Beyond GDP: Effects of Industrial Composition and Relative Wage Growth on Political Partisanship

Honors (Bachelor's)Political ScienceUniversity of Michiganhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147399/1/jnthorne.pd

Fertility of Beef Recipients Following a Fixed-Time Embryo Transfer Protocol that Includes Follicle Stimulating Hormone Diluted in Hyaluronan

This study was performed to test the viability of administering a single 40 mg dose of Folltropin-V® (FSH, Bioniche Animal Health) diluted in SRF (MAP-5 50, Sodium Hyaluronate, Bioniche Animal Health) on day 5 of a recipient synchronization protocol to beef cows to evaluate its effect on recipient fertility. All recipients were administered an estradiol 17beta (2.5 mg, IM) and progesterone (50 mg, IM) combination injection on day 0 and a CIDR® (progesterone 1.34 g, Pfizer Animal Health) was inserted. Lutalyse® (dinoprost tromethamine, Pfizer Animal Health, 25 mg, IM) was administered at the time of CIDR removal on day 7, and estradiol 17beta (1 mg, IM) was administered on day 8. On day 16, the presence of at least one corpus luteum (CL), detected via ultrasound, resulted in the recipient receiving an embryo (both fresh and frozen-thawed embryos were used). Embryos were not transferred into cows that did not show the presence of a CL. Dependent variables for which data were collected included circulating progesterone levels at the time of transfer, number of CLs and CL diameter, circumference, and area; measured in millimeters. The study (n=572) consisted of a treatment group (n=268) and a control group (n=304), and included both Bos indicus (Brahman influenced) crossbred (n=115) and Bos taurus (Angus based) cows (n=457). Pregnancy rates for Treated recipients (40.67%A) and Control recipients (52.96%B) differed (P<.05). There was no difference in the mean number of CLs per recipient for Treated (1.14 +/- .03) and Control (1.10 +/- .02) cows, nor was there a difference in progesterone (P4) at the time of transfer for Treated (3.14 +/- .40 ng/mL) and Control (3.23 +/- .18 ng/mL) recipients. Overall, the inclusion of Folltropin-V® diluted in hyaluronan in a FTET synchronization protocol did not improve the fertility of beef recipients

Electric field optimisation for cryogenic nEDM experiments

This thesis presents details of the design, construction and measurements of an apparatus (Blue Elbow cryostat) for high voltage testing of a full-size cryogenic nEDM cell in liquid helium at 4.2 K SVP. The test cell is cylindrical and of 24 cm internal diameter with stainless steel electrodes and an insulating borosilicate glass spacer. The cylinder axis of the cell is vertical and the insulator is located in grooves in the electrodes. The electrode separation can be varied from 0.2 cmto 2.6 cm and a voltage of up to 260 kV can be applied across the cell. It has long been expected that a nEDM cell immersed in superfluid LHe at 0.5 K should permit E-fields much greater than room temperature experiments. Long et al. (1) showed that over 400 kV/cm was obtainable in a large cell without an insulating spacer at 4.2 K, but that this was reduced dramatically as the temperature, and hence pressure, was reduced to below 2 K in a pumped LHe bath. Subsequent work by Davidson (2) in this laboratory on small spacerless cells showed that the dielectric strength in the superfluid at 1.9 K could be restored to its 400 kV/cm value by pressurising the LHe to 1 bar. Further work in this laboratory by Davidson (2) and Hill (3) shows that the introduction of a dielectric spacer reduces the value of the breakdown field, Ebd , for a given geometry. However, measurements presented here on smaller scales than the Blue Elbow cryostat, overcame the reduced fields through careful groove optimisation and insulator material choice. Ebd data as a function of separation with the Blue Elbow cryostat in LN2 show a clear reduction compared to data from smaller scale cells, due to surface area effects. Breakdown fields in LHe at 4.2 K SVP with this apparatus indicate fields at 120 kV/cm were achievable at 6mm separation but dropped off dramatically as separation was increased to 12 mm then 16 mm. The reason for the drop off is attributed to the geometry of the electrode. This result, together with Davidson’s pressure dependence data, should inform the design of a future cryogenic nEDM experiment

Oxygen ion dynamics in the Earth's ring current: Van Allen probes observations

Oxygen (O+) enhancements in the inner magnetosphere are often observed during geomagnetically active times, such as geomagnetic storms. In this study, we quantitatively examine the difference in ring current dynamics with and without a substantial O+ ion population based on almost 6 years of Van Allen Probes observations. Our results have not only confirmed previous finding of the role of O+ ions to the ring current but also found that abundant O+ ions are always present during large storms when sym-H < -60 nT without exception, whilst having the pressure ratio () between O+ and proton (H+) larger than 0.8 and occasionally even larger than 1 when L < 3. Simultaneously, the pressure anisotropy decreases with decreasing sym-H and increasing L shell. The pressure anisotropy decrease during the storm main phase is likely related to the pitch angle isotropization processes. In addition, we find that increases during the storm main phase and then decreases during the storm recovery phase, suggesting faster buildup and decay of O+ pressure compared to H+ ions, which are probably associated with some species dependent source and/or energization as well as loss processes in the inner magnetosphere.Accepted manuscrip

Living with cardiovascular disease (CVD): Exploring the biggest challenges for people affected by CVD in the UK, and their use (or not) of online resources

As death rates decrease, people affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) continue to live with these diseases and the associated challenges, long-term. We aimed to identify the biggest challenges for people affected by CVD in the UK and explore the sources of support and information used to help manage conditions, to inform future service provision. An online questionnaire was sent and advertised to people over 16 years old in the UK self-identifying as affected by CVD (living with CVD, had risk factors, or a carer). There were 13,885 responses. The top five challenges were: feeling down, sad, or depressed; making changes to the way or amount of exercise; anxiety, fear, and uncertainty about the future; having one member of staff to speak to about all aspects of care; and being given information on the side effects of medications. Key challenges were not restricted to a particular condition, indicated by minimal variation between types of CVD. One-quarter of respondents indicated they do not use online resources or digital technologies to help manage their health. The volume and inconsistency of online sources were reported as barriers to using these. The results highlight the psychological and physical consequences of living with CVD. Fragmented care and variable access to information and support further compound these issues. Providing holistic care needs attention; the acknowledgement of psychological needs and access to support, alongside physical challenges is necessary. Stakeholders in healthcare and information technology should work together to ensure online information and support is clear, consistent, and reliable. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Innovation & Technology lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework. (http://bit.ly/ExperienceFramework) Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this len

Origin of two-band chorus in the radiation belt of Earth.

Naturally occurring chorus emissions are a class of electromagnetic waves found in the space environments of the Earth and other magnetized planets. They play an essential role in accelerating high-energy electrons forming the hazardous radiation belt environment. Chorus typically occurs in two distinct frequency bands separated by a gap. The origin of this two-band structure remains a 50-year old question. Here we report, using NASA's Van Allen Probe measurements, that banded chorus waves are commonly accompanied by two separate anisotropic electron components. Using numerical simulations, we show that the initially excited single-band chorus waves alter the electron distribution immediately via Landau resonance, and suppress the electron anisotropy at medium energies. This naturally divides the electron anisotropy into a low and a high energy components which excite the upper-band and lower-band chorus waves, respectively. This mechanism may also apply to the generation of chorus waves in other magnetized planetary magnetospheres

Bias Correction, Quantile Mapping, and Downscaling: Revisiting the Inflation Issue

Quantile mapping is routinely applied to correct biases of regional climate model simulations compared to observational data. If the observations are of similar resolution as the regional climate model, quantile mapping is a feasible approach. However, if the observations are of much higher resolution, quantile mapping also attempts to bridge this scale mismatch. Here, it is shown for daily precipitation that such quantile mapping-based downscaling is not feasible but introduces similar problems as inflation of perfect prognosis ("prog") downscaling: the spatial and temporal structure of the corrected time series is misrepresented, the drizzle effect for area means is overcorrected, area-mean extremes are overestimated, and trends are affected. To overcome these problems, stochastic bias correction is required

A Ramsey apparatus for proton spins in flowing water

We present an apparatus that applies Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields to proton spins in water molecules. The setup consists of a water circuit, a spin polarizer, a magnetically shielded interaction region with various radio frequency elements, and a nuclear magnetic resonance system to measure the spin polarization. We show that this apparatus can be used for Rabi resonance measurements and to investigate magnetic and pseudomagnetic field effects in Ramsey-type precision measurements with a sensitivity below 100 pT