RNA Polymerase-Binding and Transcription Initiation Sites Upstream of the Methyl Reductase Operon of Methanococcus vannielii

RNA Polymerase, purified from Methanococcus vannielii, was shown by exonuclease III footprinting to bind to a 49-base-pair (bp) region of DNA in the intergenic region upstream of mcrB. Sl nuclease protection experiments demonstrated that transcription Initiation in vivo occurs within this region at 32 or 33 bp 5' to the A T G translation initiation codon of mcrB and 19 or 20 bp 3' to a T A T A box

The scientific impotence excuse in education – Disentangling potency and pertinence assessments of educational research

When facing belief-contradictory scientific evidence, preservice teachers tend to doubt the potency of science and consult scientific sources less frequently. Thus, individuals run the risk not only to maintain questionable assumptions but also to develop dysfunctional stances toward research as a reliable source of knowledge. In two studies, we (a) replicated findings on the so-called scientific impotence excuse (SIE) in education and (b) differentiated the effects on the potency and pertinence of science to investigate educational topics to better understand the nature of SIE-related science devaluation. Both studies followed a 2 × 2 mixed experimental design: Preservice teachers assessed their prior belief about an educational topic (i.e., effectiveness of grade retention) before and after reading either confirming or disconfirming scientific evidence concerning the topic. Study 1 ( N = 147 preservice teachers; direct replication) confirmed the central prior findings of science devaluation when belief-evidence conflicts occur. In contrast, the results of Study 2 ( N = 152; follow-up study) revealed no systematic devaluations of science when disentangling the facets of potency and pertinence. Despite partial devaluation tendencies, both studies revealed that preservice teachers adapted their prior beliefs to the evidence presented. These findings extend previous research by providing insights into the conditions of science devaluation

El balanced scorecard y su efecto en los resultados financieros en una empresa productora de alimentos periodo 2017-2018

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como título “El Balanced Scorecard y su efecto en los Resultados Financieros en una empresa de consumo masivo periodo 2017-2018 donde nuestro propósito primordial fue determinar la correlación que hay entre la satisfacción del personal, la satisfacción de los clientes y la pertinencia de procesos internos, con la rentabilidad de la empresa. El tipo de investigación que se utilizó para la presente tesis fue de un estudio aplicada, de nivel descriptivo correlacional teniendo como enfoque cuantitativo el diseño no experimental. La técnica que se utilizará para la recolección de datos es la observación ya que mediante esto podemos ver reflejado la situación real de la organización en un determinado periodo, de la misma manera se empleó el análisis del estado de resultados donde podemos observar las variaciones que ocurrieron con la utilización del Balanced Scorecard. Finalmente se llegó a la conclusión que el BSC permite a la organización contar con un control sobre todas las áreas de la entidad relacionando los objetivos con las acciones y estrategias a implementar, se recomienda a futuros investigadores la utilización de los instrumentos o de sus resultados a fin de poder ampliar el panorama mediante la realización de otros estudios, de la misma forma también contar con una buena planificación que les permita poder desarrollar sus objetivos de una forma eficiente

A polymerase III-like reinitiation mechanism is operating in regulation of histone expression in archaea

An archaeal histone gene from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus containing four consecutive putative oligo-dT terminator sequences was used as a model system to investigate termination signals and the mechanism of termination in vitro. The archaeal RNA polymerase terminated with high efficiency at the first terminator at 90°C when it contained five to six T residues, at 80°C readthrough was significantly increased. A putative hairpin structure upstream of the first terminator had no effect on termination efficiency. Template competition experiments starting with RNA polymerase molecules engaged in ternary complexes revealed recycling of RNA polymerase from the terminator to the promoter of the same template. This facilitated reinitiation was dependent upon the presence of a terminator sequence suggest-ing that pausing at the terminator is required for recycling as in the RNA polymerase III system. Replacement of the sequences immediately down-stream of the oligo-dT terminator by an AT-rich segment improved termination efficiency. Both AT-rich and GC-rich downstream sequences seemed to impair the facilitated reinitiation pathway. Our data suggest that recycling is dependent on a subtle interplay of pausing of RNA polymerase at the ter-minator and RNA polymerase translocation beyond the oligo-dT termination signal that is dramatically affected by downstream sequences

Structure–function analysis of the RNA polymerase cleft loops elucidates initial transcription, DNA unwinding and RNA displacement.

The active center clefts of RNA polymerase (RNAP) from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) and of yeast RNAP II are nearly identical, including four protruding loops, the lid, rudder, fork 1 and fork 2. Here we present a structure–function analysis of recombinant Pfu RNAP variants lacking these cleft loops, and analyze the function of each loop at different stages of the transcription cycle. All cleft loops except fork 1 were required for promoter-directed transcription and efficient elongation. Unprimed de novo transcription required fork 2, the lid was necessary for primed initial transcription. Analysis of templates containing a pre-melted bubble showed that rewinding of upstream DNA drives RNA separation from the template. During elongation, downstream DNA strand separation required template strand binding to an invariant arginine in switch 2, and apparently interaction of an invariant arginine in fork 2 with the non-template strand