Historical landscape of Sistan in Iran and Afghanistan: EAMENA Dataset for assessing environmental impact on cultural heritage

This dataset is an exported subset of the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa (EAMENA) database. It includes archaeological and cultural heritage places, such as ancient settlements, historical structures, traditional villages, and irrigation systems within the central areas of the historical landscape of Sistan (), located in eastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan. The data was gathered by the visual inspection of 16,875 km2 of open-access satellite imagery accessible on Google Earth covering the period from 2001 to 2022, utilising the EAMENA methodology for archaeological and condition assessment. It is stored in the EAMENA web-based open-access database, hosted by the University of Oxford. The primary objective of compiling this dataset is to evaluate the impact of recent climate and environmental changes, as well as other disturbance factors, such as agriculture, building and development, and infrastructure, on the cultural heritage places of this historical region

Analysis of prehistoric iconography with the R package iconr

The R package 'iconr' is grounded in graph theory and spatial analysis to offer concepts and functions for modeling Prehistoric iconographic compositions and preparing for further analysis (clustering, typology tree, Harris diagram, etc.). The package purpose is to contribute to cross-cultural comparison through a greater normalization of quantitative analysisCRAN v. 0.1.0 at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/iconr/index.htm

Mars 2005 au Kirghizistan : « révolution des tulipes » ou alternance violente ?

Cette étude se propose d’examiner en détail l’expérience kirghize de la révolution pacifique en essayant de la comprendre à travers des facteurs internes et structurels de la société kirghize, afin de déterminer s’il est fondé de concevoir cet événement comme une révolution populaire. Une étude du déroulement interne des émeutes de février et mars 2005 au Kirghizistan, qui ont mis à bas en quelques heures le pouvoir d’Askar Akaev (ancien chef d’État kirghiz), ainsi que de leurs conséquences permet en effet de mettre en doute cette vision largement répandue dans les médias aussi bien occidentaux que russes ou centrasiatiques. Pour autant, le printemps kirghiz n’a pas été sans conséquences sur la vie politique kirghize comme sur la relation de la population à la politique.This studygives a detailed examination of the Kyrgyz experienceof the peaceful revolution, trying to understand it through internal and structural factors of Kyrgyz society, so as to determine if there is any basis for seeing this event as a popular revolution. A study of the internal events of the riots of February and March, 2005 in Kyrgyzstan, which, within a few hours, put an end to the rule of Askar Akaev (former Kyrgyz head of state), and of their consequences casts doubt on this view, largely held by Western, Russian, and Central Asian media. That is not to say that the Kyrgyz Spring had no impact on Kyrgyz political life or on the population's relationship to politics

Utilisation de l’outil SIG dans l’étude des gravures protohistoriques de la région du mont Bego (Alpes-Maritimes, France)

L’avancée des recherches sur les gravures protohistoriques (relevés, base de données) dans la région du mont Bego, et le développement des outils d’analyse géographique (GPS, SIG) permettent de mettre en relation les roches gravées et leur contexte géographique. Cette démarche, si elle n’est pas tout à fait nouvelle, reste originale au vu de l’importance du corpus à traiter : 20000 gravures figuratives et 4200 roches gravées. Après leur intégration dans une base de données liée à un SIG, la spatialisation des données montre différents regroupements de gravures. Il restera encore à introduire dans l’analyse le critère chronologique pour distinguer une succession de systèmes graphiques (diachronie) d’une structuration symbolique de l’espace (synchronie). Ces résultats devraient pouvoir trouver un écho dans l’évolution des systèmes symboliques à la fin du Néolithique en Méditerranée occidentale.The advance of researches for the study of protohistorical engravings (drawings and database) in the mont Bego region, and the development of geographical analysis tools (GPS, GIS) allow to relate engraved rocks with their geographic context. This approach, if not totally new, is at least original given the corpus to work with: 20000 figurative engravings and 4200 engraved rocks. After their integration into a database link with a GIS, the spatial projection of data shows different groups of engravings. It stays to introduce in the analysis the chronologic criterion to distinguish between evolutions of graphical systems (diachronic) from the symbolical structuring of the site (synchronic). These results would probably found comparisons with the evolution of symbolic systems during later Neolithic in occidental Mediterranean

Mars 2005 au Kirghizistan : « révolution des tulipes » ou alternance violente ?

Cette étude se propose d’examiner en détail l’expérience kirghize de la révolution pacifique en essayant de la comprendre à travers des facteurs internes et structurels de la société kirghize, afin de déterminer s’il est fondé de concevoir cet événement comme une révolution populaire. Une étude du déroulement interne des émeutes de février et mars 2005 au Kirghizistan, qui ont mis à bas en quelques heures le pouvoir d’Askar Akaev (ancien chef d’État kirghiz), ainsi que de leurs conséquences permet en effet de mettre en doute cette vision largement répandue dans les médias aussi bien occidentaux que russes ou centrasiatiques. Pour autant, le printemps kirghiz n’a pas été sans conséquences sur la vie politique kirghize comme sur la relation de la population à la politique.This studygives a detailed examination of the Kyrgyz experienceof the peaceful revolution, trying to understand it through internal and structural factors of Kyrgyz society, so as to determine if there is any basis for seeing this event as a popular revolution. A study of the internal events of the riots of February and March, 2005 in Kyrgyzstan, which, within a few hours, put an end to the rule of Askar Akaev (former Kyrgyz head of state), and of their consequences casts doubt on this view, largely held by Western, Russian, and Central Asian media. That is not to say that the Kyrgyz Spring had no impact on Kyrgyz political life or on the population's relationship to politics

Kinetic description of fermion flavor mixing and CP-violating sources for baryogenesis

We derive transport equations for fermionic systems with a space-time dependent mass matrix in flavor space allowing for complex elements leading to CP violation required for electroweak baryogenesis. By constructing appropriate projectors in flavor space of the relevant tree level Kadanoff-Baym equations, we split the constraint equations into "diagonal" and "transversal" parts in flavor space, and show that they decouple. While the diagonal densities exhibit standard dispersion relations at leading order in gradients, the transverse densities exhibit a novel on-shell structure. Next, the kinetic equations are considered to second order in gradients and the CP-violating source terms are isolated. This requires a thorough discussion of a flavor independent definition of charge-parity symmetry operation. To make a link with baryogenesis in the supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, we construct the Green functions for the leading order kinetic operator and solve the kinetic equations for two mixing fermions (charginos). We take account of flavor blind damping, and consider the cases of inefficient and moderate diffusion. The resulting densities are the CP-violating chargino currents that source baryogenesis.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figure

Analyse du bruit de jet installé par traitement de réseaux de microphones

International audienceThis paper presents the identification of jet noise sources carried out at ONERA in the framework of the European Project JERONIMO. A dedicated test campaign was conducted in the anechoic wind tunnel CEPRA19 for a UHBR dual-stream nozzle with and without wing model installed. Arrays of microphone were implemented in order to apply advanced processing for noise source identification. The analysis focused on the wing installation effects. Correlated monopoles model was used in order to identify the different noise sources radiation occurring in installed jet configurations. The results projected in far field have been assessed with the farfield measurement. The acoustic localization processing applied to the numerical simulation demonstrates a good agreement with the experiments. Tonal jet-flap interaction noise is also highlighted, showing strong correlation between source at bypass exit and flap trailing edge.Ce papier présente les résultats de l’identification des sources de bruit de jet menée par l’ONERA dans le cadre du programme européen Jeronimo. Une expérimentation dédiée a été conduite dans la soufflerie anéchoïque CEPRA19 de l’ONERA sur une tuyère double flux à très haut taux de dilution avec et sans la présence d’une voilure. Des réseaux de microphones ont été implantés afin d’identifier les sources de bruit à l’aide des méthodes de traitement du signal développé à l’office. L’analyse se focalise dans ce papier sur les effets d’installation motrice, en utilisant une méthode basée, pour les sources acoustiques, sur une modèle de monopoles corrélés qui permet de pouvoir restituer la directivité des différents mécanismes de bruit impliqués dans ces configurations. Afin d’évaluer les résultats, les distributions de sources acoustiques obtenues par le traitement d’antenne ont été projetées en champ lointain et comparées aux mesures directes réalisées en champ lointain. Enfin ces mêmes techniques ont été appliquées aux simulations numériques réalisées pour une condition de jet de l’essai. Les résultats ont montré un accord satisfaisant avec l’expérimentation. Le phénomène de bruit tonal décrit par différents auteurs a également été mis en évidence et indique une forte corrélation entre une source située dans le plan de sortie du jet secondaire et une au bord de fuite du volet

A geological 3D-model of Austria

GeoSphere Austria (formerly Geologische Bundesanstalt - Geological Survey of Austria) has produced a supra-regional 3D framework model called “3D AUSTRIA” providing a large-scale geological overview for professional geologists, students and the public. This model is intended to act as support for subsequent regional modelling projects as well as for educational and communicational purpose. The modelled domain of covers a rectangular area of 175 000 km² including the national borders of Austria, down to a depth to 60 km below sea level. Model units are defined following the nomenclature of Schmid et al. (2004) and Froitzheim et al. (2008), each unit having a specific paleo-geographic origin and tectono-metamorphic history. Seven modelling units are considered: two continental plates (1) the Adriatic Plate, (2) the Eurasian Plate, four units from the Alpine orogenic wedge (3) the South-Alpine Superunit, (4) the Austroalpine Superunit, (5) the Penninic Superunit, (6) the Sub-Penninic Superunit and (7) Neogene sedimentary basins in the foreland and within the Alps. Due to the large-scale character of the model, relatively small constituents of the Alpine Orogen are merged together (Meliata Superunit and Inner Western Carpathian Superunit with the Austroalpine Superunit, Helvetic Superunit and Allochtone Molasse with the Sup-Penninic Superunit, intrusive rocks along the Periadriatic Fault with their host unit, minor Neogene basins with the Austroalpine Superunit). The model geometry is constrained by the geological map of Austria 1:1.5M (Schuster et al., 2019), (2) 24 published cross sections and (3) published contour maps for the Moho discontinuity (Ziegler & Dèzes, 2006) and the large Neogene basins. It has been generated with the SKUA-GOCAD software suite following the workflow of Pfleiderer et al. (2016). The framework model 3D AUSTRIA can be visualized with the web 3D Viewer of Geosphere Austria (https://gis.geosphere.at/portal/home/webscene/viewer.html?webscene=c11cd25795294ba8b6f276ab2d072afb) or downloaded from the Tethys Research Data Repository (https://doi.tethys.at/10.24341/tethys.184) allowing the generation of a physical multi-part model using 3D printing technology. It provides a unique way to comprehend the fundamentally 3D nature of sedimentary and tectonic features, like the unconformity at the base of Neogene sedimentary basins, the Alpine frontal thrust or the Tauern Window. The data acquired in the framework of the AlpArray project can be used in future for refining the geometry of 3D AUSTRIA

Persistent Organic Pollutants in a marine bivalve on the Marennes-Oléron Bay and the Gironde Estuary (French Atlantic coast) -Part 2: Potential biological effects

International audienceContaminant effects on defence responses of ecologically and economically important organisms, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, are likely to influence their ability to resist infectious diseases, particularly at the young stages. The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationships between organic contaminants accumulated in the soft tissues of juvenile oysters, defence responses and physiological condition. Oysters were transplanted during summer and winter periods in different sites in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, the first area of oyster production in France, and in the Gironde Estuary, the biggest estuary in Occidental Europe. Among the battery of biochemical and physiological biomarkers applied in the present work (superoxide dismutase -SOD-, catalase, glutathione peroxidase -GPx-, malondyaldehyde -MDA-, catecholase, laccase and lysozyme in gills, digestive gland, mantle and haemolymph, glycogen, proteins and lipids in the digestive gland and the condition index at the whole organism level), MDA and lysozyme in the digestive gland and SOD, GPx and laccase in plasma contibuted to significantly discriminate sites in which oysters bioaccumulated different levels of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and lindane. These results strengthen the hypothesis that it is possible to differentiate sites depending on their contamination levels and biological effects by carrying out studies with transplanted juvenile oysters. In addition, correlations between antioxidant and immune defence responses and PAH and DDT body burdens in the first area of oyster production in France, the Marennes-Oléron Bay, and where massive oyster mortalities have been reported, suggest that the presence of organic chemical contaminants in the Marennes-Oléron Bay may influence defence responses in juveniles of C. gigas, and, therefore, could influence their ability to resist infectious diseases

Electroweak Baryogenesis in the Adiabatic Limit

Electroweak baryogenesis can occur in the ``adiabatic limit,'' in which expanding bubbles of true vacuum are assumed to have rather thick walls and be slowly moving. Here the problem of calculating the baryon asymmetry in this limit is reconsidered. A simple prescription for obtaining the relevant kinetic equations is given. An additional suppression beyond that usually assumed is found. This arises because the generation of an asymmetry requires violation of approximately conserved currents by Higgs expectation values, which are small near the front of the walls. As applications, the asymmetries in multi-Higgs models and the minimal supersymmetric standard model are estimated to be proportional to $\alpha_w^8$ and $\alpha_w^6$ respectively. Also, in this limit the baryon asymmetry in the Minimal Standard Model is extraordinarily small.Comment: Tex file, requires phyzzx, 14 pages, 2 figures (not included), SCIPP preprint 94/0