The Experience of Insight Facilitates Long‐Term Semantic Priming in the Right Hemisphere

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156008/1/jocb374.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156008/2/jocb374_am.pd

Gambling Problems among Community Cocaine Users

Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with non-problem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine. METHOD: A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal, Quebec completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale (SDS). RESULTS: Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine user

Emoji, Speech Acts, and Perceived Communicative Success

Unlike prior research examining how emoji communicate emotion and modify intended meanings, this research examined whether emoji could perform specific speech acts (remind, etc.), and how well users can accurately assess their ability to do so. In four experiments senders were asked to assume that they would send a specific emoji to perform a certain speech act, or to choose which emoji they would use to perform that speech act. Senders and receivers indicated their judgments of communicative success (i.e., that the receiver would recognize the speech act being performed). In two experiments receivers also made judgments regarding the intended meaning of the emoji. Participants judged receivers to be likely to recognize the intended meaning conveyed with an emoji, and there was some evidence of communicative success. However, participants significantly over-estimated communicative success, and in all experiments, receivers were more optimistic about communicative success than were senders

Electrophysiological Research on Conversation and Discourse Processing

Research into the electrophysiology of language comprehension has essentially been “speakerless.” This has left three vital aspects of communication—it is social, pragmatic, and dynamic—severely underresearched. This chapter makes a case for the investigation of language users involved in active conversation and describes the problems and possibilities that accompany this choice of subject. It gives an overview of what is currently known about how the social, pragmatic, and dynamic puzzles of communication are solved by the brain, and it describes the well-filled toolbox of language-related event-related brain potential (ERP) components (e.g., Nref, N400, P600) that are at our disposal