135 research outputs found
Harmonisation framework for health based evaluation of indoor emissions from construction products in the European Union using the EU-LCI concept
This report describes a harmonised procedure for establishing a list of compounds and their associated LCI (Lowest Concentration of Interest) values for the evaluation of emissions from construction products taking into account existing procedures used in some Member States (i.e. ANSES in France and AgBB in Germany). It provides an appropriate healthâprotective, science-based and transparent yet pragmatic approach with a flexible framework that enables review of the procedure to take into account new knowledge (e.g. data resulting from the REACH implementation process) for future revision of the EU-LCI master list in terms of both the compounds listed and their EU-LCI values.JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testin
Behavioural and Physiological Responses of Gammarus pulex Exposed to Cadmium and Arsenate at Three Temperatures: Individual and Combined Effects
This study aimed at investigating both the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (AsV) on the physiology and behaviour of the Crustacean Gammarus pulex at three temperatures (5, 10 and15°C). G. pulex was exposed during 96 h to (i) two [Cd] alone, (ii) two [AsV] alone, and (iii) four combinations of [Cd] and [AsV] to obtain a complete factorial plane. After exposure, survival, [AsV] or [Cd] in body tissues, behavioural (ventilatory and locomotor activities) and physiological responses (iono-regulation of [Na+] and [Clâ] in haemolymph) were examined. The interactive effects (antagonistic, additive or synergistic) of binary mixtures were evaluated for each tested temperature using a predictive model for the theoretically expected interactive effect of chemicals. In single metal exposure, both the internal metal concentration in body tissues and the mortality rate increased along metallic gradient concentration. Cd alone significantly impaired both [Na+] and [Clâ] while AsV alone had a weak impact only on [Clâ]. The behavioural responses of G. pulex declined with increasing metal concentration suggesting a reallocation of energy from behavioural responses to maintenance functions. The interaction between AsV and Cd was considered as âadditiveâ for all the tested binary mixtures and temperatures (except for the lowest combination at 10°C considered as âantagonisticâ). In binary mixtures, the decrease in both ventilatory and locomotor activities and the decline in haemolymphatic [Clâ] were amplified when respectively compared to those observed with the same concentrations of AsV or Cd alone. However, the presence of AsV decreased the haemolymphatic [Na+] loss when G. pulex was exposed to the lowest Cd concentration. Finally, the observed physiological and behavioural effects (except ventilation) in G. pulex exposed to AsV and/or Cd were exacerbated under the highest temperature. The discussion encompasses both the toxicity mechanisms of these metals and their interaction with rising temperature
Film Theory after Copjec
The importation of Lacanian psychoanalysis into film theory in the 1970s and 1980s ushered in a new era of cinema scholarship and criticism. Figures including Raymond Bellour, Laura Mulvey, and Christian Metz are often considered the pioneers of applying Lacanian psychoanalysis in the context of film theory, most notably through their writings in Screen Journal. However, where French and British scholarship on Lacan and film reached its limits, American Lacanianism flourished. When Joan Copjecâs now classic essay âThe Orthopsychic Subject: Film Theory and the Reception of Lacanâ was published in 1989, the trajectory of Lacanian film theory would become radically altered; as Todd McGowan recently put it, the âbutchered operationâ on Lacan committed by Mulvey and (quoting Copjec) the âFoucaultianizationâ of Lacan under the auspices of Screen Journal were finally indicted in one gesture through Copjecâs critique. Copjec and McGowanâs unique American view of Lacan marks a pivotal point in the convergence of psychoanalytic theory and cinema studies; by seeking to wrest Lacan from historist/deconstructionist theories of the subject, and by revisiting Lacan beyond the mirror stage, Copjec and McGowan can be said to have instantiated a resuscitation or even a renaissance of Lacanian theory in film studies in particular and in American scholarship more generally. In this essay, this renaissance of Lacanian theory is examined, focusing on the innovations these two American thinkers brought to psychoanalytic film theory and the multiple paths carved out into other disciplines that followed. First, a detailed summation of the contentions between screen theory and Copjecâs position is introduced, as well as McGowanâs assessment thereof. Then, the trajectory of psychoanalytic film theory after Copjecâs arrival is the focus, including the major innovations in her thought from cinematic subjectivity to sexual difference (most notably from Read My Desire) and the way her position spread to philosophy and ontology. Finally, the article identifies the limitations of Copjecâs and McGowanâs thought and seeks new possibilities through which we may continue to apply psychoanalysis to the cinema in the wake of these two important thinkers.
Lâimportation de la psychanalyse lacanienne dans la thĂ©orie du film au cours des annĂ©es 1970 et 1980 a apportĂ© une nouvelle Ăšre de recherche et de critique cinĂ©matographiques. Des figures comme Raymond Bellour, Laura Mulvey et Christian Metz sont souvent considĂ©rĂ©es comme Ă©tant les pionniers dans lâapplication de la psychanalyse lacanienne au contexte de la thĂ©orie du film, surtout dans leurs Ă©crits pour le Screen Journal. Par contre, lĂ oĂč les recherches françaises et britanniques sur Lacan et la cinĂ©matographie ont atteint leurs limites, le lacanisme amĂ©ricain a prospĂ©rĂ©. La publication en 1989 de « The Orthopsychic Subject: Film Theory and the Reception of Lacan », lâessai classique de Joan Copjec, a complĂštement changĂ© la trajectoire de la thĂ©orie lacanienne du film; comme Todd McGowan lâa rĂ©cemment exprimĂ©, « lâopĂ©ration massacrĂ©e » commise sur Lacan par Mulvey et (citant Copjec) la « Foucaultisation » de Lacan sous les auspices de Screen Journal avaient finalement Ă©tĂ© accusĂ©es dâun seul coup par la critique de Copjec. Le point de vue uniquement amĂ©ricain de Copjec et de McGowan sur Lacan marque un tournant dans la convergence de la thĂ©orie psychanalytique et des Ă©tudes cinĂ©matographiques. En cherchant Ă arracher Lacan des thĂ©ories historicistes/dĂ©constructivistes du sujet, et en revisitant Lacan au-delĂ du stade du miroir, Copjec et McGowan ont instanciĂ© une ressuscitation, voire une renaissance, de la thĂ©orie lacanienne dans les Ă©tudes cinĂ©matographiques en particulier et dans les Ă©tudes amĂ©ricaines en gĂ©nĂ©ral. Dans cet article, cette renaissance de la thĂ©orie lacanienne est examinĂ©e, mettant lâaccent sur les innovations que ces deux penseurs amĂ©ricains ont apportĂ©es Ă la thĂ©orie psychanalytique du film et les multiples chemins tracĂ©s dans dâautres disciplines subsĂ©quentes. PremiĂšrement, un rĂ©sumĂ© dĂ©taillĂ© des diffĂ©rends entre la thĂ©orie du film et la position de Copjec est prĂ©sentĂ©, ainsi que lâĂ©valuation de McGowan Ă ce sujet. Puis, la trajectoire de la thĂ©orie psychanalytique du film aprĂšs lâarrivĂ©e de Copjec est mise de lâavant, notamment les innovations importantes de sa pensĂ©e de la subjectivitĂ© Ă la diffĂ©rence sexuelle (particuliĂšrement dans Read My Desire) et la maniĂšre dont sa position sâest propagĂ©e dans la philosophie et lâontologie. Finalement, lâarticle identifie les limites de la pensĂ©e de Copjec et de McGowan et cherche de nouvelles possibilitĂ©s Ă travers lesquelles nous pourrions continuer dâappliquer la psychanalyse au cinĂ©ma aprĂšs ces deux grands penseurs
Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014â2021)
HBM4EU is co-financed under Horizon 2020 (grant agreement No 733032).As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants from three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years, and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, and benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs, and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with the highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, ÎŁ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European-wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability, and will give leverage to national policymakers for the implementation of targeted measures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014â2021)
Funding Information: The authors would like to thank everybody who contributed to the HBM4EU Aligned Studies: the participating children, teenagers, adults and their families, the fieldworkers that collected the samples and database managers that made the information available to HBM4EU, the HBM4EU project partners, especially those from WP7 for developing all materials supporting the fieldwork, WP9 for organizing the QA/QC scheme under HBM4EU and all laboratories who performed the analytical measurements. We would like to acknowledge Sun Kyoung Jung from the National Institute of Environmental Research of South-Korea for providing the KoNEHS Cycle III results (crt adjusted). HBM4EU is co-financed under Horizon 2020 (grant agreement No 733032). The authors thank all principal investigators of the contributing studies for their participation and contribution to the HBM4EU Aligned Studies and the national program owners for their financial support. Further details on funding for all the participating studies can be found in the Supplemental Material, Table S12.As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6â12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12â18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20â39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11â12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, ÎŁ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures.publishersversionpublishe
Exploring the impact of phonological awareness, visualâspatial working memory, and preschool quantityânumber competencies on mathematics achievement in elementary school: Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study
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