Approaching a reliable process simulation for the virtual product development

In this paper an outline for a strategy to include manufacturing effects in subsequent\ud simulations for the virtual product development from an industrial point of view is given.\ud Especially the conditions for a successful mapping of geometry and results between\ud different applications are discussed. An example shows the significance of the inclusion\ud of previous simulations in the final assessment of a part

Space-Time Complexity in Hamiltonian Dynamics

New notions of the complexity function C(epsilon;t,s) and entropy function S(epsilon;t,s) are introduced to describe systems with nonzero or zero Lyapunov exponents or systems that exhibit strong intermittent behavior with ``flights'', trappings, weak mixing, etc. The important part of the new notions is the first appearance of epsilon-separation of initially close trajectories. The complexity function is similar to the propagator p(t0,x0;t,x) with a replacement of x by the natural lengths s of trajectories, and its introduction does not assume of the space-time independence in the process of evolution of the system. A special stress is done on the choice of variables and the replacement t by eta=ln(t), s by xi=ln(s) makes it possible to consider time-algebraic and space-algebraic complexity and some mixed cases. It is shown that for typical cases the entropy function S(epsilon;xi,eta) possesses invariants (alpha,beta) that describe the fractal dimensions of the space-time structures of trajectories. The invariants (alpha,beta) can be linked to the transport properties of the system, from one side, and to the Riemann invariants for simple waves, from the other side. This analog provides a new meaning for the transport exponent mu that can be considered as the speed of a Riemann wave in the log-phase space of the log-space-time variables. Some other applications of new notions are considered and numerical examples are presented.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

Personalities of Russian amateur botany, 3. Ivan M. Schvetzov and Theodor S. Nenukow, prominent experts in the flora of Nizhni Novgorod Region, and the taxonomic identity of plant species described by Nenukow

Ivan Schvetzov collected many specimens of vascular plants, fungi, mosses and lichens mostly from the western part of Nizhni Novgorod Region of Russia, including the original collections of Cytisus ruthenicus var. zingeri Nenukow. Theodor Nenukow was a prominent amateur botanist from Nizhni Novgorod. He studied the flora of Nizhni Novgorod Region, weed and meadow flora of Central Russia and vascular plants of Estonia. He described a few infraspecific taxa and two species of vascular plants, Valeriana estonica Nenukow (synonymised here with V. officinalis subsp. tenuifolia (Vahl) Schübl. & G.Martens) and Odontites estonicus Nenukow (a synonym of O. vulgaris Moench), and the basionym for Cytisus zingeri (Nenukow) V.I.Krecz. (a glabrous variety of C. ruthenicus Fisch. ex Otto). The places of valid publication are clarified for C. ruthenicus var. zingeri and Persicaria linicola, and the lectotype is designated for C. ruthenicus var. zingeri.Peer reviewe

A topological central point theorem

In this paper a generalized topological central point theorem is proved for maps of a simplex to finite-dimensional metric spaces. Similar generalizations of the Tverberg theorem are considered.Comment: In this version some typos were corrected after the official publicatio

Modeling of optical properties of hybrid metal-organic nanostructures

To model spectral characteristics of hybrid metal-organic nanostructures, the extended Mie theory was used, which makes it possible to calculate the extinction efficiency factor (Qext) and the scattering efficiency factor in the near zone (QNF) of two-layer spherical particles placed in an absorbing matrix. Two-layer plasmon nanospheres consisting of a metallic core (Ag, Cu) coated with dielectric shells and located into the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) matrix were considered. The influence of dielectric shell thickness and refractive index on the characteristics of the surface plasmon resonance of absorption (SPRA) was studied. The possibility of the SPRA band tuning by changing the optical and geometrical parameters of dielectric shells was shown. It was established that dielectric shells allow to shift the surface plasmon resonance band of plasmonic  nanoparticles absorption both  to  short-  and  long-wavelength  spectral  range  depending on the relation between shell and matrix refractive indexes.To model spectral characteristics of hybrid metal-organic nanostructures, the extended Mie theory was used, which makes it possible to calculate the extinction efficiency factor (Qext) and the scattering efficiency factor in the near zone (QNF) of two-layer spherical particles placed in an absorbing matrix. Two-layer plasmon nanospheres consisting of a metallic core (Ag, Cu) coated with dielectric shells and located into the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) matrix were considered. The influence of dielectric shell thickness and refractive index on the characteristics of the surface plasmon resonance of absorption (SPRA) was studied. The possibility of the SPRA band tuning by changing the optical and geometrical parameters of dielectric shells was shown. It was established that dielectric shells allow to shift the surface plasmon resonance band of plasmonic  nanoparticles absorption both  to  short-  and  long-wavelength  spectral  range  depending on the relation between shell and matrix refractive indexes

General topologic environment of the Russian railway network

Basic structural properties of Russian railways are explored through the complex network scope. We imply ontology where railway stations portray nodes, while links are represented by trains plying among stations. The information L- network model founded on route is built and its topology is compared with Indian and Pakistan analogues. The network model demonstrates small world properties and its assortative nature. Structural vulnerability is assessed for random attacks, and those on degree and strength targets. Taking into account series of the node centralities, the most important sites are identified as those that could help in clarifying the sensitive points in the network. These sites should be in the focus of pre-protection and post hazard recovery. Also, a P-model is touched and an S- and H- model idea is proposed for further analysis of transportation networks

New Tatar Settlements in Lower Tara Area in Last Third of 19th Century: Foundation History, Population Structure, and Livelihoods

The article is dedicated to the history of the establishment of the villages of Malye Murly in the Tarsky District and Molodtsovo in the Muromtsevsky District of the Omsk Region, founded by Tatars during the period of mass migrations to Siberia. These villages no longer exist. The paper introduces documents from regional archives into scholarly discourse. Materials from the First All-Russian population census of 1897 have been analyzed to study the age, gender, and ethnic composition of the inhabitants. The article reconstructs the economic activities of the settlers. The authors conclude that the village of Malye Murly (also known as Novo-Murlinskaya) was established by Tatars from Ust-Tarskaya in the 1870s, while Molodtsovo (also known as Molodtsovsky settlement) was settled by residents of the Chipliarovski yurts prior to 1897. It is reported that both settlements lasted for about a century. Evidence suggests that the inhabitants of both settlements engaged little in agriculture; they had more developed livestock practices but lacked sufficient land resources, as the best lands were occupied by older settlements or belonged to the state. The authors conclude that in their formative stages, these settlements exhibit similar characteristics to another Tatar village, Mamshenkino in the Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Region, which was also founded during this period and whose residents eventually dispersed