Phylogeny, ultrastructure, histopathology and prevalence of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

This paper presents the morphological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of the gill filaments in Brycon hilarii from the Brazilian Pantanal. Out of 216 B. hilariispecimens examined (126 wild and 90 cultivated), 38.1% of wild specimens (n = 48) were infected. The parasites form elongated plasmodia primarily in the tip of gill filaments, reaching about 3 mm in length. A thorough comparison with all the Myxobolus species described from South American hosts, as well as nearly all the Myxobolus species described so far is provided. Partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed a total of 1,527 bp. The Myxobolus species parasite of B. hilarii did not match any of the Myxozoa available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, M. oliveirai sp. nov. composed a monophyletic group with eight other species: five species of Myxobolus parasites of mugilid fishes, two parasites of pangasiid and one of centrarchid. Infection prevalence values of the parasite revealed no significant differences between wet and dry seasons or between males and females. The importance of the infection to the farming of the host species is emphasized.FAPESPCEPTA - ICMBioCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Phylogeny, ultrastructure, histopathology and prevalence of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

This paper presents the morphological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of the gill filaments in Brycon hilarii from the Brazilian Pantanal. Out of 216 B. hilariispecimens examined (126 wild and 90 cultivated), 38.1% of wild specimens (n = 48) were infected. The parasites form elongated plasmodia primarily in the tip of gill filaments, reaching about 3 mm in length. A thorough comparison with all the Myxobolus species described from South American hosts, as well as nearly all the Myxobolus species described so far is provided. Partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed a total of 1,527 bp. The Myxobolus species parasite of B. hilarii did not match any of the Myxozoa available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, M. oliveirai sp. nov. composed a monophyletic group with eight other species: five species of Myxobolus parasites of mugilid fishes, two parasites of pangasiid and one of centrarchid. Infection prevalence values of the parasite revealed no significant differences between wet and dry seasons or between males and females. The importance of the infection to the farming of the host species is emphasized1056762769sem informaçã

Myxosporean in oligochaetes (actinospores) and fish (mixospores) from fish farms in the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Orientador: Edson Aparecido AdrianoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Dentre os parasitos de peixes, destacam-se aqueles do filo Myxozoa (= mixozoários). A maioria das espécies de mixosporídeos apresenta um ciclo biológico que envolve dois estágios de desenvolvimento, sendo que em invertebrados, principalmente anelídeos, ocorre o estágio actinosporo e em vertebrados, principalmente peixes, mas também em anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos, o estágio mixosporo. Neste estudo foram realizadas análises morfológicas e moleculares de estágios actinosporo e mixosporo encontrados em oligoquetas e peixes oriundos de pisciculturas dos estados de São Paulo (SP) e Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brasil. Para o estudo do estágio actinosporo foram realizadas coletas de oligoquetas em duas pisciculturas, sendo uma localizada no município de Porto Ferreira, SP e outra no município de Terenos, MS. Em Porto Ferreira foram coletados 333 oligoquetas, sendo que desse total, 13 (3,9%) exemplares de Pristina americana foram observados liberando quatro tipos de actinosporos, sendo Aurantiactinomyxon tipos 1, 2 e 3 e Helioactinomyxon tipo 1. A análise ultraestrutural realizada em um exemplar de P. americana mostrou a presença de pansporocisto de Aurantiactinomyxon tipo 2 em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento na parede do intestino. No município de Terenos foram coletados 86 exemplares de oligoquetas, sendo que um (0,9%) espécime identificado como Slavina evelinae estava liberando actinosporos de Seisactinomyxon tipo 1 nov., o qual pertence a um grupo coletivo ainda não relatado na literatura. A idenficação dos oligoquetas foi realizada com base em dados morfológicos e no sequenciamento do 18S rDNA. Também foram realizados o sequenciamentos do 18S rDNA dos actinosporos Aurantiactinomyxon tipo 1 e 2 e Seisactinomyxon tipo 1 nov., resultando em sequências parciais contendo 1.200, 902 e 1.877pb, respectivamente. A análise filogenética mostrou que Aurantiactinomyxon tipo 1, 2 e Seisactinomyxon tipo 1 nov. agruparam em um clado juntamente com uma espécie de Thelohanellus parasito de Siluriformes e outras seis espécies de Myxobolus parasitos de Characiformes. No estudo do estágio mixosporo de mixosporídeos, exemplares de patinga (híbrido resultante do cruzamento entre Piaractus mesopotamicus e P. brachypomus) e de pintado híbrido (resultante do cruzamento entre Pseudoplatystoma corruscans e P. reticulatum) foram obtidos em duas pisciculturas do estado de São Paulo. Dos 15 exemplares de patinga coletados no município de Porto Ferreira, 11 (73,3%) apresentaram infecção por Myxobolus cf. cuneus e dos 20 exemplares de pintado híbrido oriundos de uma piscicultura do município de Mogi Mirim, oito (40%) apresentaram infecção por Henneguya pseudoplatystoma. O sequenciamento do 18S rDNA de esporos de M. cf. cuneus e H. pseudoplatystoma resultou em sequências de 1855 e 1946pb, respectivamente. A análise ultra-estrutural de M. cf. cuneus revelou que os plasmódios apresentaram desenvolvimento assincrônico, com presença de pansporoblastos dispóricos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, e esporos imaturos e maduros por todo o plasmódio. A análise filogenética mostrou M. cf. cuneus como uma espécie irmã de Henneguya pellucida, em um subclado composto principalmente por mixosporídeos parasitos de characiformes e H. pseudoplatystoma agrupou em um subclado composto de Henneguya spp. parasitos de peixes do gênero PseudoplatystomaAbstract: Among the fish parasites, those of the Myxozoa phylum are highlighted as the most important. Most species of myxozoans show life cycle that involves two development stages, being that in vertebrates, mainly in annelids, occurs the actinospore stage and in vertebrates, mainly in fishes, but also in amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, the myxospore stage. In this study, morphological and molecular analysis were performed in actinospore and myxospore stages found in oligochaetes and fishes from fish farms from São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul states. For the actinosporo study, were performed two oligochaetes gatherings in two fish farms, one located in municipality of Porto Ferreira, São Paulo state and other in municipality of Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul state. Of the 333 oligochaetes collected in Porto Ferreira, 13 (3.9%) specimen of Pristina americana were observed releasing four actinospore types, being Aurantiactinomyxon types 1, 2 and 3, and Helioactinomyxon type 1. The ultrastructural analysis performed in one specimen of P. americana showed two different developmental stages of pansporocysts of Aurantiactinomyxon type 2 in the gut wall. In Terenos, 86 specimens of oligochaetes were collected, being that one specimen (0.9%) identified as Slavina evelinae was releasing actinospore of Seisactinomyxon type 1 nov., which belongs to collective group still not reported in the literature. The oligochaetes identification was performed based on morphological data and on the 18S rDNA sequencing. The sequencing of the 18S rDNA of Aurantiactinomyxon types 1 and 2, and Seisactinomyxon type 1 nov. were also performed, resulting in partial sequences containing 1200, 902 and 1877pb, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Aurantiactinomyxon type 1 and 2, and Seisactinomyxon type 1 nov. have grouped in a clade with a Thelohanellus species parasite of Siluriformes and other six species of Myxobolus parasites of Characiforms fishes. In the mixospore study, specimens of patinga (hybrid resulted from a cross between Piaractus mesopotamicus and P. brachypomus) and pintado (hybrid resulted from a cross between Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and P. reticulatum), were gathered from two fish farms in São Paulo state. From 15 specimens of patinga collected in Porto Ferreira, 11 (73.3%) presented Myxobolus cf. cuneus infection, and from the 20 specimens of hybrid pintado collected in Mogi Mirim, eight (40%) showed Henneguya pseudoplatystoma infection. The 18S rDNA sequencing of M. cf. cuneus and H. pseudoplatystoma spores resulted in sequences containing 1855 and 1946 bp, respectively. The M. cf. cuneus ultrastructural analysis revealed that the plasmodium presented an asynchronous development, with the presence of disporic pansporoblasts in two different development phase, and immature and mature spores in the whole plasmodium. The phylogenetic analysis showed M. cf cuneus as a sister specie of H. pellucida, in a subclade mainly composed of myxozoans parasites of Characiforms and H. pseudoplatystoma grouped in a subclade composed of Henneguya spp. parasites of fish of Pseudoplatystoma genusDoutoradoRelações Antrópicas, Meio Ambiente e ParasitologiaDoutor em Biologia Vegetal2011/08549-6FAPES

Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Myxosporea parasite of Brycon hilarii from Pantanal Matogrossense

Orientador: Edson Aparecido AdrianoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Parasitos do filo Myxozoa (Grassé, 1970) estão entre os patógenos de peixes mais importantes e têm sido objeto de muitos estudos nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver estudos taxonômicos (baseado em análises morfológicas e moleculares), da interação parasito-hospedeiro (com base nas análises histológicas e ultra-estruturais) e filogenéticos de mixosporidios parasitos de Brycon hilarii oriundos de ambiente natural e sistemas de criação. Os peixes de ambiente natural foram obtidos no Pantanal Matogrossense e os de sistemas de criação em pisciculturas do Estado de São Paulo. Uma nova espécie de Myxobolus (Myxobolus oliveirai) foi descrita infectando os filamentos braquiais de B. hilarii oriundos de ambiente natural, mas não foi observada a ocorrência deste parasito nos sistemas de criação avaliados. Dos 216 espécimes de B. hilarii examinados (126 silvestres e 90 cultivadas), 38,1% dos espécimes selvagens (n = 48) estavam infectados. O parasito formou plasmódios alongados, cerca de 3 mm de comprimento, principalmente na ponta dos filamentos branquiais. Foi realizada a comparação morfológica de M. oliveirai com todas as espécies de Myxobolus descritas infectando hospedeiros da América do Sul, assim como praticamente todas as espécies até agora descritas considerando todos os continentes. O sequenciamento parcial do gene 18S rDNA revelou que as sequências obtidas do Myxobolus parasito de B. hilarii não corresponde a nenhum dos Myxozoa disponíveis no GenBank. Na análise filogenética, M. oliveirai constituiu um grupo monofilético com outras oito espécies: cinco espécies de Myxobolus parasitos de peixes mugilídeos, duas espécies parasitos de pangasiideos e uma parasito de Centrarchideo. Os valores das prevalências da infecção não revelaram diferenças significativas entre as estações seca e úmida nem entre hospedeiros machos e fêmeasAbstract: Parasites of the phylum Myxozoa (Grassé, 1970) are among the most important pathogens of fish and have been subject of many studies in recent years. The aim of this study was to develop taxonomic studies (based on morphological and molecular), of the parasite-host interaction (based on histological and ultrastructural analysis) and phylogenetic of myxosporeans parasites of Brycon hilarii from natural environment and fish farms. The fish were obtained from natural environment in the Mato Grosso wetlands Brazil and fish farms in the state of São Paulo. A new species of Myxobolus (Myxobolus oliveirai) was described infecting the brachial filaments of B. hilarii from the natural environment, but did not observe the occurrence of this parasite in fish farms evaluated. Out of 216 B. hilarii specimens examined (126 wild and 90 cultivated), 38.1% of wild specimens (n = 48) were infected. The parasites form elongated plasmodia primarily in the tip of gill filaments, reaching about 3 mm in length. A thorough comparison with all the Myxobolus species described from South American hosts, as well as nearly all the Myxobolus species described so far is provided. Partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed that the Myxobolus species parasite of B. hilarii did not match any of the Myxozoa available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, M. oliveirai sp. nov. composed a monophyletic group with eight other species: five species of Myxobolus parasites of mugilid fishes, two parasites of pangasiid and one of centrarchid. Infection prevalence values of the parasite revealed no significant differences between wet and dry seasons or between males and femalesMestradoParasitologiaMestre em Parasitologi

Molecular Phylogeny And Ultrastructure Of Myxobolus Cf. Cuneus, A Parasite Of Patinga Hybrid And Henneguya Pseudoplatystoma, A Parasite Of Pintado Hybrid

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Through morphological, histopathological and ultrastructural analysis of Myxobolus cuneus Adriano, Arana et Cordeiro, 2006 and Henneguya pseudoplatystoma Naldoni, Arana, Maia, Ceccarelli, Tavares, Borges, Pozo et Adriano, 2009 were identified infecting pacu respectively (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and hybrid pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) taken from Brazilian fish farms. The present study describes 18S rDNA sequencing of Myxobolus cf. cuneus infecting the spleen of farmed patinga, a hybrid fish resulting from the crossing of P. mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus, and H. pseudoplatystoma found in farmed hybrid pintado from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study also provides new details of the host-parasite interface of M. cf. cuneus, which reveal that the plasmodial wall is composed of a single membrane connected to the plasmodium ectoplasm by numerous pinocytic canals. The plasmodia also displayed asynchronous development but had disporic pansporoblasts at different developmental stages; immature and mature spores were found at different depth levels of the plasmodium. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that M. cf. cuneus appeared as a sister species of Henneguya pellucida Adriano, Arana et Cordeiro, 2005 in a sub-clade composed mainly of myxosporean parasites of characiforms, and that H. pseudoplatystoma clustered in a sub-clade composed of Henneguya/Myxobolus spp. parasites of siluriform fish.603442450Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2011/08549-6

First report of a histozoic Henneguya (Cnidaria, Endocnidozoa) infecting a synbranchid potamodromous fish from South America: Morphostructural and biological data

In this study, a Henneguya myxosporean species is described to infect an ecological, biological, and evolutionary important fish from Amazon biome. The myxosporean was found in the skin of only one specimen of marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus caught in a small stream from Peruvian Amazon floodplain. Mature myxospores have ovoid shape from the valvular view, measuring 32.2 ± 0.6 μm (31.6–32.8) in total length, 21.5 ± 0.3 μm (21.2–21.8) in spore body length, 11.7 ± 0.5 μm (11.2–12.2) in width and 10.6 ± 0.9 μm (9.7–11.5) in thickness. Non-bifurcate caudal appendage, measuring 10.7 ± 0.4 μm (10.3–11.1) in length. Two polar capsules elongated aubergine in shape, equal in size and measuring 4.9 ± 0.2 μm (4.7–5.1) in length and 3.1 ± 0.5 μm (2.6–3.6) in width. Polar tubules coiled in 7–8 turns. This is the first report of a Henneguya species parasitizing a fish of the order Synbranchiformes from Amazon basin and the first to describe this parasite infecting a potamodromous fish from South America

Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Myxobolus cf. cuneus, a parasite of patinga hybrid and Henneguya pseudoplatystoma, a parasite of pintado hybrid

Through morphological, histopathological and ultrastructural analysis of Myxobolus cuneus Adriano, Arana et Cordeiro, 2006 and Henneguya pseudoplatystoma Naldoni, Arana, Maia, Ceccarelli, Tavares, Borges, Pozo et Adriano, 2009 were identified infecting pacu respectively (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and hybrid pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) taken from Brazilian fish farms. The present study describes 18S rDNA sequencing of Myxobolus cf. cuneus infecting the spleen of farmed patinga, a hybrid fish resulting from the crossing of P. mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus, and H. pseudoplatystoma found in farmed hybrid pintado from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study also provides new details of the host-parasite interface of M. cf. cuneus, which reveal that the plasmodial wall is composed of a single membrane connected to the plasmodium ectoplasm by numerous pinocytic canals. The plasmodia also displayed asynchronous development but had disporic pansporoblasts at different developmental stages; immature and mature spores were found at different depth levels of the plasmodium. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that M. cf. cuneus appeared as a sister species of Henneguya pellucida Adriano, Arana et Cordeiro, 2005 in a sub-clade composed mainly of myxosporean parasites of characiforms, and that H. pseudoplatystoma clustered in a sub-clade composed of Henneguya/Myxobolus spp. parasites of siluriform fish603FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2011/08549-