Modeling of turbulent transport as a volume process

An alternative type of modeling was proposed for the turbulent transport terms in Reynolds-averaged equations. One particular implementation of the model was considered, based on the two-point velocity correlations. The model was found to reproduce the trends but not the magnitude of the nonisotropic behavior of the turbulent transport. Some interesting insights were developed concerning the shape of the contracted two-point correlation volume. This volume is strongly deformed by mean shear from the spherical shape found in unstrained flows. Of particular interest is the finding that the shape is sharply waisted, indicating preferential lines of communication, which should have a direct effect on turbulent transfer and on other processes

Coalition structure generation over graphs

We give the analysis of the computational complexity of coalition structure generation over graphs. Given an undirected graph G = (N,E) and a valuation function v : P(N) → R over the subsets of nodes, the problem is to find a partition of N into connected subsets, that maximises the sum of the components values. This problem is generally NP-complete; in particular, it is hard for a defined class of valuation functions which are independent of disconnected members — that is, two nodes have no effect on each others marginal contribution to their vertex separator. Nonetheless, for all such functions we provide bounds on the complexity of coalition structure generation over general and minor free graphs. Our proof is constructive and yields algorithms for solving corresponding instances of the problem. Furthermore, we derive linear time bounds for graphs of bounded treewidth. However, as we show, the problem remains NP-complete for planar graphs, and hence, for any Kk minor free graphs where k ≥ 5. Moreover, a 3-SAT problem with m clauses can be represented by a coalition structure generation problem over a planar graph with O(m2) nodes. Importantly, our hardness result holds for a particular subclass of valuation functions, termed edge sum, where the value of each subset of nodes is simply determined by the sum of given weights of the edges in the induced subgraph

SOME ISSUES CONCERNING SPECIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF OUTDOOR RECREATION DEMAND MODELS

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

An Exploration of Design

An exploration of Set and Lighting design for theatre

Conformations of biopolymers in the gas phase: a new mass spectrometric method

A method is developed for measuring collision cross sections of gas-phase biomolecules using a slightly modified commercial triple quadrupole instrument. The modifications allow accurate stopping potentials to be measured for ions exiting the collision region of the instrument. A simple model allows these curves to be converted to cross sections. In order to account for certain poorly defined experimental parameters (exact ion energy, absolute pressure in the collision cell, etc.) variable parameters are included in the model. These parameters are determined on a case by case basis by normalizing the results to the well known cross section of singly charged bradykinin, Two relatively large systems were studied (cytochrome c and myoglobin) so comparisons could be made to literature values. A number of new peptide systems were then studied in the 9 -14 residue range. These included singly and doubly charged ions of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) substance P, and bombesin in addition to bradykinin. The experimental cross sections were in very good agreement with predictions from extensive molecular dynamics modeling. One interesting result was the experimental observation that the cross section of the doubly charged ions of LHRH, substance P, and bombesin were all smaller than those of the corresponding singly charged ions. Molecular dynamics did not reproduce this result, predicting doubly charged cross sections of the same magnitude or slightly larger than for the singly charged species. The experimental results appear to be correct, however. Possible shortcomings in the modeling procedure for multiply charged ions were suggested that might account for the discrepancy

A History of Computer Technology and its Impact on Academics at SUNY Brockport

A history of academic computing at SUNY Brockport; while administrative computing shares some common history but is only examined here in the broader context of academic computing capability; their histories occasionally intertwine but are distinct. The history of SUNY Brockport\u27s management of the academic computing revolution containing success stories and shortcomings; It is presented in decades starting with the 1960s when computer technology was not an essential part of the campus and ends in the 21st century when computers are an integral part of the campus

Utilizing Inventory Data and Public Opinion to Develop an Urban Tree Management Plan for Oak Ridge, TN

Proper management by a trained urban forester is essential for the health of urban trees, due to the adverse growing conditions they face. Unfortunately, many cities do not have the luxury of employing an urban forester for various reasons, which is the case for the City of Oak Ridge, TN. This study utilized inventory data of the street trees, park trees, and trees surrounding the municipal complexes in Oak Ridge, as well as evaluated park visitor satisfaction in three of the city parks through the use of a survey to aid in the development of an urban tree management plan. Understanding what plant species are growing within cities and the benefits associated with those trees are only small parts of proper urban tree management. Additionally, assessing citizens’ attitudes towards the benefits of vegetation in areas such as city parks is important, due to the fact that the purpose of these areas is public enjoyment. The total urban tree inventory was completed over two years and consisted of 2,442 trees (H’ = 3.55). The inventory data was utilized to calculate benefit estimations for the city in the software program i-Tree, producing a total $133,796 in benefits, and a benefit-cost ratio of 0.90. For the park visitor survey, a total of 263 people participated in the survey among the three parks. Survey results revealed that for the two future management factors produced (future planting efforts and future tree care) there was a significant relationship for both factors with attitudes toward trees as well as a significant relationship between future planting efforts and visitor personal preference of park aspects. The inventory data, i-Tree benefit estimations, and survey results were used to aid in the development of a 10-year management plan for the city of Oak Ridge. This management plan contains 1) specific guidelines for proper tree care, 2) planting protocols, 3) strategies to manage pest or disease outbreaks, and 4) guidelines for raising public awareness of the urban forest through citizen engagement outreach programs. The management plan will be completed and presented to the city of Oak Ridge in September of 2015