56 research outputs found

    Performance evaluation of a radar by computer

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    This thesis examines the radar range performance of Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-9) in thermal noise, as well as in presence of clutter and jamming. Radar software available from Artech House was used for the performance evaluation. Comparison of detection range in the software is based on empirical calculation of detectability factor in contrast to Marcum-Swerling method which is based on standard radar detection theory. ASR-9 was chosen because it has no military significance and data on it is easily available.http://archive.org/details/performanceevalu00thonLieutenant, Royal Thai NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

    Autophagy-Associated Shrinkage of the Hepatopancreas in Fasting Male Macrobrachium rosenbergii Is Rescued by Neuropeptide F

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    Invertebrate neuropeptide F-I (NPF-I), much alike its mammalian homolog neuropeptide Y, influences several physiological processes, including circadian rhythms, cortical excitability, stress response, and food intake behavior. Given the role of autophagy in the metabolic stress response, we investigated the effect of NPF-1 on autophagy during fasting and feeding conditions in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues of the male giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Starvation up-regulated the expression of the autophagy marker LC3 in both tissues. Yet, based on the relative levels of the autophagosome-associated LC3-II isoform and of its precursor LC3-I, the hepatopancreas was more responsive than the muscle to starvation-induced autophagy. Injection of NPF-I inhibited the autophagosome formation in the hepatopancreas of fasting prawns. Relative to the body weight, the muscle weight was not affected, while that of the hepatopancreas decreased upon starvation and NPF-1 treatment could largely prevent such weight loss. Thus, the hepatopancreas is the reserve organ for the nutrient homeostasis during starvation and NPF-I plays a crucial role in the balancing of energy expenditure and energy intake during starvation by modulating autophagy

    āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāļĨāļēāļĄāļīāļ§āļđāļ”āļĩāļ™āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ„āļ§āļĢāļąāļŠāļ•āļąāļšāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļšāļĩ: āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ—āļšāļ—āļ§āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĒāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ Lamivudine as Initial Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus in a University Teaching Hospital: a Retrospective Patient Record Review Study

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    āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒ: āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļīāļ™āļīāļ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĒāļēāļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāļĨāļēāļĄāļīāļ§āļđāļ”āļĩāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĢāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ„āļ§āļĢāļąāļŠāļ•āļąāļšāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļšāļĩ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ“āļ™āļēāđāļšāļšāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļĒāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ„āļ§āļĢāļąāļŠāļ•āļąāļšāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļšāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĒāļēāļĨāļēāļĄāļīāļ§āļđāļ”āļĩāļ™ āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 150 āļĄāļīāļĨāļĨāļīāļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļ“ āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļŦāļēāļĢāļēāļŠāļ™āļ„āļĢāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āļˆ.āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āļˆāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™ 98 āļ„āļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1 āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ.2548 - 31 āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2552 āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļˆāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™ 98 āļ„āļ™ āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ HBeAg positive 55 āļ„āļ™ (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 56.1) āđāļĨāļ° HBeAg negative 43 āļ„āļ™ (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 43.9) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ HBeAg positive āļžāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ” seroconversion āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 16.4 āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš HBV DNA āļ•āđˆāļēāļˆāļ™āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļšāļ•āđˆāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ HBeAg negative (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 18.2 āđāļĨāļ° āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 53.5) āđāļ•āđˆāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ alanine aminotransferase (ALT) āļāļĨāļąāļšāļŠāļđāđˆāļ„āđˆāļēāļ›āļāļ•āļīāļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 76.4 āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 69.8) āļžāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ” virological breakthrough āđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ HBeAg positive āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē HBeAg negative (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 23.6 āđāļĨāļ° 18.6 ) āđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļšāļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļķāļāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļšāļšāđˆāļ­āļĒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđāļ•āđˆāļžāļšāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļšāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđāļ•āđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ” hepatitis flares āļˆāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™ 6 āļĢāļēāļĒ (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 6.1) āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ” substantial biochemical change āļˆāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™ 5 āļĢāļēāļĒ (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 5.1) āđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļĒāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļžāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļĒāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĒāļēāđƒāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 58.2 āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 1.0 āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļēāļ”āļąāļš āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ HBeAg positive āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļšāļŠāļąāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļĒāļēāļ—āļĩāđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļŸāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āļ°āļ”āļĩāđ‚āļŸāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāļ—āļĩāđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļŸāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļĒāļēāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļŠāļĢāļļāļ›: āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāļĨāļēāļĄāļīāļ§āļđāļ”āļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 150 āļĄāļīāļĨāļĨāļīāļāļĢāļąāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ„āļ§āļĢāļąāļŠāļ•āļąāļšāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļšāļĩ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBV DNA āļ•āđˆāļēāļˆāļ™āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļš āđāļĨāļ° ALT āļāļĨāļąāļšāļŠāļđāđˆāļ„āđˆāļēāļ›āļāļ•āļī āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļˆāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđ€āļāļīāļ” HBe seroconversion āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļĒāļēāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 58.2 āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļđāđāļĨāļ„āļ™āđ„āļ‚āđ‰āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āđ„āļ§āļĢāļąāļŠāļ•āļąāļšāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļšāļĩ, āļĨāļēāļĄāļīāļ§āļđāļ”āļĩāļ™, āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļīāļ™āļīāļObjective: To evaluate clinical outcomes, adverse events and patterns of antiviral therapy from adding or changing medications during initial treatment with lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus. Method: This retrospective descriptive study involved 98 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were treated with 150 mg lamivudine tablets at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from January 1st, 2005 to December 31st, 2009. Results: The 98 patients were divided into groups as 55 (56.1%) patients with HBeAg positive before the treatment, and 43 (43.9%) HBeAg negative. Patients with HBeAg positive had HBe seroconversion at 16.4% with HBV DNA below detection level and lower than HBeAg negative patients (18.2% and 53.5%); however, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization was higher (76.4% and 69.8%). Virological breakthrough in HBeAg positive patients was higher than HBeAg negative patients (23.6% and 18.6%). Most common adverse events were not recorded during treatment but serious adverse events, hepatitis flares and substantial biochemical change were found in six (6.1%) and five patients (5.1%), respectively. No patients discontinued or changed their treatment as a result of serious adverse events. Adding and changing medication was carried out in 58.2% and 1.0% of patients respectively, who were mostly HBeAg positive. Patients added with tenofovir during lamivudine treatment were higher than those adding adefovir, which followed the terms of tenofovir as recorded in the National List of Essential Medicines. Conclusion: Our findings showed that use of lamivudine 150 mg as initial treatment for chronic hepatics B virus could achieve undetectable levels and ALT normalization, although a small number of patients had HBe seroconversion and 58.2% added other antivirals. The results reflects real-life practice.Keywords: chronic hepatitis B, lamivudine, clinical outcome

    Autophagy-Associated Shrinkage of the Hepatopancreas in Fasting Male Macrobrachium rosenbergii Is Rescued by Neuropeptide F

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    Invertebrate neuropeptide F-I (NPF-I), much alike its mammalian homolog neuropeptide Y, influences several physiological processes, including circadian rhythms, cortical excitability, stress response, and food intake behavior. Given the role of autophagy in the metabolic stress response, we investigated the effect of NPF-1 on autophagy during fasting and feeding conditions in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues of the male giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Starvation up-regulated the expression of the autophagy marker LC3 in both tissues. Yet, based on the relative levels of the autophagosome-associated LC3-II isoform and of its precursor LC3-I, the hepatopancreas was more responsive than the muscle to starvationinduced autophagy. Injection of NPF-I inhibited the autophagosome formation in the hepatopancreas of fasting prawns. Relative to the body weight, the muscle weight was not affected, while that of the hepatopancreas decreased upon starvation and NPF-1 treatment could largely prevent such weight loss. Thus, the hepatopancreas is the reserve organ for the nutrient homeostasis during starvation and NPF-I plays a crucial role in the balancing of energy expenditure and energy intake during starvation by modulating autophagy

    Transcriptional Profile of the Arabidopsis Root Quiescent Center

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    The self-renewal characteristics of stem cells render them vital engines of development. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that determine the properties of stem cells, transcript profiling was conducted on quiescent center (QC) cells from the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem. The AGAMOUS-LIKE 42 (AGL42) gene, which encodes a MADS box transcription factor whose expression is enriched in the QC, was used to mark these cells. RNA was isolated from sorted cells, labeled, and hybridized to Affymetrix microarrays. Comparisons with digital in situ expression profiles of surrounding tissues identified a set of genes enriched in the QC. Promoter regions from a subset of transcription factors identified as enriched in the QC conferred expression in the QC. These studies demonstrated that it is possible to successfully isolate and profile a rare cell type in the plant. Mutations in all enriched transcription factor genes including AGL42 exhibited no detectable root phenotype, raising the possibility of a high degree of functional redundancy in the QC

    Starvation promotes autophagy-associated maturation of the testis in the giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii

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    Autophagy is a degradative process of cellular components accomplished through an autophagosomal-lysosomal pathway. It is an evolutionary conserved mechanism present in all eukaryotic cells, and it plays a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis both in vertebrates and invertebrates. Autophagy accompanies tissue remodeling during organ differentiation. Several autophagy-related genes and proteins show significant upregulations following nutrient shortage (i.e., starvation). In our previous study, we found that in female giant freshwater prawns subjected to a short period of starvation autophagy was up-regulated in consonant with ovarian maturation and oocyte differentiation. Whether and how starvation-induced autophagy impacts on testicular maturation and spermatogenesis of the male prawns remained to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of starvation on histological and cellular changes in the testis of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii that paralleled the induction of autophagy. Under short starvation condition, the male prawns showed increased gonado-somatic index, increased size, and late stage of maturation of seminiferous tubules, which contained increased number of spermatozoa. Concurrently, the number of autophagy vacuoles and autophagy flux, as monitored by transmission electron microscopy and the autophagic marker LC3, increased in the testicular cells, indicating that a short period of starvation could induce testicular maturation and spermatogenesis in male M. rosenbergii along with modulation of autophagy
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