The Japanese Critique of History\u27s Suppression of Nature

Historical Consciousness, Historiography, and Modern Japanese Values, 2002年10月末-11月, カナダ, アルバータ州バン

Mimesis stories: composing new nature music for the shakuhachi

Nature is a widespread theme in much new music for the shakuhachi (Japanese bamboo flute). This article explores the significance of such music within the contemporary shakuhachi scene, as the instrument travels internationally and so becomes rooted in landscapes outside Japan, taking on the voices of new creatures and natural phenomena. The article tells the stories of five compositions and one arrangement by non-Japanese composers, first to credit composers’ varied and personal responses to this common concern and, second, to discern broad, culturally syncretic traditions of nature mimesis and other, more abstract, ideas about the naturalness of sounds and creative processes (which I call musical naturalism). Setting these personal stories and longer histories side by side reveals that composition creates composers (as much as the other way around). Thus it hints at much broader terrain: the refashioning of human nature at the confluence between cosmopolitan cultural circulations and contemporary encounters with the more-than-human world

Historia económica en el Antropoceno: cuatro modelos

Bajo la amenaza global del Antropoceno, la historia ambiental y la historia económica se conjugan para alcanzar mayor entendimiento de la situación actual. Este nuevo campo de la “historia eco-económica” rastrea el impacto ecológico del sorprendente aumento en la productividad de la economía mundial en los últimos dos siglos. La naturaleza ya no es vista como una externalidad y el daño a los recursos no renovables ya no se minimiza. He identificado cuatro modelos eco-económicos básicos. El retromodernista nos hace retornar a un mundo eurocéntrico, tanto para los orígenes del problema como para sus soluciones. Tres modelos más convincentes, modernidad de doble capa, modernidades paralelas y enfoques multiescala, amplían la comprensión de cómo llegamos a esta coyuntura catastrófica y lo que podríamos hacer al respecto.Under the global threat of the Anthropocene, environmental history and economic history are coming together to understand our predicament. This new field of “eco-economic history” traces the ecological impact of the startling rise in global economic productivity over the last two centuries. No longer is nature treated as an externality and damage to non-renewable resources discounted. I identify four basic eco-economic models emerging in this literature. The one I call retro-modernist returns us to a Euro-centered world for both the problem’s origins and its remedies. Three more convincing models, double-layered modernity, parallel modernities, and multi-scalar approaches, expand our understanding of how we arrived at this catastrophic juncture and what we might do about it

Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology

Julia Adeney Thomas turns the concept of nature into a powerful analytical lens through which to view Japanese modernity, bringing the study of both Japanese history and political modernity to a new level of clarity. She shows that nature necessarily functions as a political concept and that changing ideas of nature's political authority were central during Japan's transformation from a semifeudal world to an industrializing colonial empire. In political documents from the nineteenth to the early twentieth century, nature was redefined, moving from the universal, spatial concept of the Tokugawa period, through temporal, social Darwinian ideas of inevitable progress and competitive struggle, to a celebration of Japan as a nation uniquely in harmony with nature. The so-called traditional "Japanese love of nature" masks modern state power. Thomas's theoretically sophisticated study rejects the supposition that modernity is the ideological antithesis of nature, overcoming the determinism of the physical environment through technology and liberating denatured subjects from the chains of biology and tradition. In making "nature" available as a critical term for political analysis, this book yields new insights into prewar Japan's failure to achieve liberal democracy, as well as an alternative means of understanding modernity and the position of non-Western nations within it

Earth System Science, Anthropocene Historiography, and Three Forms of Human Agency

Simon ZB, Thomas JA. Earth System Science, Anthropocene Historiography, and Three Forms of Human Agency. Isis: Journal of the History of Science Society . 2022;113(2):396-406.This programmatic essay argues that meaningful historical engagement with the Anthropocene begins with recognizing that the concept arises not only from geology but also from Earth System science (ESS), which has evolved to incorporate both physical systems and human systems in an integrated view of our planet. It makes the case that this holistic understanding alters both the science and the history of the Anthropocene by introducing a novel form of human agency: Earth System agency. This radical new form of agency does not eclipse the individual and collective forms of agency that have always interacted with the environment but adds to them in complex and sometimes uncomfortable ways. It challenges us to develop a science-induced Anthropocene historiography and a humanities-induced Anthropocene science. The history of science is well positioned to play a dialectical role in developing a “critical friendship” between Anthropocene history and Anthropocene science—a process in which the history of science will likely be transformed as well

The Anthropocene: Comparing Its Meaning in Geology (Chronostratigraphy) with Conceptual Approaches Arising in Other Disciplines

The term Anthropocene initially emerged from the Earth System science community in the early 2000s, denoting a concept that the Holocene Epoch has terminated as a consequence of human activities. First associated with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, it was then more closely linked with the Great Acceleration in industrialization and globalization from the 1950s that fundamentally modified physical, chemical, and biological signals in geological archives. Since 2009, the Anthropocene has been evaluated by the Anthropocene Working Group, tasked with examining it for potential inclusion in the Geological Time Scale. Such inclusion requires a precisely defined chronostratigraphic and geochronological unit with a globally synchronous base and inception, with the mid-twentieth century being geologically optimal. This reflects an Earth System state in which human activities have become predominant drivers of modifications to the stratigraphic record, making it clearly distinct from the Holocene. However, more recently, the term Anthropocene has also become used for different conceptual interpretations in diverse scholarly fields, including the environmental and social sciences and humanities. These are often flexibly interpreted, commonly without reference to the geological record, and diachronous in time; they often extend much further back in time than the mid-twentieth century. These broader conceptualizations encompass wide ranges and levels of human impacts and interactions with the environment. Here, we clarify what the Anthropocene is in geological terms and compare the proposed geological (chronostratigraphic) definition with some of these broader interpretations and applications of the term “Anthropocene,” showing both their overlaps and differences