Securitisation and Solidarity in Singapore after 9-11

Collateral Damage to Human Dignity in an Era of Securitization,German

Genetic loci and prioritization of genes for kidney function decline derived from a meta-analysis of 62 longitudinal genome-wide association studies

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reflects kidney function. Progressive eGFR-decline can lead to kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation. Hundreds of loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for eGFR help explain population cross section variability. Since the contribution of these or other loci to eGFR-decline remains largely unknown, we derived GWAS for annual eGFR-decline and meta-analyzed 62 longitudinal studies with eGFR assessed twice over time in all 343,339 individuals and in high-risk groups. We also explored different covariate adjustment. Twelve genome-wide significant independent variants for eGFR-decline unadjusted or adjusted for eGFR-baseline (11 novel, one known for this phenotype), including nine variants robustly associated across models were identified. All loci for eGFR-decline were known for cross-sectional eGFR and thus distinguished a subgroup of eGFR loci. Seven of the nine variants showed variant-by-age interaction on eGFR cross section (further about 350,000 individuals), which linked genetic associations for eGFR-decline with age-dependency of genetic cross-section associations. Clinically important were two to four-fold greater genetic effects on eGFR-decline in high-risk subgroups. Five variants associated also with chronic kidney disease progression mapped to genes with functional in-silico evidence (UMOD, SPATA7, GALNTL5, TPPP). An unfavorable versus favorable nine-variant genetic profile showed increased risk odds ratios of 1.35 for kidney failure (95% confidence intervals 1.03-1.77) and 1.27 for acute kidney injury (95% confidence intervals 1.08-1.50) in over 2000 cases each, with matched controls). Thus, we provide a large data resource, genetic loci, and prioritized genes for kidney function decline, which help inform drug development pipelines revealing important insights into the age-dependency of kidney function genetics

At level of international law, there is no established right to sexual orientation

Toda

Ousting ouster clauses: The Ins and Outs of the Principles Regulating the Scope of Judicial Review in Singapore

Singapore Journal of Legal Studies392-426Singapor

Legal Communitarianism and Pandemic Regulation in Singapore

Experimental Law: The Rule of Law and the Regulation of the Corona Pandemic in Europe,383-440GermanyLuxembourg Legal Studie

Securitisation and Solidarity in Singapore after 9-11

Collateral Damage to Human Dignity in an Era of Securitization,German

Control, Co-Optation and Co-Operation: Managing Religious Harmony in Singapore\u27s Multi-Ethnic, Quasi-Secular State

The governors of a multi-ethnic, multi-religious state which is based on political authority derived from secular laws, rather than theocratic mandate, are aware of the paradoxical quality of Religion as a force for peace and conflict. Indeed, the root word re (to bind) legare (what is broken) suggests that Religion is something which is redemptive in its healing quality. However, pragmatism informed by history reveals the need to maintain ethnic and religious cohesion as religious conflicts can tear plural societies apart. Religion is too potent a force to disregard or attempt to coercively eliminate, in a manner reminiscent of totalitarian states where the Hegelian or Communist state deifies itself as the source of ultimate authority and demands allegiance from citizens. Religion or irreligion is a strong source of identity and given the mutual exclusivity of theistic and anti-theistic worldviews, every society grapples with the question of how to agree to disagree and live together in peace in this lifetime. What norms, institutions and ethos best secure the pacific coexistence of distinct religious and ethnic groups within a society which is committed to democratic pluralism? This article seeks to investigate this question within the context of the experiment undertaken by Singapore to manage religious freedom and preserve social harmony within a multiethnic secular state which practices a \u27managed\u27 or \u27soft authoritarian\u27 form of corporatist democracy. As a cautionary tale, former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong drew an interesting parallel between Singapore and the former Yugoslavia to underscore the fragility of state cohesion in the face separatist pulls fuelled by religious and ethnic differences. He noted that Singapore is not yet a nation, it is only a state, a sovereign entity... We do not all speak the same language. Nor do we share the same religion and customs. We have different ancestors. Similarly, he noted of the Yugoslavia cobbled together by Tito after World War Two that, There was never a Yugoslavia nation. The break-up of the former Yugoslavia illustrates that a nation is not just a collection of peoples under a common constitutional framework