Butallyl­onal 1,4-dioxane hemisolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound [systematic name: 5-(1-bromo­prop-2-en-1-yl)-5-sec-butyl­pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione 1,4-dioxane hemisolvate], C11H15BrN2O3·0.5C4H8O2, contains one half-mol­ecule of 1,4-dioxane and one mol­ecule of butallyl­onal, with an almost planar barbiturate ring [largest deviation from the mean plane = 0.049 (5) Å]. The centrosymmetric dioxane mol­ecule adopts a nearly ideal chair conformation. The barbiturate mol­ecules are linked together by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, giving a single-stranded chain. Additionally, each dioxane mol­ecule acts as a bridge between two anti­parallel strands of hydrogen-bonded barbiturate mol­ecules via two hydrogen bonds, N—H⋯O(dioxane)O⋯H—N. Thus, a ladder structure is obtained, with the connected barbiturate mol­ecules forming the ‘stiles’ and the bridging dioxane mol­ecules the ‘rungs’

Polymorphic form II of 4,4′-methyl­enebis(benzene­sulfonamide)

In the title compound, C13H14N2O4S2 (alternative names: diphenyl­methane-4,4′-disulfonamide, nirexon, CRN: 535–66-0), the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 70.8 (1)°. There are two sets of shorter (H⋯O < 2.1 Å) and longer (H⋯O > 2.4 Å) N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds per sulfonamide NH2 group, which together result in hydrogen-bonded sheets parallel (102). Adjacent sheets are connected to one another by an additional N—H⋯N inter­action so that a three-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonded mol­ecules is formed. The investigated polymorph is identical with the form II previously described by Kuhnert-Brandstätter & Moser [(1981). Mikrochim. Acta, 75, 421–440]

Benzyl­sulfamide

The crystal of the title compound [systematic name: 4-(benzyl­amino)­benzene­sulfonamide], C13H14N2O2S, displays a hydrogen-bonded framework structure. Mol­ecules are doubly N—H⋯O hydrogen bonded to one another via their NH2 groups and sulfonyl O atoms. These inter­actions generate a hydrogen-bonded ladder structure parallel to the a axis, which contains fused R 2 2(8) rings. The NH group serves as the hydrogen-bond donor for a second set of inter­molecular N—H⋯O=S inter­actions

(E)-2,6-Dibromo-4-{2-[1-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)pyridinium-4-yl]ethenyl}phenolate methanol disolvate, a fluoroponytailed solvatochromic dye

The title compound, C$sb 21$H$sb 12$Br$sb 2$F$sb 13$NO$ot$2CH$sb 3$OH, was obtained by condensation of 4-methyl-1-(1it H,1it H,2it H,2it H-perfluorooctyl)pyridinium iodide and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, followed by deprotonation. It crystallizes as a methanol disolvate and exhibits short O---H$ots$O hydrogen bonds and a disordered perfluoroalkyl chain [occupancy ratio 0.538(7):0.462(7)]. Significant $--$ stacking interactions are observed between the benzene and pyridine rings of neighbouring molecules along the it b-axis direction.Peer reviewe

Gliquidone

The title compound {systematic name: N-cyclo­hexyl­carba­moyl-4-[2-(7-meth­oxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­isoquinolin-2-yl)eth­yl]benzene­sulfonamide}, C27H33N3O6S, displays an intra­molecular N—H⋯O=S inter­action, as well as inter­molecular N—H⋯O=C hydrogen bonds. The latter inter­actions lead to the formation of hydrogen-bonded chains parallel to the c axis. The conformation of the sulfonyl­urea fragment is in agreement with a recent theoretical study [Kasetti et al. (2010 ▶). J. Phys. Chem. B, 114, 11603–11610]

Non-Motor Symptoms of Essential Tremor Are Independent of Tremor Severity and Have an Impact on Quality of Life

Background: Several publications have focused on accompanying non-motor symptoms (NMS) in essential tremor (ET) patients; however, it remains unclear if NMS are an intrinsic part of the disease or secondary phenomena. We present the results of several neuropsychiatric tests and their impact on quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling patients with ET. Methods: Participants were recruited via a newspaper article about ET published in the local media and on the internet. All participants completed several standard neuropsychiatric tests, including those that assess QoL. To compare differences between cases and controls, Student’s t-tests with Bonferroni-Holm post hoc tests were performed. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were also calculated. Results: We enrolled 110 patients with definite or probable ET. Highly significant changes were observed for apathy, anxiety, and cognition and negatively impacted QoL. Most aberrations were independent of tremor severity and duration. Discussion: The significant neuropsychiatric deficits and reduced QoL demonstrate a degree of illness that appears to be a non-motor phenotype rather than a secondary effect of ET. In the future, NMS should carefully be explored in ET patients as they may have an impact on QoL and treatment

Polythia­zide

The crystal structure of the title compound, C11H13ClF3N3O4S3 (systematic name: 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-{[(2,2,2-trifluoro­eth­yl)sulfan­yl]meth­yl}-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothia­diazine-7-sul­f­on­amide 1,1-diox­ide; CRN: 346–18–9), exhibits a two-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonded mol­ecules parallel to (01). The NH and NH2 groups act as donor sites and the sulfonyl O atoms as acceptor sites in N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and a C—H⋯O interaction also occurs. The thiadiazine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom bonded to sulfur at the tip of the flap, and the methyl substituent is in an axial position

Elevated H2AX Phosphorylation Observed with kINPen Plasma Treatment Is Not Caused by ROS-Mediated DNA Damage but Is the Consequence of Apoptosis

Phosphorylated histone 2AX (γH2AX) is a long-standing marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) from ionizing radiation in the field of radiobiology. This led to the perception of γH2AX being a general marker of direct DNA damage with the treatment of other agents such as low-dose exogenous ROS that unlikely act on cellular DNA directly. Cold physical plasma confers biomedical effects majorly via release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS). In vitro, increase of γH2AX has often been observed with plasma treatment, leading to the conclusion that DNA damage is a direct consequence of plasma exposure. However, increase in γH2AX also occurs during apoptosis, which is often observed with plasma treatment as well. Moreover, it must be questioned if plasma-derived ROS can reach into the nucleus and still be reactive enough to damage DNA directly. We investigated γH2AX induction in a lymphocyte cell line upon ROS exposure (plasma, hydrogen peroxide, or hypochlorous acid) or UV-B light. Cytotoxicity and γH2AX induction was abrogated by the use of antioxidants with all types of ROS treatment but not UV radiation. H2AX phosphorylation levels were overall independent of analyzing either all nucleated cells or segmenting γH2AX phosphorylation for each cell cycle phase. SB202190 (p38-MAPK inhibitor) and Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) significantly inhibited γH2AX induction upon ROS but not UV treatment. Finally, and despite γH2AX induction, UV but not plasma treatment led to significantly increased micronucleus formation, which is a functional read-out of genotoxic DNA DSBs. We conclude that plasma-mediated and low-ROS γH2AX induction depends on caspase activation and hence is not the cause but consequence of apoptosis induction. Moreover, we could not identify lasting mutagenic effects with plasma treatment despite phosphorylation of H2AX