10 research outputs found

    A biokémia alapjai

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    MĂĄsodik vĂĄltozatlan utĂĄnnyomĂĄsElƑszĂł A biokĂ©mia az egyik legdinamikusabban fejlƑdƑ modem tudomĂĄnyĂĄg, nagy hatĂĄssal van az Ă©lƑ anyaggal foglalkozĂł tudomĂĄnyokra, sok esetben irĂĄnyĂ­tja azok fejlƑdĂ©sĂ©t. EredmĂ©nyei megjelennek a mindennapi Ă©letben, meghatĂĄrozĂł jelentƑsĂ©gƱek az egĂ©szsĂ©gtudomĂĄnyokban, de ĂĄtszövik a mindennapjainkat, az Ă©let szĂĄmos terĂŒletĂ©t is. EzĂ©rt a biokĂ©mia az egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi fƑiskolai tananyagban az szĂŒksĂ©gszerƱen az alaptantĂĄrgyak közĂ© kerĂŒlt. A tantĂĄrgy elsƑdleges feladata azoknak az elveknek a megismertetĂ©se, amelyekre a kĂ©sƑbbi szakmaspecifikus tantĂĄrgyak alapozhatnak. A jegyzet anyagĂĄnak összeĂĄllĂ­tĂĄsĂĄnĂĄl a mĂĄr Ă©vtizedes oktatĂĄsi tapasztalatokat összefoglalĂł biokĂ©mia tankönyv a „Lehninger, Nelson, Cox: Priciples of Biochemistry” tematikĂĄjĂĄt vettĂŒk alapul. A jegyzet termĂ©szetesen nem egyszerƱen rövidĂ­tett vĂĄltozata ennek a tankönyvnek. Kimaradtak olyan fejezetek, amelyek mĂĄs tantĂĄrgyban mĂĄr elƑfordulnak, Ă­gy lehetƑsĂ©g maradt mĂĄs fejezetek rĂ©szletesebb tĂĄrgyalĂĄsĂĄra. Egyes tĂ©makörök kibƑvĂ­tĂ©sĂ©t az egyes szakok speciĂĄlis igĂ©nyein tĂșl az is indokolja, hogy a fƑiskola hallgatĂłi nagyon eltĂ©rƑ elƑtanulmĂĄnyokkal rendelkeznek. Ă­gy talĂĄn több segĂ­tsĂ©get kapnak a jegyzet olvasĂĄsĂĄval azok a hallgatĂłk, akik szĂĄmĂĄra az elƑadĂĄsok nehĂ©znek bizonyultak. A tananyag tovĂĄbbra is az elƑadĂĄsokon elhangzott ismeretanyag lesz, a jegyzet a tanulĂĄs segĂ©deszközĂ©nek tekinthetƑ. Eddigi tapasztalataink alapjĂĄn, a szƱkös tanidƑbe a jegyzetben leĂ­rt tĂ©mĂĄknak csak töredĂ©ke fĂ©r bele. A jegyzet megĂ­rĂĄsĂĄhoz, szerkesztĂ©sĂ©hez nagyon sok segĂ­tsĂ©get kaptam a POTE BiokĂ©mia IntĂ©zet munkatĂĄrsaitĂłl, amiĂ©rt köszönetemet ezĂșton fejezem ki

    Retinol Saturase Knock-Out Mice are Characterized by Impaired Clearance of Apoptotic Cells and Develop Mild Autoimmunity

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    Apoptosis and the proper clearance of apoptotic cells play a central role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that when a high number of cells enters apoptosis in a tissue, the macrophages that engulf them produce retinoids to enhance their own phagocytic capacity by upregulating several phagocytic genes. Our data indicated that these retinoids might be dihydroretinoids, which are products of the retinol saturase (RetSat) pathway. In the present study, the efferocytosis of RetSat-null mice was investigated. We show that among the retinoid-sensitive phagocytic genes, only transglutaminase 2 responded in macrophages and in differentiating monocytes to dihydroretinol. Administration of dihydroretinol did not affect the expression of the tested genes differently between differentiating wild type and RetSat-null monocytes, despite the fact that the expression of RetSat was induced. However, in the absence of RetSat, the expression of numerous differentiation-related genes was altered. Among these, impaired production of MFG-E8, a protein that bridges apoptotic cells to the αvÎČ3/ÎČ5 integrin receptors of macrophages, resulted in impaired efferocytosis, very likely causing the development of mild autoimmunity in aged female mice. Our data indicate that RetSat affects monocyte/macrophage differentiation independently of its capability to produce dihydroretinol at this stage

    Biogenesis of cytosolic ribosomes requires the essential iron–sulphur protein Rli1p and mitochondria

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    Mitochondria perform a central function in the biogenesis of cellular iron–sulphur (Fe/S) proteins. It is unknown to date why this biosynthetic pathway is indispensable for life, the more so as no essential mitochondrial Fe/S proteins are known. Here, we show that the soluble ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein Rli1p carries N-terminal Fe/S clusters that require the mitochondrial and cytosolic Fe/S protein biogenesis machineries for assembly. Mutations in critical cysteine residues of Rli1p abolish association with Fe/S clusters and lead to loss of cell viability. Hence, the essential character of Fe/S clusters in Rli1p explains the indispensable character of mitochondria in eukaryotes. We further report that Rli1p is associated with ribosomes and with Hcr1p, a protein involved in rRNA processing and translation initiation. Depletion of Rli1p causes a nuclear export defect of the small and large ribosomal subunits and subsequently a translational arrest. Thus, ribosome biogenesis and function are intimately linked to the crucial role of mitochondria in the maturation of the essential Fe/S protein Rli1p
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