The Effects of X-irradiation and Anti-lymphocyte Serum on the Responses to Tumour Allografts

The growth of a CBA mammary adenocarcinoma has been studied following transplantation to syngeneic and allogeneic recipients, with particular reference to the susceptibilities of the primary and secondary responses elicited by the tumour allografts, to impairment by whole-body X-irradiation and by treatment with rabbit-anti-mouse lymphocyte serum. In syngeneic recipients, the diameter of tumour implants increases linearly with time and there is no difference in the growth curves in females and in males. Later tumour generations grow faster than earlier generations. In allogeneic recipients, there is a relationship between the tumour diameter on day 21 (T) and the dose of X-irradiation (D) administered before implantation

Adult mental health provision in England : a national survey of acute day units

Background Acute Day Units (ADUs) exist in some English NHS Trusts as an alternative to psychiatric inpatient admission. However, there is a lack of information about the number, configuration, and functioning of such units, and about the extent to which additional units might reduce admissions. This cross-sectional survey and cluster analysis of ADUs aimed to identify, categorise, and describe Acute Day Units (ADUs) in England. Methods English NHS Mental Health Trusts with ADUs were identified in a mapping exercise, and a questionnaire was distributed to ADU managers. Cluster analysis was used to identify distinct models of service, and descriptive statistics are given to summarise the results of the survey questions. Results Two types of service were identified by the cluster analysis: NHS (n = 27; and voluntary sector services (n = 18). Under a third of NHS Trusts have access to ADUs. NHS services typically have multi-disciplinary staff teams, operate during office hours, offer a range of interventions (medication, physical checks, psychological interventions, group sessions, peer support), and had a median treatment period of 30 days. Voluntary sector services had mostly non-clinically qualified staff, and typically offered supportive listening on a one-off, drop-in basis. Nearly all services aim to prevent or reduce inpatient admissions. Voluntary sector services had more involvement by service users and carers in management and running of the service than NHS services. Conclusions The majority of NHS Trusts do not provide ADUs, despite their potential to reduce inpatient admissions. Further research of ADUs is required to establish their effectiveness and acceptability to service users, carers, and staff

Blood volume determination in the mouse

1. The blood volume of the mouse has been measured using (59)Fe-labelled red cells to determine the red cell volume and (131)I-labelled human serum albumin to determine the plasma volume. 2. Values for the blood volume of 95·0 ± 1·5, 96·3 ± 2·7 and 84·7 ± 1·2 ml./kg body wt. were found for CSI female, CBA female and CBA male mice respectively. 3. A marked discrepancy was observed between the venous (cardiac) haematocrit and the whole body haematocrit. 4. The blood volume of the mouse must be determined from the red cell volume and the plasma volume, measured using appropriate labels, and not from the red cell volume or the plasma volume using the venous haematocrit