Метод коррекции для параллелизации численных моделей гидродинамики водоемов со свободной поверхностью

В роботi запропоновано метод перетворення послiдовних алгоритмiв моделей гiдродинамiки резервуарiв з вiльною поверхнею в паралельнi, використовуючи MPI та розбивку розрахункової областi на пiдобластi, перевагою якого є відносна простота реалізації, обумовлена потребою тільки у додаткових процедурах корекції замість значних перетворень існуючих програм послідовного розрахунку. Дослiджується вплив рiзноманiтних факторiв на ефективнiсть методу в термінах зменшення тривалості розрахунків зі збільшенням числа застосованих процесорів.В работе предложен метод преобразования последовательных алгоритмов моделей гидродинамики резервуаров со свободной поверхностью в параллельные, используя MPI и разбивку расчётной области на подобласти, преимуществом метода является относительная простота реализации, обусловленная потребностью только в дополнительных процедурах коррекции вместо значительных преобразований существующих программ последовательного расчёта. Исследуется влияние различных факторов на эффективность метода в терминах уменьшения длительности параллельных расчётов с увеличением числа используемых процессоров.This paper proposes a technique using MPI and domain decomposition to transform serial algorithms of numerical models for hydrodynamics simulations in the water reservoirs with free surface into parallel algorithms. The advantage of the proposed technique is a comparatively simple realization due to the necessity of only additional correction procedures instead of significant transformations of existing serial program code. The impacts of various factors on the method of efficiency are studied in terms of the speedup of computations with the increase of number of utilized processors

III-V on-silicon sources for optical interconnect applications

Optical interconnects require efficient and flexible optical sources. This paper presents results on two technology platforms being developed for realizing these. Integration using wafer bonding technologies is well established now and the focus is on new device types including tunable lasers, multi-wavelength lasers and switching. As an alternative, we also started work on monolithic integration using heteroepitaxy directly on silicon. We here report recent results on low threshold nanowire lasers

The oral microbiota of wild bears in Sweden reflects the history of antibiotic use by humans

Following the advent of industrial-scale antibiotic production in the 1940s,1 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been on the rise and now poses a major global health threat in terms of mortality, morbidity, and economic burden.2,3 Because AMR can be exchanged between humans, livestock, and wildlife, wild animals can be used as indicators of human-associated AMR contamination of the environment.4 However, AMR is a normal function of natural environments and is present in host-associated microbiomes, which makes it challenging to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural sources.4,5 One way to overcome this difficulty is to use historical samples that span the period from before the mass production of antibiotics to today. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing of dental calculus, the calcified form of the oral microbial biofilm, to determine the abundance and repertoire of AMR genes in the oral microbiome of Swedish brown bears collected over the last 180 years. Our temporal metagenomics approach allowed us to establish a baseline of natural AMR in the pre-antibiotics era and to quantify a significant increase in total AMR load and diversity of AMR genes that is consistent with patterns of national human antibiotic use. We also demonstrated a significant decrease in total AMR load in bears in the last two decades, which coincides with Swedish strategies to mitigate AMR. Our study suggests that public health policies can be effective in limiting human-associated AMR contamination of the environment and wildlife

Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and Weight Development in Children

OBJECTIVE: To examine the timing, frequency, and type of antibiotic exposure during the first 10 years of life in association with (over)weight across this period in a cohort of 979 children. STUDY DESIGN: Within the Child, Parents and Health: Lifestyle and Genetic Constitution Birth Cohort Study, antibiotic exposure record was obtained from general practitioners. Anthropometric outcomes (age- and sex-standardized body mass index, weight and height z-scores, and overweight) were measured repeatedly at 7 time points during the first 10 years of life. Generalized estimating equations method was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, children exposed to one course of antibiotics compared with none in the first 6 months of life had increased weight- (adjusted generalized estimating equations estimates [adjβ] 0.24; 95% CI 0.03-0.44) and height (adjβ 0.23; 95% CI 0.0002-0.46) z-scores; exposure to ≥2 courses during the second year of life was associated with both increased weight (adjβ 0.34; 95% CI 0.07-0.60), and height z-scores (adjβ 0.29; 95% CI -0.003 to 0.59). Exposure later in life was not associated with anthropometric outcomes. Associations with weight z-scores were mainly driven by exposure to broad- (≥2 courses: adjβ 0.11; 95% CI 0.003-0.22) and narrow-spectrum β-lactams (1 course: adjβ 0.18; 95% CI 0.005-0.35) during the follow-up period. Specific antibiotic used was not associated with body mass index z-scores and overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated exposure to antibiotics early in life, especially β-lactam agents, is associated with increased weight and height. If causality of obesity can be established in future studies, this further highlights the need for restrictive antibiotic use and avoidance of prescriptions when there is minimal clinical benefit