Oral biopsies from patients with orofacial granulomatosis with histology resembling Crohn's disease have a prominent Th1 environment.

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldBACKGROUND: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of children and young adults whose clinical symptoms include swelling of the lips or face, mucosal nodularity (cobblestoning), mucosal tags, hyperplasia of the gingivae, and aphthous oral ulcers. Whether some OFG patients with clinical and histological characteristics resembling Crohn's disease (CD) are a special group (oral CD) or true CD patients with symptoms reaching all the way to the oral mucosa remains to be determined. METHODS: In this study oral biopsies from 10 patients with OFG were analyzed for the presence of T cells, T-cell subsets, B cells, and macrophages, as well as cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha), chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha), and chemokine receptors (CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3). For comparison, oral tissues from 7 patients with other granulomatous diseases were included. RESULTS: Compared with the non-OFG group, the OFG group had raised levels of CD4(+) T cells, IFN-gamma, IL-10, and RANTES but reduced levels of CD68(+) macrophages outside the granulomas, whereas within the granulomas the levels of CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cells and of IFN-gamma were raised, but the levels of IL-4 were decreased. These data are indicative of a Th1 environment within the oral OFG tissues, which resembles that already observed in gut CD tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it can be concluded that some OFG patients have both histopathological and immunopathological features that resemble those observed in CD patients

Methanol Extract of Holarrhena antidysenterica Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells and Osteoclastogenesis of Bone Marrow Macrophages

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently invades mandibular bone, and outcomes for treatment with surgical resection are typically poor, ultimately resulting in death. Holarrhena antidysenterica L. (Apocynaceae), distributed throughout Sri Lanka and India, has been used as a folk remedy to treat various diseases. Treatment with methanol extract of H. antidysenterica bark (HABE) inhibited cell viability and BrdU incorporation and induced apoptotic cell death in Ca9-22 gingival and HSC-3 tongue SCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that HABE treatment preferentially induces apoptotic cell death via increasing the sub-G1 peak in Ca9-22 cells and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HSC-3 cells. HABE treatment in the presence of zVAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, rescued cell viabilities in both OSCC cell lines. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 increased with reductions in the Bcl-2 protein expression, and the activation of caspase 3 and subsequent cleavage of PARP was detected in HABE-treated Ca9-22 and HSC-3 cells. Furthermore, HABE treatment at noncytotoxic concentrations inhibited osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages. Taken together, HABE possesses the inhibitory activity on the growth of OSCC cells and antiosteoclastogenic activity. Therefore, HABE may be a promising alternative and complementary agent for preventing and treating OSCC

IARC perspective on oral cancer prevention

No abstract available.The French National Institute of Cancer.http://www.nejm.org2023-05-24hj2023School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH