Handbook on knowledge and technology transfer: focus on Vietnam

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Voitures de société et mobilité durable. Diagnostic et enjeux

La voiture de société est, sans aucun doute, un des avantages de toute nature (ATN) les plus fréquemment proposés par les entreprises à leurs employés. Combien compte-t-on de voitures de société en Belgique ? Quels sont les profils des usagers ? Et quels sont les impacts sociétaux, environnementaux et économiques de cet « avantage »

The Development of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Emergence and Development of the Patent Network

In this paper, we investigate the global R&D network that emerged from EV and HEV technology development by firms and universities from 1998 to 2010. We visualize and analyze the development of the relevant (joint) patent network and uncover some of the key R&D dynamics within the automotive industry, such as the evolution of the R&D network over time, open innovation dynamics and university-industry collaborations. We use traditional network analytics and find that the R&D network initially became less interconnected. In recent years, we see the network tightening again and being controlled by the large OEMs, this suggests that the move towards open innovation is relative and that technologies and markets are maturing. At the same time, the network became more international and universities start being part of the network. The findings of this paper allow for assessing the relative position of each company in EV and HEV R&D network, as a result we can uncover the powerful organizations in the networks: those networks that control the knowledge generated by and flowing through the industry. The database developed within the framework of this research allows for developing an optimal network strategy both for incumbents or new entrants such as start-ups or universities

A Novel Method to Value the EV-Fleet’s Grid Balancing Capacity

Each day, every second, imbalance occurs in our electricity grid. In Belgium, the grid operator has to solve these imbalances with the help of previously contracted Balance Responsible Party (BRP). In this study, we develop a methodology to model the behavior of a fleet of co-ordinated Vehicle to Grid (V2G) enabled EVs. This allows us to explore to what extent such a fleet could participate in an imbalance tariff and how much value is generated with this activity. To do this, we start by modelling individual V2G-EV characteristics and driving behavior. We then extrapolate to model fleet behavior to be able to assess the fleet’s balancing capacity at each moment of a given time period. For our empirical setting, Belgium, our results show that the total expected value that could be generated by V2G balancing services ranges from EUR 2.35 M to EUR 9.67 M per year and from 906 to 664 EUR per EV in 2023

A Novel Method to Value the EV-Fleet’s Grid Balancing Capacity

Each day, every second, imbalance occurs in our electricity grid. In Belgium, the grid operator has to solve these imbalances with the help of previously contracted Balance Responsible Party (BRP). In this study, we develop a methodology to model the behavior of a fleet of co-ordinated Vehicle to Grid (V2G) enabled EVs. This allows us to explore to what extent such a fleet could participate in an imbalance tariff and how much value is generated with this activity. To do this, we start by modelling individual V2G-EV characteristics and driving behavior. We then extrapolate to model fleet behavior to be able to assess the fleet’s balancing capacity at each moment of a given time period. For our empirical setting, Belgium, our results show that the total expected value that could be generated by V2G balancing services ranges from EUR 2.35 M to EUR 9.67 M per year and from 906 to 664 EUR per EV in 2023

University-Industry joint undertakings with high societal impact: A micro-processes approach

University-Industry collaboration (UIC) literature is largely documented with Western European or NorthAmerican evidence, where universities are rich in resources and have well-developed R&D infrastructure. Likewise, our knowledge remains limited about UIC in emerging countries, where research resources and R&D are scarce. In this article, we address the research question "What are the individual micro-processes involved in UICs with social impact in emerging economies" and argue that uncovering the individual micro-processes involved in university-industry joint undertakings contribute to understanding how entrepreneurial universities promote social impact in emerging economies. The ideas presented in this paper are based on exploratory qualitative research consisting of 33 semi-structured interviews, eight focus groups, and six participatory observations in Bolivia and Colombia. Our findings suggest that UICs in emerging economies are driven by the need to solve major social challenges and are often a consequence of the individual micro-processes of low subjective norm, pro-social behavior, deontic justice, social identity, entrepreneurial culture, and championing of social welfare

Profitability Evaluation of Vehicle-to-Grid-Enabled Frequency Containment Reserve Services into the Business Models of the Core Participants of Electric Vehicle Charging Business Ecosystem

The current paper defines a framework for the introduction of frequency containment reserve (FCR) services, enabled by vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, into the business model of an entity owning and operating electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. Moreover, the defined framework can also be extrapolated, with minor adjustments, to the business models of different core participants of the EV charging business ecosystem. This study also investigates the financial factors impacted by this introduction, eventually evaluating its financial profitability under given assumptions and comparing it to the profitability of the traditional business model of an entity owning and operating a unidirectional EV charging infrastructure. The current research shows that offering additional V2G-enabled FCR services can be potentially more profitable than the existing unidirectional approach if the V2G technology reaches its maturity phase with mass market adoption and economies of scale

University-Industry joint undertakings with high societal impact: A micro-processes approach

University-Industry collaboration (UIC) literature is largely documented with Western European or North-American evidence, where universities are rich in resources and have well-developed R&D infrastructure. Likewise, our knowledge remains limited about UIC in emerging countries, where research resources and R&D are scarce. In this article, we address the research question “What are the individual micro-processes involved in UICs with social impact in emerging economies” and argue that uncovering the individual micro-processes involved in university-industry joint undertakings contribute to understanding how entrepreneurial universities promote social impact in emerging economies. The ideas presented in this paper are based on exploratory qualitative research consisting of 33 semi-structured interviews, eight focus groups, and six participatory observations in Bolivia and Colombia. Our findings suggest that UICs in emerging economies are driven by the need to solve major social challenges and are often a consequence of the individual micro-processes of low subjective norm, pro-social behavior, deontic justice, social identity, entrepreneurial culture, and championing of social welfare

Incremental profitability evaluation of V2G-enabled aFRR services for semi-public EVSE infrastructure: a case study in Belgium

<p>The current paper defines a framework for the introduction of automated frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) services enabled by vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology into the business model of an entity owning and operating a network of semi-public EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). It assesses the profitability of this introduction by performing a case-study based on the real-life EV charging data from the EVSE network located in a hospital parking. From the results of the study, it is clearly visible that the introduction of V2G-enabled aFRR services has a significant positive incremental profitability, heavily dependent, however, on the plug-in ratio of EVSE network, determined by the EV user behavior.</p&gt