch; costa strongly bent downward at ~0.6 length from base to apex; costa without well-defined areas of dense silver white strigulae, but with linear row of small grayish-silver scales along distal 0.65 of costa and along subtermen. Fringe mostly brown with region of orange subapically. Hindwing brown, whitish along costa and subcosta in area of wing overlap; male with long, well defined anal roll. Fringe brown, paler in anal area. <i>Abdomen</i>. Dark reddish-brown, with paler scales at distal end. Male genitalia (Fig. 14) with uncus stout, apically bifid, with dense cluster of long spines on each bifurcation; shoulders of tegumen well developed; socius digitate, pendant, covered with fine setae; valva mostly parallel-sided in basal 0.5, upturned, attenuate, densely spined in distal 0.5; cucullus evenly curved along ventral edge, usually with three conspicuously larger setae; patch of long, slender, hairlike setae at venter immediately basad of cucullus, with a pair of long, slender setae from neck of valva slightly basad of hairlike setae; subbasal process of valva triangular, bearing a single spine and second shorted process; juxta shield-shaped; phallus short, stout, with short dorsal spine (sometimes with second smaller spine) near middle, vesica without cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 22) with papillae anales unmodified, slightly narrowed anteriorly; sterigma mostly membranous with a strongly sclerotized, mesal, suborbicular plate, weakly emarginate meso-posteriorly; antrum long, urn-shaped; ductus bursae narrow, 6–7 times as long as wide, membranous anterad of antrum, slightly broadened toward corpus bursae, with distinct junction between ductus and corpus bursae; corpus bursae irregularly rounded, weakly and evenly punctuate throughout; signum a single, broad, thorn-shaped blade arising from a round, weakly sclerotized patch, sometimes with a second very short flange from base; ventro-posterior margin of segment 7 with deep V-shaped excavation mesally, resulting in a pair of rounded, sublateral lobes.</p> <p> <b>Lectotype.</b> ♀ [no abdomen], Brazil, Amazonas, Ega (NHMUK).</p> <p> <b>Paralectotypes.</b> (2♂, 2♀) Same data as holotype, GS 31645, 31646 (NHMUK).</p> <p> <b>Additional material.</b> BRAZIL: Amazonas: Teffe, “12–19” [Dec 1919] (1♂), “1–20” [Jan 1920] (2♂, 1♀), Parish (NHMUK). Parintins, “10–19” [Oct 1919] (1♂), Parish (NHMUK). Bahía: Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita, 800 m, 5–15 Mar 2015 (1♀), Neotropical Lepidoptera Course (USNM). Pará: Rio Trombetas, “9–19” [Sep 1919] (4♂, 1♀), Parish (NHMUK). Obidos, “8-19” [Aug 1919] (1♂), Parish (NHMUK). Santa- rem, “8–19” [Aug 1919] (1♀), Parish (NHMUK), Oct 1884 (1♀), Leech (NHMUK). COSTA RICA: Alajuela: ACG, Brasilia, Gallinazo, 360 m, 11.01825, –85.37199, 14 Apr 2011, D. Briceño, em: 24 Apr 2011 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 11-SRNP-65188 (USNM); same locality, 9 Jan 2012, D. Briceño, em: 24 Jan 2012 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-65010 (USNM); same locality, 16 Jun 2011, D. Briceño, em: 26 Jun 2011 (1♂), em: 27 Jun 2011 (1♂, 1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 11-SRNP-65754, 11-SRNP-65399, 11-SRNP-65398, 11-SRNP-65400 (USNM); same locality, 20 Jun 2011, D. Briceño, em: 23 Jun 2011 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 11-SRNP-65471 (USNM); same locality, 27 Jul 2011, D. Briceño, em: 31 Jul 2011 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, (USNM); same locality, 27 Jul 2011, D. Briceño, em: 5 Aug 2011 (1♂), em: 15 Aug 2011 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 11-SRNP-65753, 11-SRNP-65755 (USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Casa Keiner, 123 m, 10.95642°, –85.26617°, 21 Dec 2010, C. Moraga, em: 3 Jan 2011 (1♂), em: 5 Jan 2011 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 10-SRNP-68170, 10-SRNP-68171 (USNM). ACG, Brasilia, Piedrona, 340 m, 11.01618°, –85.35902°, 19 Dec 2012, D. Briceño, em: 1 Jan 2012 (1♂), em: 2 Jan 2013 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-65988, 12-SRNP-65992 (USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rainforest, Quebrada Bambu, 109 m, 10.9301°, –85.25205°, 29 May 2014, M. Moraga, em: 6 Jun 2014 (1♀), em: 31 May 2014 (1♀), 11 Jun 2014 (1♀), r.f. <i>Dalium guianense</i>, 14-SRNP-76022, 14-SRNP-76023, 14-SRNP- 76025 (USNM). ACG, Brasilia, Moga, 320 m, 11.01227°, –85.34929°, 15 Oct 2011, D. Briceño, em: 27 Nov 2011 (1♀), em: 31 Nov 2011 (2♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 11-SRNP-66030, 11-SRNP-66028,11-SRNP-66029 (USNM); same locality, 17 Jun 2013, D. Briceño, em: 27 Jun 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-65299, em: 29 Jun 2013 (1♀), 13-SRNP-65300, r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i> (USNM); same locality, 16 Aug 2012, M. Carmona, em: 30 Aug 2012 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 12-SRNP-65566 (USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Palomo, 96 m, 10.96187°, –85.28045°, 19 Feb 2013, K. Aragón, em: 4 Mar 2013 (1♂), em: 2 Mar 2013 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 13-SRNP-67619, 13-SRNP-67618 (USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Finca Esmeralda, 123 m, 10.93548°, –85.25314°, 16 Mar 2013, M. Moraga, em: 16 Mar 2013 (1♂), em: 31 Mar 2013 (1♂), em: 29 Mar 2013 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 13-SRNP-75873, 13-SRNP-75874, 13-SRNP-75872 (USNM); same locality, 20 Jul 2013, K. Aragon, em: 30 Jul 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-76963, em: 3 Aug 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-76962, r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i> (USNM). Guanacaste: ACG, Sector del Oro, Margarita, 380 m, 11.03234°, –85.439543°, Mar 2005, E. Cantillano, em: 16 Apr 2005 (1♂), r.f., <i>Picramnia latifolia</i>, 05-SRNP-21221, USNM slide 124,774 (USNM); same locality, 4 Mar 2005, E. Cantillano, em: 8 Mar 2005 (1♂), r.f. unknown host, 05-SRNP-20992, em: 10 Mar 2005 (1♀), 05-SRNP-20993 (USNM), r.f. unknown host, 4 Mar 2005, em: 22 Mar 2005 (1♀), 05-SRNP-21014, r.f. <i>Picramnia latifolia</i>, em: 19 Mar 2005 (1♂), 05-SRNP-21016, E. Cantillano (USNM), em: 19 Mar 2005 (1♂), 05-SRNP-21017, r.f. unknown host (Simaroubaceae 15470), em: 10 Mar 2005 (1♀), 05-SRNP-21009, r.f. <i>Picramnia latifolia</i>, E. Cantillano (USNM); same locality, 4 Mar 2005, L. Ríos, em: 10 Mar 2005 (1♂), r.f. unknown plant, 05-SRNP-21010 (USNM), same locality, 21 Mar 2005, E. Cantillano, em: 7 Apr 2005 (1♀), r.f. unknown plant, 05-SRNP- 21219 (USNM). ACG, Sector Pitilla, Amonias, 390 m, 11.04249°, –85.40339°, 2 Apr 2006, C. Moraga, em: 18 Apr 2006 (1♂), em: 20 Apr 2006 (1♂), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 06-SRNP-31491, 06-SRNP-31497 (USNM). ACG, Sector Pitilla, Medrano, 380 m, 11.01602°, –85.38053°, 7 Sep 2013, D. Martinez, em: 17 Sep 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-71540, em: 21 Sep 2013 (1♀), 13-SRNP-71537, r.f. <i>Machaerium seemannii</i> (USNM); same locality, 10 Sep 2013, D. Martinez, 20 Sep 2013 (2♂), em: 21 Sep 2013 (1♀), 13-SRNP-71559, 13-SRNP- 71561, 13-SRNP-71558, r.f. <i>Machaerium seemannii</i> (USNM). ACG, Sector Del Oro, Tangelo, 410 m, 11.01823°, –85.45024°, 9 Jul 2011, F. Quesada, em: 20 Jul 2011 (2♀), em: 21 Jul 2011 (1♀), em: 25 Jul 2011 (3♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 11-SRNP-21489, 11-SRNP-21487, 11-SRNP-21498, 11-SRNP-21484, 11-SRNP-21488, 11-SRNP-21491 (USNM). ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440 m, 11.01926°, –85.40997°, 17 Mar 2010, C. Moraga, em: 25 Mar 2010 (2♀), em: 26 Mar 2010 (1♂), em: 7 Apr 2010 (2♂, 2♀), em: 8 Apr 2010 (4♂, 1♀), em: 9 Apr 2010 (1♂), em: 10 Apr 2010 (2♀), r.f. <i>Dialium guianense</i>, 10-SRNP-30729, 10-SRNP-30748, 10-SRNP-30722, 10-SRNP-30725, 10-SRNP-30898, 10-SRNP-30731, 10-SRNP-30726, 10-SRNP-30893, 10-SRNP-30895, 10-SRNP-30736, 10-SRNP-30896, 10-SRNP-30889, 10-SRNP-30897, 10-SRNP-30742, 10-SRNP-30899 (USNM).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and biology.</b> <i>Cosmorrhyncha tonsana</i> is known from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Bahía, and Pará, and the Costa Rican provinces of Alajuela and Guanacaste. Specimens from ACG were reared from field-collected larvae on <i>Picramnia latifolia</i> (Picramniaceae) (<i>n =</i> 3), <i>Dialium guianense</i> (Fabaceae) (<i>n =</i> 51), and <i>Machaerium seemannii</i> (Fabaceae) (<i>n =</i> 5). Janzen and Hallwachs (2017) report that the last instar is 10–11 mm in length, the body is translucent yellowish green, and the head and prothoracic shield are black (Fig. 27, 29). Field captures of adults in Brazil from March, August, September, October, and December indicate that this species has multiple generations throughout the year.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The two documented centers of distribution of <i>C. tonsana</i> (i.e., Brazil and Costa Rica) are widely separated geographically, casting some doubt on the conspecificity of the specimens examined. However, specimens from the two regions are nearly identical in facies and genitalia, and the single DNA barcode of a specimen from Brazil is 99.69% similar to barcodes of specimens from Costa Rica. Hence, it is likely that the species is considerably more widespread than the collection records indicate.</p>Published as part of <i>Brown, John W., Razowski, Józef & Timm, Alicia E., 2020, Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 753</i> on pages 7-9, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702985">10.5281/zenodo.3702985</a&gt

Cosmorrhyncha landryi Brown and Razowski 2020, sp. n.

Cosmorrhyncha landryi Brown and Razowski, sp. n. Fig. 8, 16 Diagnosis. Superficially, C. landryi is similar to the widespread C. ocelliferana and C. parintina from Brazil. The male genitalia are distinguished from those of congeners by the presence of two long, strong spines from the ventro-basal margin of the cucullus and a narrower, more distally attenuate valva, with the apex of the cucullus more elongate and tapered than in C. ocelliferana and C. parintina. Description. Head. Reddish brown; labial palpus reddish brown, dorsum of second segment with bluishblack, narrow, longitudinal stripe; third segment mostly bluish black, slightly metallic. Thorax. Nota rust brown. Forewing (Fig. 8) length 6.5 mm (n = 1), pale rust-brown with faint refractive pale blue strigulae and dots, a small rounded, upraised patch of silver-white scales near distal end of discal cell, surrounded by small dark-brown circular patch; costa strongly bent downward at approximately 0.6 length from base to apex; distal 0.2 of costa faint orange with few black strigulae; median part of the costa weakly tinged with orange; costa without well-defined areas of dense silver-white striae. Fringe pale-orange tinged with brown. Hindwing brown; male with long, well defined anal roll. Fringe brown, paler in the anal area. Abdomen. Male genitalia (Fig. 16) with uncus short, stout, apically bifid, with dense cluster of long spines on each bifurcation; tegumen with rounded dorsal half; socius digitate, slightly broader basally, pendant, finely hairy; valva mostly parallel-sided in basal 0.5, upturned, attenuate, densely spined in distal 0.5; cucullus with a few strong setae along ventral edge in basal 0.5, one basal and one subbasal setae conspicuously larger; patch of long, slender, hairlike setae at venter immediately basad of cucullus; a distinct triangular subbasal process of valva bearing a single spine; juxta shield-shaped; phallus short, stout, vesica with one slender cornutus. Female unknown. Types. Holotype ♂, French Guiana, Piste de la Montague des Singes, km 10, 5°05′N, 52°42′W, 150 m, 28 Jan 1985, J.-F. Landry (USNM). Distribution and biology. This species is known only from the type locality in French Guiana. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym for our colleague and collector of the holotype, Jean- François Landry.Published as part of Brown, John W., Razowski, Józef & Timm, Alicia E., 2020, Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 753 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.370298

Cosmorrhyncha macrospina Brown and Razowski 2020, new species

<i>Cosmorrhyncha macrospina</i> Brown and Razowski, new species <p>Fig. 10, 11, 18, 24</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Although superficially similar to <i>C. albistrigulana</i> and <i>C. osana</i>, the costal strigulae in <i>C. macrospina</i> are much less conspicuous (Fig. 10, 11). <i>Cosmorrhyncha macrospina</i> is most easily distinguished from those two species by several features of the male genitalia: the absence of the pair of stout spines in the subbasal portion of the costa; and the presence of an elongate, curved spine from the basal margin of the cucullus. Its female genitalia are similar to those of <i>C. ocelliferana</i>, but those of <i>C. macrospina</i> are distinguished by the broader plate-shaped lateral parts of the sterigma and the single, longer blade of the signum.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Head</i>. Vertex pale brown; frons lighter, with some orange; labial palpus pale brown with narrow, longitudinal metallic-blue strip dorsally and slightly subdorsally along outer margin, bordered on each side by a linear area of orange scales; third segment black; pedicel of antenna with subcircular area of dark-brown scales. <i>Thorax</i>. Nota pale brown dorsally, with scales cream-tipped; forewing (Fig. 10, 11) length 5.5–6.0 mm (<i>n =</i> 4); forewing ground color cream with distinct brownish-grey admixture and somewhat darker, dense striations and dots; costal strigulae weak, more or less concolorous with ground color, divisions rust in distal 0.33 of costa followed by four black stripes; a series of minute refractive dots along termen; black spot at distal end of discal cell with refractive scales in center. Fringe cream brown, rust orange in costal third. Hindwing pale brownish. Fringe cream. <i>Abdomen</i>. Male genitalia (Fig. 18) with uncus stout, rounded-bifurcate apically, with cluster of long setae on each bifurcation; socii with fine setae, broadest at base, digitate in distal 0.6; valva broadest basally, evenly attenuate distally throughout cucullus to a somewhat pointed apex, costa with small triangular process subbasally (probably representing a slight distal displacement of subbasal process); large curved spine from the basal margin of the cucullus ~0.66 distance from costa to sacculus; a long slender setae at lower margin of cucullus; phallus short, broad, with slightly undulate dorsum bearing a few weak serrations in apical 0.25; vesica with a single small, socketed cornutus. Female genitalia (Fig. 24) with papillae anales unmodified, narrowed anteriorly; apophyses relatively short, slender; posterior edge of sterigma straight, lateral parts slightly concave, proximal part weakly convex; ostium bursae bordered postmedially by elongate rounded, posterior convexities; antrum short, spindle-shaped; ductus bursae narrow, about 6 times as long as wide, mostly membranous, slightly dilated ~0.6 distance from ostium to junction with corpus bursae, with junction with corpus bursae distinct; corpus bursae rounded, signum with single, long, median, spindle-shaped blade; posterior margin of sternum 7 deeply V-shaped, resulting in a pair of rounded sublateral lobes.</p> <p> <b>Types.</b> Holotype, ♂, Brazil, Rondônia, Cacaulandia, 140 m, Oct 1991, V. O. Becker, Col. Becker 80239; USNM slide 124,792 (USNM). Paratypes (1♂, 2♀). BRAZIL: Pará: Rio Trombetas, “9–19” [Sep 1919], Parish, USNM slide 72338 (USNM). Rondônia: Cacaulandia, 140 m, Nov 1994 (1♀), Becker No. 96273, USNM slide 126,236 (USNM). 62 km S Ariquemes Fazenda, Rancho Grande, 165 m, 10°32′S, 62°48′W,</p> <p>29 Oct–10 Nov 1991 (1♀), R. Leuschner, USNM slide 126,289 (USNM).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and biology.</b> This species is recorded from the states of Rondônia and Pará in northern Brazil. Nothing is known of the life history.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to the long, curved spine at the inner base of the cucullus in the male genitalia.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The genitalia of the two females designated as paratypes above have a V-shaped posterior margin of sternum 7, and are associated with males of <i>C. macrospina</i> by sequence data. Two other females from the type locality of <i>C. macrospina</i> have genitalia with a U-shaped posterior margin, indistinguishable from that of <i>C. albistrigulana</i>, and their barcodes align them with the latter species.</p>Published as part of <i>Brown, John W., Razowski, Józef & Timm, Alicia E., 2020, Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 753</i> on pages 12-13, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702985">10.5281/zenodo.3702985</a&gt

Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species

Although well studied in the Afrotropical Region, the genus Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), has received little attention in the New World, where it apparently is restricted to the Neotropics from Guatemala south to Paraguay. Seven species are recognized, five of which are described as new: C. tonsana (Walker, 1863) (Type locality: Brazil); C. ocelliferana (Walker, 1863) (TL: Brazil); C. landryi Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: French Guiana); C. parintina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. macrospina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. albistrigulana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica); and C. osana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica). Our circumscription of C. ocelliferana is rather broad and most likely encompasses a species complex rather than a single entity. Larvae of C. tonsana have been reared from Picramnia latifolia Tul. (Picramniaceae), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (Fabaceae), and Machaerium seemannii Benth. ex Seem. (Fabaceae) in Costa Rica; and those of C. albistrigulana from Dialium guianense (Fabaceae)

Revision of New World \u3ci\u3eCosmorrhyncha\u3c/i\u3e Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species

Although well studied in the Afrotropical Region, the genus Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), has received little attention in the New World, where it apparently is restricted to the Neotropics from Guatemala south to Paraguay. Seven species are recognized, five of which are described as new: C. tonsana (Walker, 1863) (Type locality: Brazil); C. ocelliferana (Walker, 1863) (TL: Brazil); C. landryi Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: French Guiana); C. parintina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. macrospina Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Brazil); C. albistrigulana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica); and C. osana Brown and Razowski, sp. n. (TL: Costa Rica). Our circumscription of C. ocelliferana is rather broad and most likely encompasses a species complex rather than a single entity. Larvae of C. tonsana have been reared from Picramnia latifolia Tul. (Picramniaceae), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (Fabaceae), and Machaerium seemannii Benth. ex Seem. (Fabaceae) in Costa Rica; and those of C. albistrigulana from Dialium guianense (Fabaceae)

Cosmorrhyncha osana Brown and Razowski 2020, new species

<i>Cosmorrhyncha osana</i> Brown and Razowski, new species <p>Fig. 13, 21, 26</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Superficially, <i>C. osana</i> is indistinguishable from <i>C. albistrigulana</i>. The male genitalia of <i>C. osana</i> share with those of <i>C. albistrigulana</i> a similarly small, unarmed subbasal process and a pair of stout spines from costa of valva beyond the subbasal process. The male genitalia of <i>C. osana</i> can be distinguished from those of <i>C. albistrigulana</i> by the longer, more evenly rounded outer margin of the cucullus and a small lobed expansion at the basal edge of the cucullus that bears a long spine. The female genitalia cannot be distinguished from those of <i>C. albistrigulana</i>, the two species sharing a U-shaped posterior margin of sternum 7.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Head</i>. Vertex pale brown; frons lighter, with some orange; labial palpus pale brown with narrow, longitudinal metallic-blue stripe dorsally and slightly subdorsally along outer margin, bordered on each side by a narrow line of orange scales; third segment black; pedicel of antenna with subcircular patch of dark-brown scales. <i>Thorax</i>. Nota brown dorsally, with scales cream-tipped. Forewing (Fig. 13) length 5.5–6.5 mm (<i>n =</i> 4) in males, 6.0–7.0 mm in females (<i>n =</i> 5); costa slightly and evenly arched throughout; ground color pale reddish brown with cream olive hue, suffusion in terminal area pale olivegrey; distal portion of costa and postapical portion of termen with narrow orange line; costal strigulae numerous, especially in basal 0.7, cream to white, divisions olive grey and pale orange; a slightly raised, roundish patch of silver opalescent scales near apex of discal cell, surrounded by small patch of black scales; similar patch near costa approximately 0.3 distance from base to apex, more elongate than rounded, less defined. Fringe cream. Hindwing pale brown. Fringe pale gray to cream. <i>Abdomen</i>. Brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 21) mostly symmetrical, with uncus short, stout, rounded-bifurcate apically, with cluster of long setae on each bifurcation; socii hairy, broadest at base, digitate in distal 0.8, angled in basal 0.1; valva slightly broader basally, somewhat parallel-sided without neck; costa with small, slightly hairy, triangular process at base; weakly elevated lobe with a pair of short, stout setae subbasally; a pair of long, slender setae near outer edge of basal cavity; cucullus occupying distal 0.40–0.45 of valva differentiated by slightly elevated ridge along basal margin, with small lobelike expansion bearing a single long seta near middle; ventral edge of cucullus mostly evenly rounded to apex, except for small, weakly concave region subapically; a few spines along outer edge; phallus short, broad, with slightly undulate dorsum bearing a few weak serrations in apical 0.25; vesica with a single small, socketed cornutus. Female genitalia (Fig. 26) with papillae anales unmodified; sterigma large, weakly sclerotized, ostium bursae bordered subterminally by large, posteriorly expanding lobes; posterior part of antrum broad, urn-shaped, tapering proximally; ductus bursae membranous beyond antrum, slender, straight in posterior 0.5, then slightly expanded, half-coiled, with longitudinal wrinkles ~0.6 distance between ostium and junction with corpus bursae; corpus bursae irregularly rounded, signum with single, relatively short, spindle-shaped proximal blade from a narrow sclerotized patch.</p> <p> <b>Types.</b> Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Bosque Esquinas, Peninsula de Osa, 200 m, M. Segura (MNCR). Paratypes (3♂, 5♀). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Bosque Esquinas, Peninsula de Osa, 200 m, Mar 1994 (1♂, 1♀), M. Segura (MNCR). Golfito, Parque Naciónal Piedras Blancas, Estación El Bonito, 100 m, Jan-Feb 2002 (1♀), M. Moraga (MNCR). Rancho Quemado, Peninsula de Osa, 200 m, Oct 1991 (2♂, 2♀), F. Quesada (MNCR). Fila Draque, Peninsula de Osa, 5 Apr 1992 (1♀), F. Quesada (MNCR).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and biology.</b> <i>Cosmorrhyncha osana</i> is known only from the Osa Peninsula in southwestern Costa Rica, at elevations below 200 m.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the Osa Peninsula.</p>Published as part of <i>Brown, John W., Razowski, Józef & Timm, Alicia E., 2020, Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 753</i> on pages 14-15, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702985">10.5281/zenodo.3702985</a&gt