Electrophoresis of colloidal dispersions in the low-salt regime

We study the electrophoretic mobility of spherical charged colloids in a low-salt suspension as a function of the colloidal concentration. Using an effective particle charge and a reduced screening parameter, we map the data for systems with different particle charges and sizes, including numerical simulation data with full electrostatics and hydrodynamics and experimental data for latex dispersions, on a single master curve. We observe two different volume fraction-dependent regimes for the electrophoretic mobility that can be explained in terms of the static properties of the ionic double layer.Comment: Substantially revised versio

Ground-water quality in the Mahomet aquifer, McLean, Logan and Tazewell counties

"February 1995.""Prepared for the Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources.

Overview: Computer vision and machine learning for microstructural characterization and analysis

The characterization and analysis of microstructure is the foundation of microstructural science, connecting the materials structure to its composition, process history, and properties. Microstructural quantification traditionally involves a human deciding a priori what to measure and then devising a purpose-built method for doing so. However, recent advances in data science, including computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) offer new approaches to extracting information from microstructural images. This overview surveys CV approaches to numerically encode the visual information contained in a microstructural image, which then provides input to supervised or unsupervised ML algorithms that find associations and trends in the high-dimensional image representation. CV/ML systems for microstructural characterization and analysis span the taxonomy of image analysis tasks, including image classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, and instance segmentation. These tools enable new approaches to microstructural analysis, including the development of new, rich visual metrics and the discovery of processing-microstructure-property relationships.Comment: submitted to Materials and Metallurgical Transactions

Induced activation in accelerator components

The residual activity induced in particle accelerators is a serious issue from the point of view of radiation safety as the long-lived radionuclides produced by fast or moderated neutrons and impact protons cause problems of radiation exposure for staff involved in the maintenance work and when decommissioning the facility. This paper presents activation studies of the magnets and collimators in the High Energy Beam Transport line of the European Spallation Source due to the backscattered neutrons from the target and also due to the direct proton interactions and their secondaries. An estimate of the radionuclide inventory and induced activation are predicted using the GEANT4 code

Chemical Oxidation for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water

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Spatial Variability of Arsenic in Groundwater

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Feasibility of Groundwater Source Heat Pumps for Space Heating and Cooling in Mason County and the American Bottoms Area, Illinois

While air temperatures in Illinois vary greatly, shallow groundwater temperatures are nearly constant. Groundwater source geothermal heat pump systems can exploit this temperature difference for energy-efficient space heating, space cooling, and refrigeration. Such systems may contribute to energy efficiency gains and sustainable economic development. This project characterized two areas for geothermal heating and cooling potential. Mason County in central Illinois is mostly rural. The American Bottoms area of Madison and St. Clair Counties in southwestern Illinois is largely urban. Both areas are underlain by a thick sand and gravel aquifer. Although there are numerous water supply wells in both areas, groundwater is readily available for groundwater source heat pump systems. The heating and cooling requirements for a single-family house were estimated using two independent models that use weather data as input. Weather data, including monthly high and low temperatures and heating and cooling degree days, were compiled for both study areas. The groundwater pumping rates for these heating and cooling requirements were then calculated. The performance of a heat pump is expressed as the coefficient of performance (COP), the ratio of heating or cooling rate to the electrical energy input. For groundwater heat pumps, the heating COP value is 3.0 to 4.0. For cooling, COP ranges from 3.5 to 6.7. Calculations were performed using these ranges of COP. The groundwater in both study areas has fairly high hardness and iron concentrations and is close to saturation with calcium and iron carbonates. Using the groundwater for cooling will probably induce the precipitation of moderate amounts of one or both of these minerals. Periodic cleaning of heat exchanger surfaces, other system piping, and possibly well screens will be needed to remove these deposits.This project was supported by the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, a division of the Prairie Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Grant No. HWR12225).Ope

Solidification to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of SEDDS:Opportunities and challenges

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) offer potential for overcoming the inherent slow dissolution and poor oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs by retaining them in a solubilised state during gastrointestinal transit. However, the promising biopharmaceutical benefits of liquid lipid formulations has not translated into widespread commercial success, due to their susceptibility to long term storage and in vivo precipitation issues. One strategy that has emerged to overcome such limitations, is to combine the solubilisation and dissolution enhancing properties of lipids with the stabilising effects of solid carrier materials. The development of intelligent hybrid drug formulations has presented new opportunities to harness the potential of emulsified lipids in optimising oral bioavailability for lipophilic therapeutics. Specific emphasis of this review is placed on the impact of solidification approaches and excipients on the biopharmaceutical performance of self-emulsifying lipids, with findings highlighting the key design considerations that should be implemented when developing hybrid lipid-based formulations

ARSENIC REMOVAL IN WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES: SURVEY OF GEOCHEMICAL FACTORS AND PILOT PLANT EXPERIMENTS

Midwest Technology Assistance Center for Small Community Water Supplies (MTAC)Ope