Glyphoglossus molossus Erfurt A 2184/15, iodine-stained CT volume

Species: Glyphoglossus molossus Collection number: Erfurt A 2184/15 Institution of origin: Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Erfurt Data: CT volume of iodine-stained specimen (1% I2KI in water) Coverage: partial specimen, hindlimbs cut Scanner: Skyscan1172 Scanning parameters: 100 kV; 100 µA; filter: Al+Cu Voxel size: 26.66 µ

Ascaphus truei CAS 252683, lead-stained CT volume

Species: Ascaphus truei Collection number: CAS 252683 Institution of origin: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco Data: CT volume of lead-stained specimen (2% lead II acetate 3-hydrate in 80% ethanol) Coverage: partial specimen, hindlimbs and snout cut Scanner: Skyscan1172 Scanning parameters: 70 kV; 139 µA; filter: Al+Cu Voxel size: 26.66 µ

Glyphoglossus molossus Erfurt A 2185/15, iodine-stained CT volume

Species: Glyphoglossus molossus Collection number: Erfurt A 2185/15 Institution of origin: Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Erfurt Data: CT volume of iodine-stained specimen (1% I2KI in water) Coverage: partial specimen, hindlimbs cut Scanner: Skyscan1172 Scanning parameters: 100 kV; 100 µA; filter: Al+Cu Voxel size: 26.66 µ

Data from: Frog tongue acts as muscle-powered adhesive tape

Frogs are well known to capture fast-moving prey by flicking their sticky tongues out of the mouth. This tongue projection behaviour happens extremely fast which makes frog tongues a biological high-speed adhesive system. The processes at the interface between tongue and prey, and thus the mechanism of adhesion, however, are completely unknown. Here, we captured the contact mechanics of frog tongues by filming tongue adhesion at 2000 frames per second through an illuminated glass. We found that the tongue rolls over the target during attachment. However, during the pulling phase, the tongue retractor muscle acts perpendicular to the target surface and thus prevents peeling during tongue retraction. When the tongue detaches, mucus fibrils form between the tongue and the target. Fibrils commonly occur in pressure- sensitive adhesives, and thus frog tongues might be a biological analogue to these engineered materials. The fibrils in frog tongues are related to the presence of microscopic papillae on the surface. Together with a layer of nanoscale fibres underneath the tongue epithelium, these surface papillae will make the tongue adaptable to asperities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we are able to integrate anatomy and function to explain the processes during adhesion in frog tongues

Bufo bufo ZMH A04709, unstained CT volume

Species: Bufo bufo Collection number: ZMH A04709 Institution of origin: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Data: CT volume of unstained specimen Coverage: full specimen Scanner: Phoenix Nanotom M Scanning paramters: 120 kV; 400 µA; filter: no filter Voxel size: 63.40699642896652 µmDataset used in: Engelkes, K., Kath, L., Kleinteich, T., Hammel, J. U., Beerlink, A., Haas, A. (2020) Ecomorphology of the pectoral girdle in anurans (Amphibia, Anura): Shape diversity and biomechanical considerations. Ecology and Evolution 10(20): 11467–11487. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6784

Ceratophrys aurita ZMH A01393, unstained CT volume

Species: Ceratophrys aurita Collection number: ZMH A01393 Institution of origin: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Data: CT volume of unstained specimen Coverage: full specimen Scanner: Phoenix v|tome|x L 450 Scanning paramters: 170 kV; 500 µA; filter: no filter Voxel size: 106.0085296630859 µmDataset used in: Engelkes, K., Kath, L., Kleinteich, T., Hammel, J. U., Beerlink, A., Haas, A. (2020) Ecomorphology of the pectoral girdle in anurans (Amphibia, Anura): Shape diversity and biomechanical considerations. Ecology and Evolution 10(20): 11467–11487. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6784

Micro-CT scan of Ceratophrys ornata tongue tissue

Micro-CT scan of a piece of tongue tissue of the ornate horned frog Ceratophrys ornata. This piece was cut out from the tongue of the specimen after the animal was treated with Lugol's solution to allow for soft tissue visualization

Rhinella marina ZMH A01033, unstained CT volume

Species: Rhinella marina Collection number: ZMH A01033 Institution of origin: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Data: CT volume of unstained specimen Coverage: full specimen Scanner: Phoenix v|tome|x L 450 Scanning paramters: 170 kV; 500 µA; filter: no filter Voxel size: 85.74052900075913 µmDataset used in: Engelkes, K., Kath, L., Kleinteich, T., Hammel, J. U., Beerlink, A., Haas, A. (2020) Ecomorphology of the pectoral girdle in anurans (Amphibia, Anura): Shape diversity and biomechanical considerations. Ecology and Evolution 10(20): 11467–11487. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6784

Bufo bufo ZMH A04717, unstained CT volume

Species: Bufo bufo Collection number: ZMH A04717 Institution of origin: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Data: CT volume of unstained specimen Coverage: full specimen Scanner: Phoenix Nanotom M Scanning paramters: 120 kV; 400 µA; filter: no Voxel size: 63.40699642896652 µmDataset used in: Engelkes, K., Kath, L., Kleinteich, T., Hammel, J. U., Beerlink, A., Haas, A. (2020) Ecomorphology of the pectoral girdle in anurans (Amphibia, Anura): Shape diversity and biomechanical considerations. Ecology and Evolution 10(20): 11467–11487. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6784