Luokanlehtoreiden samanaikaisopetukselle antamia merkityksiä opetuksessa ja kasvatuksessa

Tutkielmassa selvitämme luokanlehtoreiden samanaikaisopetukselle antamia merkityksiä opetuksessa ja kasvatuksessa. Aihe on ajankohtainen, sillä samanaikaisopetus on yksi 1.8.2011 käyttöönotetun perusopetussuunnitelman uudistuksen kolmiportaisen tuen mallin tukimuodoista. Tutkimusympäristönä tutkielmassa toimii peruskoulu, jossa ohjataan luokanopettajaopiskelijoita. Tutkielma on laadullinen ja lähestymistapana fenomenologinen tutkimus. Tutkielman aineisto on kerätty puolistrukturoidulla haastattelulla. Haastateltavina ovat tutkimuskoulun kuusi luokanlehtoria, jotka toteuttavat samanaikaisopetusta eri muodoissa. Aineisto on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Tutkielman tulokset osoittavat, että samanaikaisopetuksella on monia erilaisia merkityksiä opetuksessa ja opettajuudessa. Samanaikaisopetus mahdollistaa inklusiivisen kasvatuksen tukemisen, parantaa opettajan työssä jaksamista ja antaa mahdollisuuden ammattitaidon jakamiseen ja oman työn kehittämiseen. Samanaikaisopetus on oppilaan tukimuoto, mutta myös opettajuuden kehittämisen työväline

Identification and structural analysis of cereal arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides by negative ionization HILIC-MS/MS

Recent works provide evidence of the prebiotic potential of arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides (A)XOS. In this study, we developed a structural analysis for cereal-derived (A)XOS by negative ionization HILIC-MS/MS. Initially, we assessed twelve (A)XOS samples of known structures with different linkage positions and branching points by direct-infusion negative ESI-MSn. We subsequently developed the negative ion HILIC-MS/MS with a post-column addition of ammonium chloride. The selected (A)XOS represented both linear (arabinofuranosyl residue linked to the non-reducing end of xylooligosaccharide) and branched structures. Each (A)XOS sample produced a specific spectrum in negative ion ESI-MSn. By analyzing cross-ring fragment ions, we determined the linkage positions of linear (A)XOS. The presence or absence of diagnostic ions in the MS3 allowed us to detect different branches (O-2- or/and O-3-linked arabinofuranosyl with/or without O-4-linked xylopyranosyl at the non-reducing end). Furthermore, we could identify all analyzed samples by HILIC-MS/MS, based on the formed spectral library and chromatographic retention times.Peer reviewe

Poor respiratory health outcomes associated with high illness worry and alexithymia : Eleven-year prospective cohort study among the working-age population

Objective: Poor respiratory health outcomes have been associated with poorer physical health and higher psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether illness worry, alexithymia or low sense of coherence predict i) the onset of new respiratory disease, ii) respiratory symptoms or iii) lung function among the working-age population, independently of comorbidity mood-, anxiety, or alcohol abuse disorders.& nbsp;Methods: The study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of the Finnish population (BRIF8901) aged 30-54 years (N = 2310) in 2000-2001 and was followed up in 2011. Individuals with a diagnosed respiratory disease or a severe psychiatric disorder at baseline were excluded. Lung function was measured by a spirometry test and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using a structured clinical interview. Structured questionnaires were used to measure self-reported respiratory symptoms and diseases, illness worry, alexithymia, and sense of coherence.& nbsp;Results: High illness worry predicted an 11-year incidence of asthma (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.99, p = 0.01). Alexithymia predicted shortness of breath (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.53, p < 0.01) and 11-year incidence of COPD (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.37-5.88, p < 0.01), even after several adjustments for physical and mental health. Psychological dispositions did not associate with lung function in 2011.& nbsp;Conclusions: In the general population, psychological factors that modify health behaviour predicted adverse respiratory health outcomes independently of lung function after 11 years of follow-up. This indicates that considering them part of personalized treatment planning is important for promoting health-related behaviour among the working-age population.Peer reviewe

Lipoprotein docosapentaenoic acid is associated with serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration

BACKGROUND: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are thought to play important roles in inflammation. The n-3 series is considered as anti-inflammatory, and some studies have reported increased plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this study we sought to clarify relationships of the levels of arachidonic acid and the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid compositions of isolated LDL, HDL(2 )and HDL(3 )particles with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a marker of inflammation. RESULTS: The subjects were divided into two groups: those with lower and those with higher than the median serum MMP-9 concentration. In all lipoprotein fractions, the mean percentage of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) was higher in the group of subjects with higher MMP-9 level than in those with lower serum MMP-9 concentration (P < 0.01 for all). Likewise, the ratio of docosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) was higher in the subjects with higher MMP-9 compared with the lower MMP-9 group (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION: So far, the evidence for an anti-inflammatory role of the n-3 PUFA has come from dietary interventions. Our results were obtained from a free-living population and indicate that there is a positive correlation between n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and MMP-9. What had triggered the rise in MMP-9 is not known, since serum level of MMP-9 is raised in many inflammatory conditions. These findings may indicate an increased biosynthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in subclinical inflammation

Poor respiratory health outcomes associated with high illness worry and alexithymia : Eleven-year prospective cohort study among the working-age population

Objective: Poor respiratory health outcomes have been associated with poorer physical health and higher psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether illness worry, alexithymia or low sense of coherence predict i) the onset of new respiratory disease, ii) respiratory symptoms or iii) lung function among the working-age population, independently of comorbidity mood-, anxiety, or alcohol abuse disorders. Methods: The study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of the Finnish population (BRIF8901) aged 30–54 years (N = 2310) in 2000–2001 and was followed up in 2011. Individuals with a diagnosed respiratory disease or a severe psychiatric disorder at baseline were excluded. Lung function was measured by a spirometry test and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using a structured clinical interview. Structured questionnaires were used to measure self-reported respiratory symptoms and diseases, illness worry, alexithymia, and sense of coherence. Results: High illness worry predicted an 11-year incidence of asthma (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09–1.99, p = 0.01). Alexithymia predicted shortness of breath (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.53, p < 0.01) and 11-year incidence of COPD (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.37–5.88, p < 0.01), even after several adjustments for physical and mental health. Psychological dispositions did not associate with lung function in 2011. Conclusions: In the general population, psychological factors that modify health behaviour predicted adverse respiratory health outcomes independently of lung function after 11 years of follow-up. This indicates that considering them part of personalized treatment planning is important for promoting health-related behaviour among the working-age population.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Poor respiratory health outcomes associated with high illness worry and alexithymia: Eleven-year prospective cohort study among the working-age population

ObjectivePoor respiratory health outcomes have been associated with poorer physical health and higher psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether illness worry, alexithymia or low sense of coherence predict i) the onset of new respiratory disease, ii) respiratory symptoms or iii) lung function among the working-age population, independently of comorbidity mood-, anxiety, or alcohol abuse disorders.MethodsThe study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of the Finnish population (BRIF8901) aged 30–54 years (N = 2310) in 2000–2001 and was followed up in 2011. Individuals with a diagnosed respiratory disease or a severe psychiatric disorder at baseline were excluded. Lung function was measured by a spirometry test and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using a structured clinical interview. Structured questionnaires were used to measure self-reported respiratory symptoms and diseases, illness worry, alexithymia, and sense of coherence.ResultsHigh illness worry predicted an 11-year incidence of asthma (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09–1.99, p = 0.01). Alexithymia predicted shortness of breath (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.53, p ConclusionsIn the general population, psychological factors that modify health behaviour predicted adverse respiratory health outcomes independently of lung function after 11 years of follow-up. This indicates that considering them part of personalized treatment planning is important for promoting health-related behaviour among the working-age population.</p

The association of psychological factors and healthcare use with the discrepancy between subjective and objective respiratory-health complaints in the general population

Background. We examined the prevalence of self-perceived respiratory symptoms (SRS) in the absence of any objective findings of respiratory pathology, and the association of such prevalence with psychological factors and healthcare use in the general population. Methods. The study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of Finnish adults (BRIF8901). Respiratory functioning was measured by a spirometry test. Structured questionnaires were used to measure SRS, physician visits and psychological factors of alexithymia, sense of coherence, illness worry and common mental disorders. Individuals with a diagnosed respiratory disease or a severe psychiatric disorder, determined in a diagnostic interview, were excluded, giving a sample comprising 4544 participants. Results. Twenty-six per cent of the general population and 36% of those with no diagnosed severe psychiatric disorder or respiratory disease experienced SRS despite a normal spirometry result. Psychological factors were associated with SRS (0.0001 <p <0.032), and on the number of physician visit explaining 42.7% of the difference in visits between individuals with and without SRS, respectively. Illness worry was associated most strongly with SRS [odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.41, p <0.0001] and higher numbers of physician visits (OR 1.35, CI 1.32-1.38, p <0.00001), even after several adjustments. Conclusions. Respiratory symptoms without objective findings are common in the general population. The study results underline the role of psychological factors in the reporting of respiratory symptoms and the associated medical burden, thereby indicating the functional nature of the symptomatology.Peer reviewe